(ILD)
Definisi
• Interstitial lung disease (ILD) describes a large group of disorders characterized by interstitial
tissue injuries caused by several disorders that inducing inflammation and scarring
• ILD is another term for pulmonary fibrosis, which means “scarring” and “inflammation”
• The scarring associated with interstitial lung disease may cause progressive lung stiffness
• Penyebab: infeksi (bakteri, parasite, virus, jamur), pajanan zat kimia, obat-obatan, imunologis,
lingkungan.
• ILD dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok besar:
ILD yg diketahui penyebabnya
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia paling banyak yg jenis IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
Granulomatous ILD (Ex: sarcoidosis)
Other form ILD
Epidemiologi
Granulomatous:
Known cause or association: Other forms, e.g.:
Idiopathic interstitial • Sarcoidosis
• Connective tissue diseases • Lymphangioleio-
pneumonias • Hypersensitivity
• Occupational causes myomatosis
pneumonitis
• Drug side-effects • Histiocytosis X
• Infections
Idiopathic
Idiopathic lymphocytic
pleuroparenchymal
interstitial pneumonia
Chronic fibrosing Smoking related Acute and subacute fibroelastosis
ATS and ERS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304; ATS and ERS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:733–748.
Idiophatic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Pneumonia interstisial yang bersifat kronis, fibrosis yang progresif, yang tidak
diketahui penyebabnya, dengan prognosis jangka panjang yang buruk
Sering pada lansia, dengan gambaran Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) dari
radiologi dan histopatologi
• Radiografi thorax
• Rontgen toraks : Tidak spesifik atau abnormalitas reticular basal bilateral
• HRCT IPF (honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis, opasitas retikuler perifer/subpleural basal paru,
honeycombing), nodular pattern (pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis), alveolar pattern (alveolar interstitial pneumonia),
cystic pattern (kistik fibrosis)
• Histopatologi: gold standar melalui biopsy bedah. Histopatologi dilakukan jika ada keraguan dari HRCT
David J et al . N Engl J Med 2018;378:1811-23 12
Rontgen toraks serial pasien dengan IPF
Travis et al. Am. J Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 733–748 13
ATS/ ERS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018
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ATS/ ERS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018
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ATS/ ERS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018
16
Panels A, B, and C show the pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP): predominant peripheral and lowerlobe
reticulation (blue arrows) and honeycombing (yellow arrows), as well as traction bronchiectasis (green arrow). This
pattern is diagnostic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis if no known cause is identified. Panels D, E, and F show
features of “probable UIP”: predominant peripheral and lower-lobe reticulation (blue arrows) and traction
bronchiectasis (green arrow) without honeycombing. A probable UIP pattern with substantial bronchiectasis,
David
. J et al . N Engl J Med 2018;378:1811-23 17
reticulation, or both in older adults strongly supports a diagnosis of IPF if no known cause of ILD is identified.
ATS/ ERS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018
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Histopatologi
IPF adalah penyakit yang jarang , dikarakteristikkan dengan sesak napas yang memburuk dan
progresif yang penyebabnya tidak diketahui
Gambaran radiologis dan histopatologis dengan pola UIP, penting dalam diagnosis IPF
Intervensi awal dengan antifibrosis pada kondisi yang ringan, dapat menurunkan akselerasi
progresivitas penyakit.
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