Program Higiene Industri

Health Risk Assessment

d ul
Mo
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 Tujuan
• Peserta diharapkan dapat mengetahui ruang lingkup hygiene industri
• Mengetahui bahaya-bahaya K3 di tempat kerja berkaitan dengan aspek :
1. Bahaya Fisika
2. Bahaya Kimia
3. Bahaya Biologi
4. Bahaya Ergonomi
5. Bahaya Psikososial
• Peserta diharapkan dapat memahami program hygiene industri dan melaksanakan
program hyginene industri di tempat kerja

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 OBJECTIVE

▪ The primary objective of industrial hygiene (IH) is the

prevention of occupational disease and injury.
▪ The IH program helps manage these risks by implementing
methods for anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and
controlling health hazards.
 BENEFIT OF IH PROGRAMS
Provide a place where employees are protected from all known occupational health
hazards at the workplace.

Reduce compensable injuries or illnesses, thus lowering insurance premiums and

associated medical and recordkeeping costs.

Increase productivity by improving working conditions. Improved working conditions

reduce lost time from accidents and illnesses, reduce absenteeism, and improve morale
and labor relations.

Reduce operating costs by anticipating and controlling potential occupational health

hazards during the design phase of new projects.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and other government
regulations concerning industrial hygiene are quickly assessed and implemented.
 Hazard Vs Resiko
Sumber dengan potensi menyebabkan cedera dena gangguan Kesehatan dalam
H hubungan kerja

A
Z Bahaya dapat mencakup sumber dengan potensi bahaya atau situasi
A berbaya, atau keadaan dengan potensi paparan yang menyebabkan cidera dan
gangguan Kesehatan dalam hubungan kerja

R
D

5
5
 Resiko
• Efek Ketidakpastian
• Efek adalah penyimpanan dari yang diharapkan – positive atau
negative
• Resiko sering dikenal sebagai “Potensi kejadian dan konsekuensi atau
kombinasi keduanya

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 Written
Program and
Policy
Statement

Program Hazard
Evaluation Recognition
and Program and
Audit Evaluation

Establishing IH
Program
Employee Hazard
Involvement Control

Employee
Documentation/
Training and
Recordkeeping
Education
 Dasar- Dasar Higiene Industri

Rekognisi Evaluasi Pengendalian

Antisipasi Kegiatan Mengenal Upaya yang dilakukan

Menilai secara kuantitatif
Bahaya lingkungan yang untuk menghilangkan
Faktor bahaya
berhubungan dengan
lingkungan kerja dengan
atau setidaknya
Prediksi potensi pekerjaan dan
bahaya dan resiko melakukan pengukuran mengurangi dampak
pemahaman dari
di tempat kerja pengaruh atau akibatnya
dan pemantauan untuk bahaya akibat kegiatan
mengetahui seberapa operasional
terhadap para pekerja
besar pengaruh bahaya
maupun masyarakat diperusahaan
terhadap ganguan
disekitarnya
Kesehatan pekerja
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 Antisipasi
1. Mengetahui potensi bahaya dan resiko lebih dini
sebelum muncul menjadi bahaya dan resiko nyata
2. Mempersiapkan Tindakan yang diperlukan sebelum
suatu proses dijalankan, atau kalau ingin memasuki
area operasi industri
3. Meminimalkan resiko yang mungkin terjadi pada saat
proses produksi berjalan
4. Informasi potensi bahaya

Information needed : Karakteristik bangunan kerja, mesin dan peralatan kerja,

proses kerja, bahan baku yang digunakan, cara kerja/manual alat dan mesin,
karakteristik pekerja, hal lainya
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 Langkah-Langkah : Antisipasi
Hazard
& Risk
1. Pengumpulan Informasi dari
literatur penelitian
2. Analisis dan diskusi
3. Penyusunan hasi berupa daftar
potensi bahaya

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 1. Written Program and Policy Statement

▪ IH program should align itself with the policy provided by the chief administrator,
or top management, of the organization.
▪ It should state the purpose of the program and require active participation by all
employees reflecting the following:
➣ The importance that management places on the health and safety of its employees.
➣ Management’s commitment to occupational safety and health, which is
demonstrated by its placing health and safety at the same level of authority and
accountability as production.
➣ The company’s pledge to comply with all federal, state, and local occupational
safety and health regulations.
➣ The necessity for active leadership, direct participation, and the enthusiastic
support of the entire organization.
 1. Written Program and Policy Statement (cont.)

▪ Establish a strategic plan for long- and short-range goals and

objectives is vital to the development of an effective industrial hygiene
program. A goal is a desired outcome (realistic and measurable),
whereas an objective is a specific activity or means of achieving a goal.
▪ These goals and objectives should also be part of the written program
and often established by a committee, such as a joint labor–
management health and safety committee.
▪ Goals and objectives should not be static––they should be evaluated
and updated on a regularly scheduled basis. The written program thus
becomes a continually updated document.
 Example of IH Program

1. Written Program and Policy

Statement (cont.)

▪ IH program require:
 Identify what should be done
 how it should be done
 who should do it
 how often
 2. Hazard Recognition and Evaluation

▪ Hazard recognition is the identification of hazards (chemical, physical,

and biological hazards)
▪ The identification depends on the professional judgment of the
industrial hygienist (based on information gathered during
walkthrough surveys, inspections, interviews with employees and
management, and review of applicable documentation such as
purchases of new equipment and chemicals)
▪ Hazard evaluation is the determination of whether worker exposure to
these environmental hazards is acceptable (compare to exposure limit
value), or if additional engineering, administrative, or work practice
control measures are necessary.
 Rekognisi
Mengetahui karakteristik bahaya secara detil :
- Sifat
- Kandungan
- Efek
- Severity
- Pola pajanan
- Besaran
- Sumber bahaya
- pekerja yang beresiko

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17
NO FAKTOR JENIS PAJANAN POTENSI BAHAYA
. BAHAYA
3 Biologi Virus, bakteri, jamur, parasit Infeksi, alergi
4 Psikososial Umur, pendidikan, Stres kerja, accident proness
kebiasaan,beban kerja,
pengalaman, hubungan kerja
atasan dengan bawahan, rekan
kerja, Keluarga
5 Ergonomi Ketidakserasian antara pekerja Kelelahan, efisiensi menurun sampai cidera
dan alat kerja, metoda kerja dan
kondisi lingkungan kerja
 Evaluasi
“Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menghilangkan atau setidaknya mengurangi
dampak bahaya akibat kegiatan operasional diperusahaan”.

1 2 3 4

Pengukuran & Walkthrough Identifikasi Mempelajari

pemantauan Survey bahan dari SDS Liretatur/modul

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 Faktor-Faktor Bahaya di tempat kerja

PSIKOLOGI
FISIKA KIMIA BIOLOGI ERGONOMI
KERJA

Antropometri
Pengujian di Metode Rula
Pengujian di Kuesioner
Laboratorium Metode Ruba
Direct Laboratorium Survei
Desain Manual-
Reading & Handling Diagnosis Stress
SNI 7230-
Pemantauan Gotrak- SNI (SDS)
2009
9011:2021
 3. Hazard Control (Cont.)

Control measure must be taken when exposure levels are unacceptable

based on established limit or professional judgement.

Substitution Engineering
(elimination) control

Administrative
PPE
control
 Pengendalian

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 3.
Hazard Control
 Pengendalian Bahaya /Resiko Higiene Industri

Pada Sumbernya Pada Lingkungan Pada Aspek

Kerja Kesehatan
• bahan baku di
substitusi • Memasukan udara
• MCU berkala dan
• Modifikasi proses segar
khusus
• Modifikasi alat • Membuat system
• Surveilance
• isolasi Proses ventilasi
Epidomologi
• SOP • housekeeping
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• Biological monitoring
 Eliminasi & Substitusi
Proses, alat, atau bahan yang berbahaya
jangan dipakai!
Biasanya sulit untuk diterapkan.
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Kembangkan suatu proses kerja
baru untuk pekerjaan itu atau
gunakan alat dan perlengkapan
atau bahan yang berbeda.
Contoh :
 Mengganti peralatan manual
menggunakan peralatan
listrik.
 Mengganti bahan baku (asam
sulfat) dengan bahan lain
yang tidak berbahaya.
 Engineering Control
Rubah kondisi fisik yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya.

Contoh :
Menutup area berbahaya seperti :
 Membuat “kandang” untuk genset.
 Pelindung pada benda berputar.
 Sistem aspirasi untuk debu yang muncul.

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 Administrative Control
1. Tentukan prosedur rinci;
2. Berikan pelatihan khusus dan sistematis; atau
3. Kurangi frekuensi pekerjaan, sehingga dapat membatasi bahaya yang
timbul.
4. Sign K3
5. Roster Kerja & Shift Kerja

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 ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI

2 9
1
4
3
7
5
8
28
6 28
4. Employee Training and Education

▪ Employees need information and training so that they can be actively

involved in protecting their health.
▪ A guidance for establishing training in OSHA Standards and Training
Guidelines (OSHA 1992):

Determine if Identify Identify Developing

Training is Training Goals and Learning
Needed Needs Objectives Activities

Conducting Evaluation of Improving Document

Training Program the Program the Training
 5. Documentation/Recordkeeping

▪ Industrial hygiene related documentation must be maintained

▪ Exposure records must be maintained for at least 30 years (OSHA
29 CFR 1910.20)
▪ The documentation is needed to demonstrate that the work has
been conducted in accordance with professional standards, and it
may be useful for future industrial hygiene or medical evaluations
▪ Many organizations have developed their own forms or
recordkeeping procedures
 Output Dokumen dasar Hygiene Industri

Hazard
Identification Resiko Health
Risk &
Assessment Peluang Risk
Determining Register assessment
Controls

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32
 Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
Proses yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya kesehatan, menilai risiko yang
terkait dengan pekerjaan tertentu dan menentukan langkah-langkah pengurangan risiko
untuk memitigasi risiko menjadi ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable).

Benefit menerapkan HRA secara konsisten :

1. Inventarisasi & Pemetaan Bahaya Kesehatan
2. Informasi bahaya kesehatan risiko utama di tempat kerja kita
3. Prioritas Tindakan yang diperlukan untuk mengendalikan risiko utama bahaya
kesehatan

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 Prinsip HRA
1 2 3 4

Identifikasi Mitigation
Risk
Bahaya Action Plan
Assessment Determining
Resiko Insert OTP
Get Opportunity Control
Peuang

Risk
&
HRA Opportunity
Register
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 Identifikasi bahaya
Potensi situasi emergency
Insiden lalu terkait,
ke internal/eksternal organisasi Perubahan akan
Termasuk emergency, pengetahuan & informasi
Penyebab insiden bahaya

Orang

Aktivitas & situasi rutin / non-

Proses
rutin Identifikasi
Bahaya
Design area kerja,
proses, instalasi, dll

Pengorganisasian
kerja & faktor sosial Perubahan actual atau yang Regulasi OH & S
masih diajukan

Informasi terdokumentasi yang dipelihara (maintain) & disimpan (retain) untuk

35 metodologi & kriteria
I
n
s
e
r
t
Matrik Resiko
F
o Frekwensi Proses Kategori
Konsekuensi Proses (FK) Jenis Risiko
o (FP) Risiko
t
e
r > 1 thn Tidak ada resiko I I (Trivial)
H
e
Luka Ringan /membutuhkan
r Tahunan II II (Tolerable)
e P3K
Luka sedang dan
Bulanan membutuhkan bantuan medis III III (Moderate)
profesional
Luka berat /Cacat permanet
Mingguan IV IV (Significant)

Kecelakaan fatal / meninggal

Harian V V (Intolerable)

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 Katagori Penilaian Bahaya dan Risiko :
KEMUNGKINAN TERJADI ( Likelihood )
1. (Rare) : Kemungkinan terjadi bahaya
SANGAT KECIL ( pada keadaan
luar biasa ).
2. (Unlikeky) : Biasanya tidak terjadi namun
kemungkinan terjadi tetap ada .
3. (Possible) : Kemungkinan terjadi bahaya kecil
atau merupakan suatu kebetulan.
4. (Likely) : Kemungkinan terjadi bahaya pada
suatu keadaan tertentu.
5. (Almost Certain) : Sangat mungkin terjadi
bahaya.
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 Katagori Penilaian Bahaya dan Risiko :
KESERIUSAN TERJADI ( Severity )
1. (Insignificant) : Cedera hanya memerlukan
pengobatan P3K.
2. (Minor) : Cedera memerlukan perawatan
medis, tetapi tetap masuk kerja .
3. (Moderate) : Cedera memerlukan perawatan
medis, tetapi tidak dapat masuk
kerja.
4. (Major) : Cedera yang SERIUS (
mengakibatkan cacat anggota
atau sebagian anggota tubuh)
5. (Catastrophic) : Menimbulkan KORBAN JIWA

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 Risk Assessment Matrix
Risk Rating Consequence
A – Very High
B – High C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1
C – Medium
D - Low Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Severe Catastrophic

Alm ost Certain L1 C B B A A A

Likely L2 C C B B A A
Likelihood

Possible L3 C C B B A A

Unlikely L4 C C B B B A

Rare L5 D C C B B A

Alm ost
Unprecedented
L6 D D C C B B
 Prinsip Manajemen resiko
PT INTERTEK UTAMA SERVICES No. Doc: FRM/QHSE-07

Departemen/Unit : Mineral Revisi: 01

Area/Lokasi : BLD C dan BLD D REGISTRASI RESIKO DAN PELUANG Tanggal: 05 Mei 2020

(RIKS AND OPPORTUNITY REGISTER)

Penanggung-jawab : Syafniati Halaman: 1 dari 1

Risiko / Peluang Awal Status Residual R/P

Dapat diterima? Y/N

Signifikan? Y/N
Kemungkinan

Kemungkinan
Konsekuensi

Konsekuensi
Aspek
Isu Internal / Kondi Tindakan Target

Verified
Closed
Open
Deskripsi Risiko / R&P Dokumen Sumber Pengendalian Saat Level R&O
No. Eksternal si Proses R/P Pengendalian PIC Selesa Hasil

Level

R/P
R/P
Peluang H & Klasifikasi Terkait Penyebab Ini R/P Level
Terkait N/A/E direkomendasikan i
S/E

2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 25 26
0 4

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 Prinsip Manajemen resiko

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 6. Employee Involvement

▪ Effective health and safety programs includes a commitment by

the employer to encourage employee involvement in decisions
that affect worker safety and health.
▪ Example of employee participation:
 Report unsafe work conditions and
 Report signs or symptoms related to work with hazardous agents
7. Program Evaluation and Program Audit

▪ Audits are commonly used to determine whether the elements

of the program have been implemented in accordance with
established procedures, and whether these procedures have
been effective in achieving their goal.
▪ Audit is usually done by a health and safety specialist or a
team of specialists from outside the facility being audited.
▪ The audit team is usually from the corporate or headquarters
staff, but in some cases, an independent third party such as
an insurance loss control representative or independent
consultant is used.
 Summary of Criteria and Activities for an
Industrial Hygiene Program
Program Elements Activity
Policy Write, prepare/present for management
acceptance
Education • New employee orientation
• Periodic information and
education sessions
• Written safety and health
guidelines
• Posting of dangerous areas
• Labeling of materials
handled by employees
Measurement Criteria Goal
• Is policy complete? An accepted and working policy that
• Is policy understood and supported by clearly states the scope
management/employees? responsibilities and authority of the
• Does policy carry authority needed for program
implementation?
• Number of educational Increased employee
materials produced and awareness of health and
distributed safety in the workplace
• Increase in employee
knowledge of safety and
health issues
• Employee avoidance of
hazards
 Summary of Criteria and Activities for an
Industrial Hygiene Program
Program Elements Activity Measurement Criteria Goal

Health hazard • Plant survey • No. of surveys Identify all present and
recognition • Chemical inventory • Completion and procedure potential hazards in the
• Process and equipment update workplace
review • Procedures and staff in
• Health hazard review place for review, etc.
procedures
• Process change review
procedures

Health hazard • Environmental monitoring
evaluation (area, personal)
• Sample analysis
• Statistical analysis of data
• Biological monitoring
• Records of data
• Establishment of criteria
• No. of samples collected
• No. of analyses performed
• Statistical significance of
sample data
• Well-documented
recordkeeping system
• Established criteria for each
stress
Measure and quantitatively
evaluate stresses and
hazards, determine their
impact upon the work
environment
 Summary of Criteria and Activities for an
Industrial Hygiene Program
Program Elements Activity Measurement Criteria Goal

Health hazard • Design and/or recommend • Controls implemented and Control or reduce to the
control administrative and working lowest level all potential
engineering controls • Administrative procedures workplace hazards
• Procedural mechanism for in place
implementing controls
• Procedural mechanism for
including controls as a part
of planning for new
processes and changes in
existing processes
• Administrative review of
rejected procedures
OSHA • Review all present and • No violations present Complete compliance with
compliance future regulations, standards • Program positioned to all laws, regulations,
• Determine level of comply with regulations standards, etc.
compliance obtained via
compliance inspections
Terima Kasih