Resep Penyusunan Program Latihan Fisik
Resep Penyusunan Program Latihan Fisik
Dr.dr.M.Doewes,AIFO
Prodi Ilmu Keolahragaan - Program Pascasarjana UNS, Solo
1. PENDAHULUAN
Pembuatan program pelatihan ketahanan
baik aerob maupun anaerob
tergantung kepada durasi dan intensitas
Kegiatan-kegiatan singkat (30 detik),
kmd kegiatan-2an yg memakan waktu lama (sampai > 3 jam),
dan permainan yang berlangsung selama beberapa jam
dengan periode selang-seling antara kerja dan pemulihan;
kesemuanya itu mempunyai tuntutan2 ketahanan yg berbeda-beda.
Setiap kegiatan aktifitas fisik,
diperlukan mekanisme-2 energi aerob maupun anaerob,
yang kepentingannya tergantung kepada
kecepatan dan durasi dari aktivitas tersebut.
Duration
Dominant
Physiological
Attribute
Dominant
Energy System
Short explosive
Effort: jump, hit
< 5 sec
MuscularStrength,
speed,
Power.
Alactacid
(ATP-CP)
Short sprint
(High power)
5-10 sec
MuscularStrength,
speed,
Power.
Alactacid
(ATP-CP)
Sustained sprint
(High power)
10-60 sec
MuscularStrength,
speed,
power,
muscularendurance.
Lactacid
Middle distance
(Moderate power)
60sec-10min
Muscularendurance,
aerobicendurance,
anaerobicthreshold
Lactacid,
aerobic
Long distance
(Low power)
10-60 min
AerobicEndurance
AnaerobicThreshold.
Aerobic
Marathon
(Low power)
60+ min
AerobicEndurance
Anaerobicthreshold,
fuel availability
Aerobic
Intermittent
(High&Low power)
60+ min
Muscularstrength, speed,
power,
muscularendurance,
aerobicendurance,
fuel availability
Alactacid
(ATP-CP),
lactacid, aerobic
(Fox,E.L, 1984; Fox,et al, 1988; Fox & Mathews, 1981; Smith,N.J, 1983).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Baseball
Basketball
Fencing
Field hockey
Football
Golf
Gymnastics
Ice hockey
a. Forward, defense
b. Goalie
9. Lacrosse
a. Goalie,defence,attackman
b. Midfielders, man-down
10. Rowing
11. Skiing
a. Slalom, jumping, downhill
b. Cross-country
c. Pleasure skiing
12. Soccer
a. Goalie, wings, strikers
b. Halfbacks, or link men
13.Softball
14.Swimming and diving
a. 50 m. diving
b. 100 m, 100 yd (all stroke)
c. 200 m,200 yd (all stroke)
d. 400m,400-500yd Free style
e. 1500, 1650 yd
15.Tennis
16.Track and field
a. 100m,100yd,200yd,200yd
b. Field events
c. 200m, 440 yd
d. 800m, 880 yd
e. 1500m, 1 miles
f. 2 miles
g. 3 miles, 5000 m
h. 6 miles (cross-country),
i. Marathon
17.Volleyball
18. Wrestling
% EMPHASIS ACCORDING TO
ENERGY SYSTEMS
ATP-PC
LA and
O2
and LA
O2
80
85
90
60
90
95
90
20
15
10
20
10
5
10
20
-
80
95
20
5
80
60
20
20
20
30
20
50
80
34
20
5
33
95
33
80
60
80
20
20
20
20
-
98
80
30
20
10
70
2
15
65
55
20
20
5
5
25
70
10
98
90
80
30
20
20
10
5
90
90
2
10
15
65
55
40
20
15
5
10
10
5
5
25
40
70
80
95
-
% Development
Definition
ATP-PC
And LA
LA and
O2
O2
90
Acceleration
spint
Continuous fast
running
Long-distances running
swimming) at a fast pace
(or
90
Continuous slow
running
Long-distances running
swimming) at a fast pace
(or
93
Hollow Sprints
85
10
Interval
sprinting
Alternate sprints of 50 yd
and jogs of 60 yd for distance
up to 3 miles
20
10
70
0-80
0-80
0-80
100
10
50
40
20
40
40
90
Interval training
Jogging
Repetition
running
Speed play
(fartlek)
Sprint training
3. R E S E P
L A T I H A N
Tabel 4. Metode latihan lari cepat dan ketahanan yang disarankan untuk
berbagai cabang olahraga dan
aktifitas olahraga (Fox and
Mathews, 1981,p.287)
10
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