Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT atas
limpahan rahmat dan karunia-Nya berupa kesempatan dan pengetahuan.
Rasa terima kasih kami ucapkan kepada berbagai pihak yang telah
membantu proses penyelesain modul ini, Bapak Drs.Lutfi Baradja, Ak, M.B.A
selaku Koordinator Asisten dan Praktikum FEB USAKTI dan para assisten dosen
Praktikum Analisa Laporan Keuangan (Ivanna, Okta, Jihaan, Diza, Rini, Safira, Dara,
Amelia) yang telah berkontribusi dengan memberikan ide-idenya sehingga modul
ini bisa disusun dengan baik dan rapi.
Modul ini disusun berdasarkan materi kuliah dengan buku ajar Analisis
dan Valuasi Bisnis berbasis IFRS sebagai pedoman bagi mahasiswa dalam
pelaksanaan praktikum. Modul ini dilengkapin dengan latihan soal untuk menguji
pemahaman siswa terkait dengan materi serta memberikan petunjuk praktis agar
mahasiswa mendapatkan gambaran secara jelas dalam membuat visualisasi data,
analisis data, dan pelaporan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Tableau Public.
Kami menyadari modul ini jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu, kami
sangat mengharapkan sumbangan pikiran demi perbaikan dan kesempurnaan
modul ini.
i
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................................ i
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................... ii
BAB I............................................................................................................................. 1
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN................................................................................1
BAB II............................................................................................................................ 7
ANALISIS RASIO...........................................................................................................7
BAB III.................................................................................................................. 22
ANALISIS ARUS KAS..................................................................................................22
BAB IV.................................................................................................................. 31
ANALISIS PROSPEKTIF..............................................................................................31
BAB V................................................................................................................... 39
ANALISIS VALUATION............................................................................................... 39
BAB VI.................................................................................................................. 53
ANALISIS SEKURITAS EKUITAS................................................................................53
BAB VII................................................................................................................. 64
ANALISIS KREDIT.......................................................................................................64
DASHBOARD TABLEAU..............................................................................................77
BAB I
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Analisa Laporan Keuangan adalah aplikasi dari alat dan teknik analitis untuk laporan
keuangan bertujuan umum dan data-data yang berkaitan untuk menghasilkan estimasi
dan kesimpulan yang bermanfaat dalam analisis bisnis. (K.R Subramanyam, 2011)
Tujuan & Manfaat
Menurut Kasmir (2016) Tujuan dengan adanya analisis laporan keuangan, antara
lain:
1. Untuk mengetahui posisi keuangan perusahaan dalam satu periode tertentu,
baik harta, kewajiban, modal, maupun hasil usaha yang telah dicapai untuk
beberapa periode,
2. Untuk mengetahui kelemahan-kelemahan apa saja yang menjadi
kekurangan perusahaan,
3. Untuk mengetahui kekuatan-kekuatan yang dimiliki,
4. Untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah perbaikan apa saja yang perlu dilakukan ke
depan yang berkaitan dengan keungan perusahaan saat ini,
5. Untuk melakukan penilaian kinerja manajemen ke depan apakah perlu
penyegaran atau tidak karena sudah dianggap berhasil atau gagal,
6. Digunakan sebagai pembanding dengan perusahaan sejenis tentang hasil yang
mereka capai.
Manfaat untuk berbagai pihak dengan adanya analisis laporan keuangan, antara
lain:
Bagi Manajemen : Untuk mengevaluasi kinerja perusahaan, kompensasi
1
dan pengembangan karier
2
Bagi Shareholders : Untuk mengetahui kinerja perusahaan, pendapatan
dan keamanan investasi
Bagi Kreditor : Untuk mengetahui kelayakan perusahaan mendapatkan
pinjaman/utang dan kemampuan perusahaan melunasi utang beserta
bunganya.
Bagi Pemerintah : Penetapan pajak dan persetujuan go public.
Bagi Karyawan : Penghasilan yang memadai, kualitas hidup dan keamanan
kerja.
Bagi Masyarakat : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perusahaan terhadap
masyarakat, seperti pemberian kontribusi pada perekonomian nasional,
perkembangan aktivitas perusahaan dan kemampuan perusahaan
dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap investor domestik serta
jumlah pekerja.
Aktivitas Bisnis
Laporan Keuangan dan pengungkapan terkait informasi mengenai empat aktivitas
utama perusahaan, yaitu :
Aktivitas Perencanaan
Perangkaian tujuan, strategi, dan taktik perusahaan untuk aktivitasnya
Aktivitas Pendanaan
Metode yang digunakan perusahaan untuk menghimpun dana untuk membayar
kebutuhan tersebut.
Aktivitas Investasi
Akuisisi perusahaan dan pengelolaan investasi untuk tujuan menjual produk
dan menyediakan jasa, dan untuk tujuan menginvestasikan kelebihan
kas.
Aktivitas Operasi
Sumber utama laba perusahaan. Mengacu pada pelaksanaan rencana
bisnis dengan adanya aktivitas pendanaan dan investasi. Aktivitas operasi
melibatkan sedikitnya 5 komponen yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan,
pengadaan, produksi, pemasaran dan administrasi.
Langkah I: Menghitung nilai total akrual (TAC) yang merupakan selisih pendapatan
bersih (net income) dengan arus kas operasi untuk setiap tahun pengamatan.
∑ TAcc
𝑁𝐷𝐴 =
𝑇𝐴𝑠𝑠(𝑡 − 1)
Keterangan:
NDA = Nondiscretionary accruals.
TAC = Total akrual yang diskala dengan total aktiva periode t-1
T = 1,2, ….. T merupakan tahun subscript untuk tahun yang dimasukkan
dalam periode estimasi.
t = Tahun subscript yang mengindikasikan tahun dalam periode
estimasi. Langkah III: Menghitung nilai (TAC) dengan nondiscretionary
accruals (NDA). Discretionary accruals merupakan proksi manajemen laba.
𝐷𝐴 = 𝑇𝐴𝐶 − 𝑁𝐷𝐴
BAB II
ANALISIS RASIO
Jenis-Jenis Ratio
1. Liquidity Ratio (Evaluasi kemampuan perusahaan untuk memenuhi
kewajiban jangka pendek)
Current Ratio
Inventory Turnover
Debt Ratio
Kemampuan perusahaan
atas pengembalian investasi
kepada pemegang saham
Soal 1:
Berikut ini adalah Statement of Financial Position dan Statement of Profit(Loss)
and Other Comprehensive Income MIDLENTARY CORP tahun ke-2 dan ke-3. (In
Millions of Rupiah)
MIDLENTARY CORP
Statement of Other Comprehensive Income
December 31, Year 3 and Year 2
Tahun 2 Tahun 3
Net Sales 41,204,510 41,802,073
Cost of Good Sold (19,984,776) (20,709,800)
Notes :
Jumlah saham yang beredar untuk tahun ke 2 dan ke 3 adalah 7.630
saham
Depreciation expense untuk tahun ke-2 dan ke-3 yaitu 702.000,
dengan menggunakan straight line method
Pada tahun ke-2 dan ke-3 terdapat pembagian preffered dividend
sebesar 20,000 dan 18,000
Pada tahun ke-2 dan ke-3 terdapat pembagian dividend tunai sebesar 9,000
Diminta : Buatlah analisis ratio terhadap laporan keuangan perusahaan di atas
untuk tahun ke-2 dan ke-3 :
1) Liquidity ratio
2) Profitability ratio
3) Activity ratio
4) Solvability/Leverage and Capital Structure Ratio
5) Investment Ratio
6) Market Ratio
Soal 2:
Vale Electric adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang desain, manufaktur, dan
penjualan berbagai jenis produk dan sistem elektrik, elektromekanik, dan
elektronik. Berikut disajikan laba neto dan laba neto sebelum pos luar biasa Vale
untuk 10 tahun terakhir (dalam jutaan $)
a. Menurut anda, apa strategi laba yang telah diterapkan Vale selama
beberapa tahun untuk mempertahankan rekor pertumbuhan laba?
b. Jelaskan bagaimana strategi laba Vale diterapkan dalam tahun-tahun yang baik
dan yang buruk?
c. Identifikasikan tahun dimana Vale mungkin membuat cadangan tersembunyi
dan tahun yang mungkin menarik cadangan tersembunyi!
Soal 3:
Asumsikan Anda seorang analis yang sedang mengevaluasi Mesya Company. Data
yang tersedia dalam analisis keuangan Anda adalah sebagai berikut (kecuali
dinyatakan lain, seluruh data adalah per 31 Desember, Tahun 20X5):
Common stock: par value $15; 10,000 shares issued and outstanding; at a
price of
$21 per sheet. Begining Cash $76.375.
Diminta:
Menggunakan data tersebut, susunlah neraca per 31 Desember, Tahun 20X5,
untuk analisis Anda. Beban operasi (tidak termasuk pajak dan harga pokok
penjualan Tahun 5) sebesar $ 180.000. Tarif pajak adalah 40%. Asumsikan
360 hari setahun dalam perhitungan rasio. Tidak ada dividen tunai yang
dibayarkan di Tahun 20X4 atau Tahun 20X5. Aset lancar terdiri dari kas,
piutang, dan persediaan.
KERTAS KERJA
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TABLEAU
17
TABLEAU
Petunjuk Tableau :
18
Hasil current ratio
Berapa banyak kas yang dihasilkan dari atau digunakan untuk operasi?
Pengeluaran apakah yang dibayar dengan kas dari operasi?
Bagaimana dividen dibayarkan pada saat perusahaan mengalami kerugian
operasi?
Berasal darimanakah kas untuk pembayaran utang?
Mengapa kas lebih rendah saat laba meningkat?
Laporan aliran kas bertujuan untuk melihat efek kas dari kegiatan operasi, investasi,
dan pendanaan
Kondisi perusahaan berbeda satu sama lain, sulit untuk merumuskan analisis
arus kas standar. Namun demikian, terdapat kesamaan. Analisis harus menetapkan
sumber dan penggunaan kas masa lalu sehingga analisis common-size atau vertical
analysis dapat digunakan untuk membantu penilaian ini. Dalam mengestimasi tren,
gunakan total sumber dan penggunaan kas utama selama beberapa tahun, karena
angka tahunan atau kuartalan sering kali terlalu pendek untuk menghasilkan
kesimpulan yang bermakna..
Soal 1:
DAX CORPORATION
Statement of Financial Position
December 31, Year 2 and Year 1
Year 2 Year 1
ASSET
Patents 140,000
Accumulated depreciation (10,000) 130,000
Plant and equipment 2,650,000 1,950,000
Accumulated depreciation (600,000) 2,050,000 (510,000) 1,440,000
Other assets 200,000 175,000
Accumulated depreciation (30,000) 170,000 (25,000) 150,000
Total Non Current Asset 2,350,000 1,590,000
Account receivable, net 860,000 550,000
Inventories 935,000 790,000
Prepaid expenses 25,000 -
Cash $ 500,000 $ 640,000
Total Current Asset 2,320,000 1,980,000
TOTAL ASSETS 4,670,000 3,570,000
Informasi Tambahan :
1. Laba Rugi tahun ke-2 $160,000 dan tahun ke-1 $130,000
2. Pembayaran deviden selama tahun ke-2 $109,000 dan tahun ke-1
$100,000
3. Biaya Penyusutan untuk tahun ke-2 $95,000
4. Amortisasi Paten tahun ke-2 $10,000
Diminta : Buatlah Statement of Cash Flow untuk tahun ke-2 dengan indirect
method
Soal 2:
JESSI INC.
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
DECEMBER 31, YEAR 2 AND YEAR 1
YEAR 2 YEAR 1
ASSETS
Patents 46,000 50,000
Equipment 154,000 130,000
Accumulated depreciation-equipment (35,000) (25,000)
Other assets 35,000 18,000
Total Non-Current Asset 200,000 173,000
Prepaid expense 5,000 4,000
Inventories 40,000 60,000
Account receivables 62,000 49,000
Cash 6,000 9,000
Total Current Assets 113,000 122,000
Total Assets 313,000 295,000
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Common stock 150,000 130,000
Retained Earnings 57,000 36,000
Total Equity 207,000 166,000
Long-term debt 48,000 77,000
Wages payable 8,000 4,000
Income taxes payable 4,000 6,000
Account payable 46,000 42,000
Total liabilities 106,000 129,000
Total liabilities & equity 313,000 295,000
JESSI INC.
INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR 2
Sales 338,150
Cost of goods sold (175,000)
Gross profit 163,150
Selling and administration expense 85,000
Depreciation and amortization expense 35,000
Operating profit 43,150
Interest expense (11,400)
Gain on sale of equipment 2,000
Income before tax 33,750
Income tax expense (6,750)
Net income 27,000
Informasi tambahan:
1. Pembayaran dividen selama tahun ke-2 sebesar $6,000
2. Perusahaan membeli equipment pada tahun ke-2 sebesar $54,000
3. Equipment terjual dengan harga $11,000 dengan harga perolehan $30,000
dan sudah terdepresiasi 70% pada tahun 2
Diminta: Buatlah Statement of Cash Flows tahun 2 menggunakan direct method.
KERTAS KERJA
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TABLEAU
Data Arus Kas Masuk dan Arus Kas Keluar
Sub
Date Statement Category Items Nominal
Category
Pembelian
31/01/2019 Cash Flow Investing Pengeluaran 183,000,000
investasi
Penerbitan surat
01/02/2019 Cash Flow Financing Pemasukan 150,000,000
berharga
Pembelian saham
02/02/2019 Cash Flow Financing Pengeluaran 89,000,000
treasuri
Pembayaran
03/02/2019 Cash Flow Financing Pengeluaran 140,000,000
dividen
Pembayaran
04/02/2019 Cash Flow Operating Pengeluaran 350,000,000
pajak
Penerbitan surat
05/02/2019 Cash Flow Financing Pemasukan 70,000,000
utang
Pembayaran
06/02/2019 Cash Flow Operating Pengeluaran 415,000,000
pemasok
Pembayaran
07/02/2019 Cash Flow Operating Pengeluaran 95,600,000
karyawan
Penjualan aktiva
08/02/2019 Cash Flow Investing Pemasukan 74,500,000
tetap
Penerimaan hasil
09/02/2019 Cash Flow Investing Pemasukan penagihan 70,000,000
pinjaman
Penerimaan kas
10/02/2019 Cash Flow Operating Pemasukan 6,418,000,000
dari pelanggan
Penerimaan
11/02/2019 Cash Flow Operating Pemasukan 300,000,000
dividen
Pembelian aktiva
12/02/2019 Cash Flow Investing Pengeluaran 350,000,000
tetap
Pembelian
22/02/2020 Cash Flow Investing Pengeluaran 200,000,000
investasi
Penerbitan surat
23/02/2020 Cash Flow Financing Pemasukan 164,000,000
berharga
Pembelian saham
24/02/2020 Cash Flow Financing Pengeluaran 94,000,000
treasuri
Pembayaran
25/02/2020 Cash Flow Financing Pengeluaran 157,000,000
dividen
Pembayaran
26/02/2020 Cash Flow Operating Pengeluaran 398,000,000
pajak
Penerbitan surat
27/02/2020 Cash Flow Financing Pemasukan 70,000,000
utang
Pembayaran
28/02/2020 Cash Flow Operating Pengeluaran 415,000,000
pemasok
Pembayaran
29/02/2020 Cash Flow Operating Pengeluaran 95,600,000
karyawan
Penjualan aktiva
01/03/2020 Cash Flow Investing Pemasukan 84,500,000
tetap
Penerimaan hasil
02/03/2020 Cash Flow Investing Pemasukan penagihan 90,000,000
pinjaman
Penerimaan kas
03/03/2020 Cash Flow Operating Pemasukan 7,613,000,000
dari pelanggan
Penerimaan
04/03/2020 Cash Flow Operating Pemasukan 300,000,000
dividen
Pembelian aktiva
05/03/2020 Cash Flow Investing Pengeluaran 368,000,000
tetap
31/12/2019 Saldo Akhir . . . 15,329,900,000
31/12/2020 Saldo Akhir . . . 21,923,800,000
01/01/2019 Saldo Awal . . . 9,870,000,000
01/01/2020 Saldo Awal . . . 15,329,900,000
Petunjuk Tableu :
Soal 1:
PT. FOXX
Statement of Other Comprehensive
Income December 31, Year 2 and Year 1
Tahun 2 Tahun 1
Net Sales 47,716,000 40,343,000
Cost of Good Sold (28,977,000) (22,444,000)
Gross Profit 18,739,000 21,092,273
Selling general & administrative 6,531,000 6,469,000
exp
Depreciation & amortization expense 1,464,000 1,277,000
Interest expense 342,000 329,000
Income before tax 10,402,000 9,824,000
Income tax expense 3,121,000 3,002,000
Net Income 7,282,000 6,822,000
Outstanding shares 2,976,000 2,968,000
PT. FOXX
Statement of Financial Position
December 31, Year 2 and Year 1
Year 2 Year 1
ASSET
Other non-current asset 17,942,000 15,075,000
Property, plant & Equipment 18,956,000 16,707,000
Accumulated depreciation (5,853,000) (5,225,000)
Total Non Current Asset 31,045,000 26,557,000
Other current asset 880,000 1,509,000
Inventories 3,579,000 3,022,000
Receivables 5,215,000 5,262,000
Cash 3,287,000 4,255,000
Total Current Asset 12,961,000 13,598,000
TOTAL ASSETS 44,006,000 40,155,000
Diminta :
a. Pergunakan rasio-rasio berikut ini untuk menyiapkan laporan laba rugi, laporan posisi
keuangan,dan laporan arus kas yang diproyeksikan untuk tahun ke-3!
Pertumbuhan penjualan.......................................................................18,27%
Margin laba bruto..........................................................................39,27%
Beban penjualan, umum dan administrasi / Penjualan.................13,69%
Beban penyusutan /Aset tetap tahun sebelumnya (bruto).............8,76%
Beban bunga / Utang jangka panjang tahun sebelumnya..................11,96%
Beban pajak penghasilan/laba sebelum pajak.....................................30,00%
Perputaran piutan usaha (Penjualan/Piutang usaha).................9.15
Perputaran persediaan (Beban pokok penjualan/Persediaan)....8.10
Perputaran utang usaha (Beban pokok penjualan/Hutang usaha)...4.91
Hutang pajak / Beban pajak.........................................................50,41%
Total aset / Ekuitas pemegang saham (leverage keuangan)....2.35
Dividen per lembar saham..............................................................$ 1.06
Pengeluaran modal / penjualan......................................................9,04%
Soal 2:
i-Ready Inc. adalah produsen komputer yang baru berdiri. i-Ready merencanakan
untuk memulai operasinya pada tanggal 1 Januari, di tahun ke-2. Berikut beberapa
informasi keuangan pilihan yang tersedia untuk penyusunan perkiraab kinerja i-
Ready selama 6 bulan mulai dari 1 Januari hingga 30 Juni, tahun ke-2.
Informasi tambahan
1. Periode penagihan................................................................. 45 days
2. Syarat penjualan (purchase term).................................. n/30
3. Persediaan akhir barang jadi ........................................... $100,000
4. Persediaan akhir bahan baku $ 25,000
..........................................
5. Tarif pajak efektif................................................................... 50%
6. Saldo kas awal ......................................................................... $ 5,000
7. Saldo kas minimum yang dibutuhkan $ 35,000
.........................
8. Biaya dibayar di muka pada 30 Juni, Tahun ke $ 5,000
-2..
9. Tidak ada persediaan barang dalam proses pada 30 Juni, Tahun ke -2
10. Penjualan dilakukan secara merata sepanjang periode tersebut.
11. Beban dibayar tunai (kecuali dinyatakan lain).
12. Penagihan piutang diterima sebesar 50% pada bulan berikutnya.
13. Data laporan posisi keuangan i-Ready Inc.’s pada 1 Januari, tahun ke-2
adalah sebagai berikut
Kas.................................................................................. $ 5,000
Peralatan ..................................................................... 1,250,000
Paten ............................................................................. 50,000
Ekuitas pemegang saham ................................... 1,300,000
Diminta :
a. Buatlah laporan laba rugi pro forma untuk menggambarkan perkiraan
posisi keuangan i-Ready Inc. untuk periode enam bulan yang berakhir pada
30 Juni, tahun ke-2.
b. Buatlah laporan posisi keuangan pro forma per 30 Juni, tahun ke-2.
c. Buatlah analisis perikiraan arus kas untuk periode enam bulan yang
berakhir pada 30 Juni, tahun ke-2.
KERTAS KERJA
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TABLEAU
Petunjuk Tableau :
38
BAB V
ANALISIS VALUATION
Struktur Modal
Earning Per Share digunakan untuk menentukan nilai yang wajar untuk suatu
saham tetapi EPS tidak memperhitungkan ukuran perusahaan sehingga tidak
mencerminkan laba perusahaan yang sesungguhnya.
EPS dibagi menjadi dua :
a. Struktur Modal Sederhana (EPS Primer)
Struktur modal sederhana hanya terdiri atas saham biasa dan efek yang
tidak dapat dikonversi dan tidak memiliki efek dilusi yang potensial. Penyajian suatu
laba per saham yang dihitung sebagai berikut:
𝐸𝑃𝑆 =
39
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎
𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ
− �
�𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝑆𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑚
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑎 −
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑎
𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏
𝑎𝑛𝑔
𝑆𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑚
𝐵𝑖𝑎𝑠𝑎
𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑟
40
b. Struktur Modal Kompleks (Fully diluted EPS)
Perusahaan yang memiliki lebih dari 25% sahamnya yang diperdagangkan
untuk memiliki efek berpotensi dilusi seperti efek yang dapat dikonversi, opsi dan
waran. Untuk perusahaan dengan struktur modal perusahaan yang kompleks,
diwajibkan penyajian laba per saham yaitu EPS basic dan EPS diluted.
Pembilang untuk EPS diluted menyesuaikan laba bersih terhadap dampak
berikut efek yang dapat dikonversi atau opsi dieksekusi :
(1)Jika saham preferen yang dikonversi menjadi saham biasanya, maka
dividen saham preferen harus dikeluarkan karena diasumsikan saham preferen
tidak lagi beredar
(2)Jika obligasi yang dikonversi, beban saham biasa, maka dividen saham bersih.
Ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan kembali jumlah bunga yang terjadi
setelah dikurangi pajak
𝐹𝐿𝐼 = 𝑅𝑂𝐶𝐸
𝑅𝑁𝑂𝐴
Dimana Jika FLI lebih besar dari 1 maka menguntungkan dan lebih kecil dari 1
maka merugikan
Soal 1:
PT Bronco memiliki modal Rp 75.000.000 dan semuanya terdiri dari saham biasa
dengan nominal Rp. 3.000. Pimpinan perusahaan merencanakan ingin memperluas
usaha nya dengan menambah dana sebesar Rp. 15.000.000. Kebutuhan dana
tersebut akan dipenuhi dengan mengeluarkan saham preferen dengan dividen 6%
atau mengeluarkan obligasi dengan bunga 15% per tahun, atau dengan
mengadakan emisi saham baru (saham biasa). Pimpinan perusahaan akan
memilih salah satu dari 3 alternatif pembiayaan tersebut sebagai berikut :
Saham Saham
Alternatif Obligasi
Preferen Biasa
1. 0% 0% 100%
2. 35% 0% 65%
3. 45% 0% 55%
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TABLEAU
Rata-
Opsi dan Rata Harga
Outstanding Penerbitan Pembelian Penerbitan 1- Average Total Beban
Perusahaan Net Income Waran Harga Per Total Ekuitas
Saham Share 1-Jan 1-Apr 1-Jul Nov Asset Tax Bunga
Beredar Pasar
Saham
PT. Mayora 1,716,355,870,0
Indah 13,415,220,0 22,358,700,0 5,589,675,0 9,222,963,7 12,546,025,53 6,591,706,430,0 8,342,647,700,0 4,415,600,0
00 1,808.75 2,620 35%
00 00 00 50 8 00 00 00
PT.
809,852,110,00 4,427,748,00 7,379,580,00 1,844,895,0 3,044,076,7 4,212,408,310,0 2,334,320,000,0 2,027,750,0
Garudafood 1,808.75 1,875 4,140,866,828 35%
0 0 0 00 50 00 00 00
PT. Ultra
Jaya 697,784,000,00 6,932,118,00 11,553,530,0 2,888,382,5 4,765,831,1 5,555,871,000,0 4,660,272,000,0 3,702,000,0
Milk 1,808.75 1,350 6,482,974,521 35%
0 0 00 00 25 00 00 00
Industry
PT. Tempo
Scan Pasific 512,028,760,00 2,700,000,00 4,500,000,00 1,125,000,0 1,856,250,0 7,869,975,060,0 5,136,898,850,0 1,844,360.0
1,808.75 1,390 2,525,062,500 35%
0 0 0 00 00 00 00 00
45
Petunjuk TABLEAU
46
1. Klik panah bawah di samping kanan Dimension lalu pilih
Menghitung Create Calculate Field
Basic EPS
2. Beri nama “Basic EPS “ lalu masukkan rumus
47
Rumus :
([Net Income]-[Dividen Preferen])/[WASO]
3. Klik apply dan OK.
Pengolahan data
1. Selesai kita menghitung Basic EPS, lalu berlanjut ke sheet 2
untuk menghitung Diluted EPS, dengan klik new worksheet
yang ada di samping Basic EPS dibagian bawah
2. Klik panah bawah disamping kanan Dimension lalu pilih
Menghitung Create Calculated Field
Waran
Beredar 3. Beri nama “ Waran Beredar “ lalu masukkan rumus
Rumus :
[Opsi dan Waran Beredar]/[Rata-Rata Harga Pasar Saham]
4. Klik apply dan OK
1. Klik panah bawah disamping kanan Dimension lalu pilih
Menghitung Create Calculated Field
Opsi / 2. Beri nama “Opsi / Saham Biasa“ lalu masukkan rumus
Saham
Rumus :
Biasa
[Opsi dan Waran Beredar]-[Waran Beredar]
3. Klik apply dan OK
Hasil Perhitungan Menggunakan Dual Axis Antara Basic EPS dan Diluted EPS
Pengolahan data
1. Setelah menghitung Basic EPS vs Diluted EPS, lalu beralih ke
Sheet 4 untuk menghitung ROA
2. Buat Sheet 4 dengan klik new worksheet yang ada di samping
Basic EPS vs Diluted EPS dibagian bawah
Menghitung 3. Klik panah bawah disamping kanan Dimension lalu klik Create
ROA Calculated Field
4. Beri nama “ ROA “ lalu tuliskan rumusnya.
Rumus :
([Net Income]+([Beban Bunga]*(1-[Tax])))/[Average Total Asset]
5. Klik apply dan OK
Pengolahan data
Menghitung 1. Setelah menghitung ROA, lalu membuat new worksheet baru
ROE untuk menghitung ROE.
2. Buat Sheet 5 dengan klik new worksheet yang ada di samping
ROA
dibagian bawah
3. Klik panah bawah disamping kanan Dimension lalu klik
Create Calculated Field
4. Beri nama “ ROE “ lalu tuliskan
rumusnya. Rumus :
([Net Income]+([Beban Bunga]*(1-[Tax])))/[Total Ekuitas]
5. Klik apply dan OK
1. Drag perusahaan yang ada di bagian Dimension ke Columns
Hasil 2. Drag ROE yang ada di bagian Dimension ke Row
Perhitungan
ROE 3. Drag ROE di Measures ke box Text/Label pada bar Marks Card
4. Rename Sheet 5 di bagian bawah menjadi “ ROE “
Pengolahan data
1. Setelah menghitung ROE, lalu lanjut untuk membuat sheet
Perhitungan baru. Untuk melalukan perhitungan menggunakaan dual axis
Menggunakan antara ROA dan ROE
Dual Axis
2. Buat sheet baru, yaitu sheet 6 dengan cara klik new worksheet
Antara ROA
yang ada di samping ROE dibagian bawah
dan ROE
3. Drag perusahaan yang ada di bagian Dimension ke Columns
4. Drag ROA dan ROE yang ada di bagian Dimension ke Row
5. Pada kolom Marks ROA, ganti bentuk diagram menjadi bar.
Warna bar dapat diganti sesuai dengan keinginan, di Marks
Card bagian Color
6. Drag ROA di Measures ke box Text/Label pada bar Marks Card
7. Pada kolom Marks ROE, ganti bentuk diagram menjadi circle.
Warna line dapat diganti sesuai keinginan, Marks Card bagian
Color
8. Drag ROE di Measures ke box Text/Label pada bar Marks Card
9. Klik kanan pada Axis Diluted EPS lalu pilih Synchronize Axis
10. Rename Sheet 6 di bagian bawah menjadi ” ROA vs ROE “
Analisis sekuritas ekuitas merupakan salah satu komponen dari proses investasi besar
yang meliputi :
1. Menentukan tujuan investor atau investasi
2. Membentuk ekspektasi mengenai pendapatan di masa depan dan risiko
ekuitas individu
3. Mengombinasikan sekuritas individu dalam portofolio untuk
memaksimalkan perkembangannya sesuai tujuan investasi.
(1) Rasio PE memiliki hubungan terbalik terhadap biaya modal, yakni semakin
rendah (tinggi) rasio PE maka biaya modal ekuitas semakin tinggi
(rendah)
(2) Rasio PE memiliki hubungan positif dengan ekspektasi pertumbuhan laba
per saham secara relative terhadap pertumbuhan normal
PB Tinggi PB Rendah
I III
Keterangan
Ekuitas) x 100%
Tingkat keuntungan yang diharapkan oleh penyedia dana sebagai imbalan atas
dana yang ditanamkan pada suatu perusahaan dan melepaskan kesempatan
untuk menanamkan dananya pada perusahaan lain. Cost of Capital merupakan
konsep yang sangat penting dalam kegiatan operasi perusahaan karena menyangkut
tiga hal yaitu:
a. Berkaitan dengan struktur penganggaran modal yang memerlukan
perkiraan modal untuk penganggaran yang tepat.
b. Berkaitan dengan struktur keuangan perusahaan yang mempengaruhi tingkat
resiko dan besarnya arus pendapatan, sehingga mempengaruhi pula penetapan biaya
modal.
c. Berkaitan dengan keputusan-keputusan lain yang memerlukan perkiraan biaya
modal misalnya leasing, pendanaan kembali obligasi kebijaksanaan modal kerja dan
lain- lain.
Rumus :
Soal 1:
Setelah dilakukan analisa laporan keuangan secara mendalam, diproleh prediksi atas
Usakti Technolgy :
1 1,034,000,000 5,350,000,000
2 1,130,000,000 5,292,000,000
3 1,218,000,000 5,834,000,000
4 1,256,000,000 6,338,000,000
5 1,278,000,000 6,728,000,000
6 1,404,000,000 7,266,000,000
7 1,546,000,000 7,856,000,000
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TABLEAU:
Berikut merupakan data dari laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan pada tahun 2019:
60
Petunjuk Tableau:
Kegiatan Langkah - Langkah
1. Buka Aplikasi Tableau
2. Pilih connect to file, lalu pilih Microsoft Excel
3. Cari file yang akan diolah ke dalam Tableau, dengan nama
Import data
file
(connect to a file)
ke dalam Tableau “Bab VI” klik OK
4. Pada tampilan data source, drag (tarik) sheet DATA ke
dalam
box bertuliskan “drag sheet here”
5. Pilih “go to worksheet” atau “sheet 1“
1. Pilih panah bawah disamping kanan Dimension lalu klik
Create Calculated Field
2. Beri nama “Price to Book Ratio” lalu tuliskan
Perhitungan Price rumusnya.
to Book Ratio Rumus :
[Market Price]/[Book value]
Setelah rumus dimasukkan pastikan dibawah tertulis
“The
Calculation is Valid “. Klik apply lalu OK.
1. Pilih panah bawah disamping kanan Dimension lalu klik
Create Calculated Field
2. Beri nama “Price to Earnings Ratio” lalu tuliskan
Perhitungan Price rumusnya.
to Earnings Ratio Rumus :
Price to Earnings Ratio = [Market Price]/[EPS]
Setelah rumus dimasukkan pastikan dibawah tertulis “The
Calculation is Valid “. Klik apply lalu OK.
1. Drag “month” pada bagian Dimension ke dalam
Columns
2. Drag “Price to Book Ratio dan Price to Earning Ratio” ke
dalam
Rows
Pengolahan data 3. Pada bar Marks card, atur menjadi bentuk bar pada
bagian Price to Book Ratio dan bentuk line pada Price to
Earning Ratio
4. Klik kanan pada bagian axis Price to Book Ratio,
61
kemudian pilih Dual Axis, lalu pilih Synchronize Axis
5. Drag “market price” ke dalam Rows, diletakkan di
samping
kiri/sebelum Price to Earning Ratio
62
6. Ubah sheet name menjadi “PE PB RATIO”
LIKUIDITAS
Membagi total ekuitas dengan jumlah saham yang beredar. Berfungsi untuk
mengetahui berapa jumlah uang yang akan diterima oleh pemegang saham
apabila suatu perusahaan dibubarkan (dilikuidasi) atau jumlah uang yang
dapat diterima oleh pemegang saham apabila semua aktiva (aset) perusahaan
dijual sebesar nilai bukunya.
Soal 1:
BINGBING CORPORATION
Statement of Other Comprehensive
Income December 31, Year 1
Informasi Tambahan :
1. Pembelian tahun ke-1 480,000,000,
2. Pada tahun ke-2 memprediksi pertumbuhan penjualan 15%, seluruh beban
kenaikan sebesari 105 kecuali untuk beban penyusutan hanya sebesar 5%
3. Diprediksi rasio perputaran perputaran 5.5 pada tahun ke-2
4. Pada tahun ke-2 direncanakan periode penagihan piutang 90 hari, berdasarkan
saldo piutang usaha akhir tahun
5. Tarif pajak penghasilan untuk tahun ke-2 akan sama dengan tahun ke-1, akan
dibayar secara tunai.
6. Wesel bayar pada akhir tahun ke-2 30,000,000
7. Utang jangka panjang 25,000 akan dibayarkan pada tahun ke-2
8. Tahun ke-2 BINGBING mengharapkan saldo kas minimal 20,000
9. Rasio utang usaha terhadap pembelian pada tahun ke-2 sama dengan tahun ke-
1
10. Seluruh beban penjualan dan administrasi dibayar secara tunai pada tahun ke-
2
11. Efek yang diperdagangkan dan ekuitas pada tahun ke-2 sama dengan tahun
ke-1
12. Pajak 25%
Diminta:
a. Mempersiapkan laporan perkiraan arus kas masuk dan keluar (Analisa bagaimana-
jika) untuk tahun yang be rakhir pada tanggal 31 Desember Tahun 2!
b. Apakah BINGBING Corporation harus meminjam uang di Tahun 2?
c. Apabila BINGBING Corporation mempertimbangkan perubahan periode pengihan
(collection period) selama 98 hari berdasarkan saldo akhir piutang. Apakah
dampak perubahan ini terhadap posisi kas dan berikan penjelasannya!
d. Apabila pemasok BINGBING Corporation mempertimbangkan untuk
mengubah pemberian kredit (waktu pelunasan pembelian) menjadi 60 hari.
Apakah dampak perubahan ini terhadap posisi kas dan berikan
penjelasannya!
Soal 2:
Berikut disajikan Laporan Laba Rugi dan Laporan Posisi Keuangan YELL-O COMPANY
(dalam ribu $):
YELL-O COMPANY
INCOME STATEMENT
DECEMBER 31, YEAR 1
NET SALES 1.750.000
COST OF GOODS SOLD (1.050.000)
GROSS PROFIT 700.000
SELLING AND ADMINISTRATION EXPENSE 70.000
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION EXPENSE 90.000
OPERATING PROFIT 540.000
INTEREST EXPENSE (150.000)
INCOME BEFORE TAX 390.000
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, 25% (97.500)
INCOME AFTER TAX 292.500
YELL-O COMPANY
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
DECEMBER 31, YEAR 1
ASSET
FIXED ASSET 200.000
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION ( 43.000)
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSET 157.000
INVENTORY 65.000
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 150.000
CASH 70.000
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 285.000
TOTAL ASSETS 442.000
LIABLITIES & EQUITY
EQUITY
CAPITAL STOCK 200.000
RETAINED EARNINGS 59.000
TOTAL EQUITY 259.000
LIABILITIES
LONG-TERM DEBT 18.000
TOTAL NON CURRENT LIABILITIES 18.000
NOTES PAYABLE 35.000
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 130.000
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 165.000
TOTAL LIABILITIES 183.000
TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY 442.000
Diminta:
a. Hitung rasio:
- Days’ Purchases in Accounts Payable, berfungsi untuk mengukur
berapa kemampuan rata-rata hari perusahaan dalam memenuhi
kewajibannya kepada supplier. Dengan rumus: Accounts Payable/(Cost of
Goods Sold:360)
- Times Interest Earned, berfungsi untuk mengukur kemampuan
perusahaan dalam memenuhi pembayaran bunga pada saat jatuh
tempo.
Dengan rumus: Operating Profit/Interest Expense
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TABLEAU:
Petunjuk Tableau:
No Kegiatan Langkah-langkah
1. Buka aplikasi Tableau
2. Pilih connect to file, lalu pilih Microsoft Excel
Import data ke 3. Cari file yang akan diolah ke dalam Tableau, dengan nama
1
dalam Tableau file "BAB VII", klik OK
4. Pada tampilan data source, drag (tarik) sheet DATA ke dalam
box
bertuliskan "drag sheet here"
1. Ubah nama sheet dengan cara klik kanan pada Sheet 1,
pilih Rename, ubah menjadi "What if 72 days"
2. Klik kanan pada Days pada Measures, pilih
Convert to Dimensions
3. Drag Days pada Dimensions ke Filters Card, lalu muncul
box
Filter [Days], di bagian General klik Use All, lalu apply dan
OK
4. Lakukan perhitungan untuk Accounts Receivable,
Additioncal Cash Needed, dan Cash Excess/Borrow seperti
Pembuatan
Dashboard: