LAPORAN RESMI

ANALISA FLUIDA RESERVOIR

Oleh

Muhammad Harmadiwang N
19010012

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

AKADEMI MINYAK DAN GAS BALONGAN
INDRAMAYU
2022

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 ABSTRAK

Minyak metah (crude oil) akan mengalami perubahan bentuk

ketika diproduksikan dari dalam sumur ke permukaan, karena perbedaaan

temperature. Dalam percobaan kali ini kita membehas mengenai titik kabut,

titik beku, titik tuang, specific gravity,dan analisa kimia air formasi 1 dan 2.

Titik kabut adalah temperatur ketika lilin parafin atau padatan lain mulai

mengkristal atau memisahkan diri dari larutan bila minyak didinginkan pada

kondisi tertentu. Titik beku adalah temperatur terendah dimana minyak

sudah tidak dapat bergerak atau mengalir lagi. Titik Tuang adalah suhu

dimana minyak tidak dapat bergoyang, sedangkan specific gravity adalah

sebagai perbandingan antara densitas minyak dengan densitas air yang

diukur pada tekanan dan temperatur yang sama. Air formasi dapat

didefinisikan sebagai air yang berakumulasi dengan hidrokarbon yang

terletak pada kedalaman tertentu sesuai dengan zona produktif karena air

formasi selalu menempati sebagian dari suatu reservoir. Sehingga di

praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir ini kita dapat menentukan nilai dari

light crude oil, heavy crude oil, nilai API crude oil, Ph air formasi, serta

penentuan alkalinitas.

Kata Kunci : Titik Kabut, Titik Beku, Titik Tuang, Specific Gravity,Dan Analisa

Kimia Air Formasi 1 Dan 2.

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 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN RESMI

ANALISA FLUIDA RESERVOIR

Oleh

Muhammad Harmadiwang N
NIM 19010012

Disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan

Mata Kuliah Kimia Fisika Hidrokarbon

Pendidikan Diploma III

Pada Program Studi Teknik Perminyakan

Akamigas Balongan Indramayu

Indramayu, 28 Desember 2021

Disetujui oleh,

Dosen Pengampu Laboran

Agustina Prihantini, M.T Maydilasari, A.Md

NIDN. NIDN.

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 ASISTEN PRAKTIKUM

1. Adji Sasongko 1.
Nim. 17010045

2. Alfian Syifantoni 2.
Nim. 17010018

3. Alief Desy Rama Dhani 3.

Nim. 17010074

4. Kevin Latanaga Gunawan 4.

Nim. 17010015

5. Lingga Putra Pratama 5.

Nim. 17010133

6. Muhammad Faisal Aziz 6.

Nim. 17010025

7. Rizka Kholistiani NA 7.
Nim. 17010009

8. Sugiyarto 8.
Nim. 17010030

iv
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur selalu penyusun panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah

melimpahkan segala rahmat, taufik, hidayah-Nya, sehingga penyusun dapat

menyelesaikan “Laporan Resmi Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir” ini.

Penyusun sepenuhnya menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan laporan ini masih

banyak kekurangan. Kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat penyusun harapkan

demi tercapainya laporan yang lebih baik. Laporan ini diwujudkan atas berkat

bantuan dari berbagai pihak sehingga laporan ini dapat diselesaikan oleh karena

itu izinkanlah penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang

telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan ini, diantaranya:

1. Kedua Orang Tua yang tiada lelah memberikan seluruh pengorbanan dan

kasih sayangnya.

2. Bapak Drs. Nahdudin Islamy, M.Si, selaku ketua Yayasan Bina Islami dan

Akademi Minyak dan Gas Balongan.

3. Ibu Hj. Hanifah Handayani, M.T, selaku Direktur Akademi Minyak dan

Gas Balongan.

4. Bapak Winarto, S.T, M.T., selaku Kepala Prodi Teknik Perminyakan

Akademi Minyak dan Gas Balongan.

5. Adji Sasongko, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir.

6. Alfian Syifantoni, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir.

7. Alief Desy Rama Dhani, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida

v
 Reservoir.

8. Kevin Latanaga Gunawan, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida

Reservoir.

9. Lingga Putra Pratama, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir.

10. Muhammad Faisal Aziz, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida

Reservoir.

11. Rizka Kholistiani NA, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir.

12. Sugiyarto, selaku Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir.

Penyusun berharap semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi rekan –

rekan terutama penyusun pribadi. Dan semoga Allah SWT memberikan rahmat

dan karunia-Nya. Atas perhatian dan kerjasamanya, saya ucapkan terima kasih.

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

JUDUL...............................................................................................................i

ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN..............................................................................iii

KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................v

DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................xi

DAFTAR GRAFIK...........................................................................................xiii

DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.....................................................................................xv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN...................................................................................xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................1

1.2 Tujuan.....................................................................................................3

1.2.1 Tujuan Umum...........................................................................3

1.2.2 Tujuan Khusus..........................................................................3

1.3 Manfaat...................................................................................................4

BAB II PENENTUAN TITIK KABUT,TITIK BEKU DAN TITIK

TUANG................................................................................................5

2.1 Tujuan......................................................................................................5

2.2 Dasar Teori..............................................................................................5

2.3 Alat dan Bahan........................................................................................13

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 2.3.1 Alat.........................................................................................13

2.3.2 Bahan......................................................................................15

2.4 Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................................16

2.4.1 Titik Kabut dan Titik Beku.....................................................16

2.4.2 Titik Tuang.............................................................................16

2.5 Hasil Pengamatan....................................................................................18

2.6 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................18

2.6.1 Light Crude Oil.......................................................................18

2.6.2 Heavy Crude Oil.....................................................................19

2.7 Pembahasan.............................................................................................20

2.8 Analisa Kesalahan...................................................................................23

2.9 Kesimpulan..............................................................................................23

BAB III PENENTUAN SPECIFIC GRAVITY...............................................25

3.1 Tujuan.....................................................................................................25

3.2 Dasar Teori..............................................................................................25

3.3 Alat dan Bahan........................................................................................34

3.3.1 Alat.........................................................................................34

3.3.2 Bahan......................................................................................35

3.4 Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................................35

3.5 Hasil Pengamatan....................................................................................36

3.6 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................36

3.6.1 Minyak Ringan.......................................................................36

3.6.2 Minyak Berat..........................................................................37

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 3.7 Pembahasan.............................................................................................38

3.8 Analisa Kesalahan...................................................................................41

3.9 Kesimpulan..............................................................................................41

BAB IV ANALISA KIMIA AIR FORMASI I...............................................42

4.1 Tujuan.....................................................................................................42

4.2 Dasar Teori..............................................................................................42

4.3 Alat dan Bahan........................................................................................49

4.3.1 Alat.........................................................................................49

4.3.2 Bahan......................................................................................53

4.4 Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................................53

4.5 Hasil Pengamatan....................................................................................56

4.6 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................56

4.7 Pembahasan.............................................................................................59

4.8 Analisa Kesalahan...................................................................................61

4.9 Kesimpulan..............................................................................................61

BAB V ANALISA KIMIA AIR FORMASI II...............................................63

5.1 Tujuan.....................................................................................................63

5.2 Dasar Teori..............................................................................................63

5.3 Alat dan Bahan........................................................................................69

5.3.1 Alat.........................................................................................69

5.3.2 Bahan......................................................................................73

5.4 Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................................73

5.4.1 Penentuan Ion Kalsium (Ca2+)................................................73

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 5.4.2 Penentuan Ion Klorida (Cl-)....................................................74

5.5 Hasil Pengamatan....................................................................................75

5.5.1 Penentuan Ion Kalsium (Ca2+)................................................76

5.5.2 Penentuan Ion Klorida (Cl-)....................................................76

5.6 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................77

5.6.1 Nilai Konsentrasi (Ca2+)..........................................................77

5.6.2 Nilai Konsentrasi (Cl-)............................................................77

5.6.3 Konsentrasi Anion dan Kation................................................78

5.6.4 Konsentrasi (Na+)....................................................................78

5.6.5 Tenaga Ion..............................................................................79

5.6.6 Diagram Stiff...........................................................................80

5.6.7 Nilai Kelarutan (K) berdasarkan Temperature.......................80

5.6.8 Nilai Pca dan PAlka.....................................................................81

5.6.9 Nilai Stabilitas Indesk Terhadap Suhu...................................82

5.7 Pembahasan.............................................................................................83

5.8 Analisa Kesalahan...................................................................................87

5.9 Kesimpulan..............................................................................................88

BAB VI PENUTUP...........................................................................................89

6.1 Kesimpulan.............................................................................................89

6.2 Saran.......................................................................................................93

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Corong Gelas.................................................................................13

Gambar 2.2 Electric Heater...............................................................................13

Gambar 2.3 Gelas Kimia...................................................................................13

Gambar 2.4 Gelas Ukur.....................................................................................14

Gambar 2.5 Penjepit Kayu.................................................................................14

Gambar 2.6 Penutup dari Gabus........................................................................14

Gambar 2.7 Spatula...........................................................................................14

Gambar 2.8 Tabung Reaksi...............................................................................15

Gambar 2.9 Termometer Batang.......................................................................15

Gambar 2.10 Tissue...........................................................................................15

Gambar 3.1 Electric Heater...............................................................................33

Gambar 3.2 Gelas Ukur.....................................................................................33

Gambar 3.3 Hydrometer Specific Gravity.........................................................34

Gambar 3.4 Spatula...........................................................................................34

Gambar 3.5 Termometer Batang.......................................................................34

Gambar 3.6 Tissue.............................................................................................34

Gambar 4.1 Balp................................................................................................49

Gambar 4.2 Buret..............................................................................................49

Gambar 4.3 Corong Gelas.................................................................................50

Gambar 4.4 Gelas Kimia.....................................................................................50

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Gambar 4.5 Gelas Ukur.....................................................................................50

Gambar 4.6 Labu Erlenmeyer...........................................................................51

Gambar 4.7 Labu Ukur......................................................................................51

Gambar 4.8 pH Paper........................................................................................51

Gambar 4.9 Pipet Tetes.....................................................................................51

Gambar 4.10 Pipet Volumetrik..........................................................................52

Gambar 4.11 Spatula.........................................................................................52

Gambar 4.12 Tiang Statif..................................................................................52

Gambar 4.13 Tissue...........................................................................................53

Gambar 5.1 Balp................................................................................................69

Gambar 5.2 Buret..............................................................................................69

Gambar 5.3 Corong Gelas.................................................................................70

Gambar 5.4 Gelas Kimia...................................................................................70

Gambar 5.5 Gelas Ukur.....................................................................................70

Gambar 5.6 Labu Erlenmeyer...........................................................................71

Gambar 5.7 Pipet Tetes.....................................................................................71

Gambar 5.8 Pipet Volumetrik............................................................................71

Gambar 5.9 Spatula...........................................................................................72

Gambar 5.10 Tiang Statif..................................................................................72

Gambar 5.11 Tissue...........................................................................................72

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 DAFTAR GRAFIK

Halaman

Grafik 5.1 Diagram Stiff.....................................................................................80

Grafik 5.2 Konstanta terhadap Temperatur........................................................81

Grafik 5.3 Stabilitas Indeks terhadap Temperatur.............................................83

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 2.1 Alat Yang Digunakan Pada Percobaan Titik Kabut, Titik Tuang Dan

Titik Beku...........................................................................................13

Tabel 2.2 Hasil Pengamatan Titik Kabut, Titik Beku dan Titik Tuang.............18

Tabel 2.3 Hasil Pengolahan Data Titik Kabut, Titik Beku dan Titik Tuang......20

Tabel 3.1 Perkiraan Jenis Minyak Bumi Berdasarkan °API..............................30

Tabel 3.2 Alat Yang Digunakan Pada Percobaan Specific Gravity....................33

Tabel 3.3 Hasil Pengamatan Specific Gravity dan °API....................................36

Tabel 4.1 Alat Yang Digunakan Pada Percobaan Analisa Kimia Air Formasi I49

Tabel 4.2 Kandungan Ion-Ion Pada Alkalinitas.................................................57

Tabel 5.1 Alat Yang Digunakan Pada Percobaan Analisa Kimia Air Formasi II69

Tabel 5.2 Konsentrasi Anion Dan Kation Yang Terkandung Dalam Air

Formasi78

Tabel 5.3 Tenaga Ion..........................................................................................79

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 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Curricukum Vitae (CV)

Scan Kartu Kuning

Lampiran Berita Acara dan Hasil Pengamatan

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 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

HSD = High Speed Diesel

SG = Specific Gravity

LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas

HC = Hidrokarbon

API = American Petroleum Institute

PP = Phenolptalin

MO = Metyl Orange

HCL = Asam Klorida

CH3CL = Metil Klorida

NaCl = Natrium Klorida

pH = Power Of Hydrogen

EDTA = Etilendiamin Tetra Asetat

Ca = Kalsium

CO3- = Karbonat

HCO3- = Bikarbonat

OH- = Hidroksida

KOH = Kalium Hidroksida

Mg = Magnesium

xvi