LAPORAN LENGKAP

FISIKA DASAR

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Kelulusan di Laboratorium Fisika Dasar

Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Muslim Indoonesia

DISUSUN OLEH :

JURUSAN / FREK : TEKNIK INDUSTRI / III

KELOMPOK : 1B

ANGGOTA :1. NATASYA KHAERANI (09120200106)

2. MUH. RASDI (09120200107)
3. NUR SALMAN ZAIM (09120200108)
4. WAHDINI AUDIYA. H (09120200109)
5. HAFIDATUL AMANAH (09120200111)

LABORATURIUM FISIKA DASAR

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA

MAKASSAR
2021
 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Bismillahirrahmanirahim.
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Dengan Rahmat Allah SWT. pada hari ini yaitu tanggal 1 Mei 2021. Pihak
Laboratorium Fisika dasar Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Muslim Indonesia
menerangkan bahwa:
Kelompok : 1B
Frekuensi : III
Jurusan : Teknik Industri
Fakultas : Teknologi Industri
Telah mengikuti praktikum Fisika Dasar pada tanggal 7 Maret 2021 sampai
dengan tanggal 18 April 2021 dengan percobaan:
1. Poligon Gaya
2. Pesawat Atwood
3. Gaya Gesek
4. Konstanta Gaya Pegas
5. Viskositas Fluida
Di Laboratorium Fisika Dasar Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Muslim
Indonesia.Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Makassar, 1 Mei 2021

Menyetujui;

Koordinator Frekuensi Asisten Bertugas

( Sulfian ) ( Dewy Kumala Teuhayo )

Mengetahui;
Koordinator Asisten

( Muhammad Imam Arif, S.T )

ii
 KATA PENGANTAR.

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh,
Alhamdulillah, puji syukur kehadirat Allah Subuhanahu Wa Ta'ala. yang
telah memberikan hidayah-Nya, sehingga laporan ini dapat di selesaikan.
Laporan ini di susun untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan lulus praktikum
Fisika Dasar.
Dalam kesempatan ini ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi -
tingginya, penyusun menyampaikan kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu
dalam penyelesaian laporan ini. Baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung
yakni kepada :
1. Ibu Ir. Darnengsih,S T.,M T., IPP. selaku Kepala Laboratorium Fisika Dasar
Fakultas Teknologi IndustriUniversitas Muslim Indonesia.
2. Bapak Ir. Syamsul,S. T.,M. T., selaku Koordinator Laboratorium Fisika
Dasar Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Muslim Indonesia.
3. Bapak Ir. Nur Ikhwan Saputra., ST.,MT selaku Dosen mata kuliah Fisika
Dasar.
4. Kakak – kakak Asisten yang telah membimbing kami dengan baik.
5. Teman – teman seperjuangan Jurusan Teknik Industri angkatan 2020.
6. Orang Tua tercinta yang telah mendukung secara moral maupun secara
materi.
Semoga Allah Subuhanahu Wa Ta'ala memberikan hikmah atas amal
ibadah dan bantuan yang di berikan dengan ikhlas serta limpahan rahmat dan
karunia-Nya yang senantiasa tercurahkan kepada kita. Penulis mengharapkan
adanya kritik dan saran membangun atas laporan ini demi kebaikan penulis
pribadi dan pembaca secara umum.
Billahi Taufik Walhidayah, Wassalamu Alaikum Warahmatullahi
Wabarakatuh.
Makassar, 1 Mei 2021

Penyusun

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 DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul.................................................................................................... i
Halaman Pengesahan......................................................................................... ii
Kata Pengantar.................................................................................................. iii
Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................ iv
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. ix
Daftar Tabel....................................................................................................... xi
Daftar Grafik................................................................................................... xiii
Daftar Rumus................................................................................................... viii
Jenis-jenis Percobaan
I. Modulus Puntir
Bab I Pendahuluan ........................................................................................2
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................2
1.2 Tujuan Percobaan ........................................................................3
Bab II Landasan Teori ...................................................................................4
2.1 Pengertian Modulus Puntir ...........................................................4
2.2 Puntiran .......................................................................................10
2.3 Diagram Tegangan Regangan .....................................................10
2.4 Tegangan ....................................................................................12
2.5 Regangan ....................................................................................12
2.6 Puntiran Poros Berpenampang Lingkaran ..................................13
Bab III Prosedur Percobaan ...........................................................................15
3.1 Alat dan Bahan............................................................................15
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ............................................................................15
Bab IV Tabel Pengamatan .............................................................................17
4.1 Tabel Pengamatan I ....................................................................17
4.2 Tabel Pengamatan II ...................................................................17
4.3 Tabel pengamatan III ..................................................................17
Bab V Pengolahan Data ...............................................................................19
5.1 Perhitungan Modulus Puntir .......................................................19
5.2 Diameter Rata-rata Batang .........................................................21

iv
 5.3 Hasil Panjang Batang ..................................................................23
5.4 Nilai Hasil ..............................................................................26
Bab VI Analisa Pengolahan Data...................................................................27
6.1 Tabel Hasil Pengolahan Data ......................................................27
6.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................27
II Konstanta Gaya Pegas
Bab I Pendahuluan .......................................................................................29
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................29
1.2 tujuan Percobaan .........................................................................30
Bab II Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................................31
2.1 Penertian Pegas dan Konstanta Pegas .........................................31
2.2 Hukum Hooke .............................................................................31
2.3 Susuna Pegas ...............................................................................33
2.4 Elastisitas ....................................................................................35
2.5 Tegangan .....................................................................................35
2.6 Regangan ....................................................................................35
2.7 Modulus Elastisitas .....................................................................35
2.8 Energi Potensial Pegas ................................................................36
2.9 Gerak Harmonik Sederhana ........................................................37
2.10 Getaran Pada Pegas ...................................................................38
2.11 Manfaat Gaya Pegas Dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari ................39
2.12 Prinsip Hukum Hooke ..............................................................41
Bab III Prosedur Kerja ...................................................................................42
3.1 Alat dan Bahan............................................................................42
3.2 Prosedur kerja .............................................................................42
Bab IV Tabel Pengamatan .............................................................................44
4.1 Tabel Pengamatan I ....................................................................44
4.2 Tabel Pengamatan II ...................................................................44
Bab V Pengolahan Data ................................................................................46
5.1 Perhitungan Nilai Konstanta Pegas (Statis) ................................46
5.2 Perhitungan Nilai Konstanta Pegas (Dinamis) ..........................50

v
 Bab VI Analisa Pengolahan Data...................................................................56
6.1 Hasil Pengolahan Data (Statis) ...................................................56
6.2 Hasil Pengolahan Data (Dinamis) ..............................................56
6.3 Pembahasan ................................................................................56
III Viskositas Fluida
Bab I Pendahuluan ......................................................................................58
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................58
1.2 Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................................59
Bab II Tinjauan Pustaka ...............................................................................60
2.1 Viskositas ....................................................................................60
2.2 Fluida .........................................................................................62
Bab III Prosedur Kerja ..................................................................................70
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ...........................................................................70
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ...........................................................................71
Bab IV Tabel Pengamatan .............................................................................72
4.1 Tabel Pengamatan I ...................................................................72
Bab V Pengolahan Data ..............................................................................74
5.1 Menghitung Hubungan t Terhadap L .........................................74
5.2 Menghitung hubungan tr1 terhadap L ........................................74
5.3 Menentukan Massa Jenis Bola dan Massa Jenis Fluida .............75
5.4 Menentukan Nilai Viskositas (ɳ) ...............................................75
Bab VI Analisa Pengolahan Data ..................................................................77
6.1 Hasil Pengolahan Data ................................................................77
6.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................77
IV Poligon Gaya
Bab I Pendahuluan ......................................................................................79
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................79
1.2 Tujuan Percobaan .......................................................................80
Bab II Tinjauan Pusataka ..............................................................................81
2.1 Pengertian Gaya ..........................................................................81
2.2 Vektor .........................................................................................86

vi
 2.3 Poligon ........................................................................................89
2.4 Manfaat Poligon Dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari .........................92
2.5 Kegunaan Poligon .......................................................................92
2.6 Syarat dan Ketentuan Poligon .....................................................92
Bab III Prosedur Percobaan ...........................................................................93
3.1 Alat dan Bahan............................................................................93
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ............................................................................93
Bab IV Tabel Pengamatan .............................................................................94
4.1 Tabel Pengamatan I ....................................................................94
4.2 Tabel Pengamatan II ...................................................................94
Bab V Pengolahan Data ...............................................................................96
5.1 Perhtiungan Secara Matematika .................................................96
Bab VI Analisa Pengolahan Data.................................................................101
6.1 Hasil Pengolahan Data I ...........................................................101
6.2 Hasil Pengolahan Data II ..........................................................101
6.3 Pembahasan ..............................................................................101
V Pesawat Atwood
Bab I Pendahuluan ....................................................................................103
1.1 Latar Balakang ..........................................................................103
1.2 Tujuan Percoabaan ....................................................................104
Bab II Tinjauan Pustaka ..............................................................................105
2.1 Dasar Teori ................................................................................105
2.2 Gerak ......... ..............................................................................109
2.3 Gerak Transisi ...........................................................................109
2.4 Gerak Rotasi .............................................................................113
2.5 Hukum Gravitasi .......................................................................114
2.6 Hukum Newton .........................................................................114
2.7 Pesawaat Atwood Digital..........................................................114
2.8 Percepatan .................................................................................116
2.9 Momentum Inersia ....................................................................116
2.10 Percepatan Gravitasi ...............................................................117

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 Bab III Prosedur Percobaan .........................................................................118
3.1 Alat dan Bahan..........................................................................118
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ..........................................................................118
Bab IV Tabel Pengamatan ...........................................................................120
4.1 Tabel Pengamatan ....................................................................120
Bab V Pengolahan Data .............................................................................121
5.1 Menentukan ƩTbcn ...................................................................121
5.2 Menentukan ƩTban ..................................................................121
5.3 Menghitung Nilai Percepatan dan Percepatan Gravitasi ..........121
Bab VI Analisa Pengolahan Data.................................................................123
6.1 Hasil Pengolahan Data ..............................................................123
6.2 Pembahasan ..............................................................................123
Penutup
A.Kesimpulan...................................................................................................... xiv
B.Saran.................................................................................................................. xv
C.AyatyangBerhubugan....................................................................................... xvi
Daftar Pustaka
Lampiran
Nomenklatur
Lembar Asistensi
Biografi

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

I Modulus Puntir
1.2.1 Gambar Poros yang Mengalami Puntiran ................................................7
1.2.2 Gambar Batang silinder ...........................................................................8
1.2.3 Gambar Alat Modulus Puntir ...................................................................9
1.2.4 Gambar Diagram Tegangan Regangan ..................................................11
II Konstanta Gaya Pegas
2.2.1 Gambar Susunan Seri Pegas ..................................................................34
2.2.2 Gambar Susunan Paralel Pegas ..............................................................34
2.2.3 Gambar Getaran Pada Pegas ..................................................................36
2.2.4 Gambar Besar Energi Potensial Pegas ...................................................37
2.2.5 Gambar Getaran Pada Pegas ..................................................................39
III Viskositas Fluida
3.2.1 Gambar Fluida yang Mengalir di Sebuah Pipa ......................................65
3.2.2 Gambar Gaya yang Bekerja ...................................................................67
3.2.3 Gambar Pada Benda Tenggelam ............................................................78
3.2.4 Gambar Pada Benda Melayang ..............................................................79
3.2.5 Gambar Benda Terapung .......................................................................79
IV Poligon Gaya
4.2.1 Gambar Gaya Tarik Menarik .................................................................82
4.2.2 Gambar Vektor.......................................................................................87
4.2.3 Gambar Metode Jajar Genjang ..............................................................88
4.2.4 Gambar Penjumlahan Metode Segitiga .................................................88
4.2.5 Gambar Metode Segitiga ......................................................................88
4.2.6 Gambar Poligon Tertutup ......................................................................89
4.2.7 Gambar Poligon Terbuka .......................................................................90
4.2.8 Gambar Poligon Bercabang ...................................................................91
4.2.9 Gambar Poligon Kombinasi ...................................................................91
V Pesawat Atwood
5.2.1 Gambar Pesawat Atwood .....................................................................107

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5.2.2 Gambar GLBB Dipercepat...................................................................111
5.2.3 Gambar GLBB Dipercepat...................................................................111
5.2.4 Gambar GLBB Diperlambat................................................................112
5.2.5 Gambar GLBB Diperlambat................................................................112

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 DAFTAR TABEL
I Modulus Puntir
1.4.1 Tabel 1....................................................................................................17
1.4.2 Tabel 2....................................................................................................17
1.4.3 Tabel 3....................................................................................................17
1.5.1 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan 1......................................................................19
1.5.2 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan 2......................................................................21
1.5.3 Tabel Hasil Perhtiungan 3......................................................................23
1.5.4 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan 4......................................................................24
1.5.5 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan 5......................................................................26
1.6.1 Tabel 1....................................................................................................27
1.6.2 Tabel 2 ...................................................................................................27
II Konstanta Gaya Pegas
2.4.1 Tabel Keadaan Statis..............................................................................44
2.4.2 Tabel Keadaan Dinamis.........................................................................44
2.5.1 Tabel Hubungan Simpangan..................................................................48
2.5.2 Tabel Hubungan X dan Y......................................................................48
2.5.3 Tabel Hubungan Periode dan Massa......................................................51
2.5.4 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan.........................................................................52
2.5.5 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan.........................................................................53
2.6.1 Tabel Hasil Pengolahan Data Statis.......................................................56
2.6.2 Tabel Hasil Pengolahan Data Dinamis..................................................56
III Viskositas Fluida
3.4.1 Tabel 1....................................................................................................72
3.6.1 Tabel Hasil Pengolahan Data.................................................................77
IV Poligon Gaya
4.4.1 Tabel 1....................................................................................................94
4.4.2 Tabel 2....................................................................................................94
4.5.1 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan 1......................................................................99
4.5.2 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan 2....................................................................100
4.6.1 Tabel 1..................................................................................................101

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 4.6.2 Tabel 2..................................................................................................101
V Pesawat Atwood
5.4.1 Tabel 1..................................................................................................120
5.5.1 Tabel Hasil Pengolahan Data...............................................................123

xii
 DAFTAR GRAFIK
I Poligon Gaya
4.5.1 Grafik Poligon Tabel 1.........................................................................100
4.5.2 Grafik Poligon Tabel 2.........................................................................100

xiii
MODULUS PUNTIR