Pd
ANALISIS KESALAHAN
PENGGUNAAN
BAHASA INGGRIS
DA L A M T E R J E M A H A N
Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Inggris dalam Terjemahan
© Sanabil 2019
Judul : Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Inggris
dalam Terjemahan
Penulis : Dr. Syarifudin, M.Pd
Editor : Dr. Hj. Nurul Lailatul Husniyah, M.Pd
Layout : Sanabil Creative
Desain Cover : Husnul Khatimah
Sanabil
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KATA PENGANTAR
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Bab 1 PENDAHULUAN................................................... 1
15 James, op.cit., p. 1.
16 James, loc. cit.
20 | Dr. Syarifudin, M.Pd.
kesalahan dalam bahasa lisan, tetapi dalam hal ini dapat
juga diasosiasikan dengan analisis pada kesalahan bahasa
tertulis. Kedua pernyataan yang dikemukakan oleh Jame
ini dapat diasumsikan bahwa analisis kesalahan bahasa
merupakan kajian tentang kesalahan bahasa yang dilakukan
oleh pembelajar bahasa untuk mengetahui sejauhmana
penguasaan mereka terhadap bahasa yang dipelajari.
Sementara Corder mengemukakan bahwa “analisis
kesalahan bahasa merupakan suatu aktivitas yang mengkaji
kesalahan-kesalahan yang dibuat oleh pembelajar bahasa
sasaran dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa sasaran
tersebut.”17 eknik pengkajian kesulitan dalam pembelajaran
bahasa kedua tentu berdasarkan bukti dari hasil yang dicapai
oleh pembelajar terhadap tujuan pembelajaran yang telah
ditetapkan, sehingga dapat diketahui pola, jenis, dan tingkat
kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran.
Pandangan lain juga dikemukakan oleh James bahwa,
“analisis kesalahan bahasa adalah kajian tentang pengabaian
linguistik, penyelidikan tentang apa yang tidak diketahui
oleh orang, dan bagaimana mereka berusaha untuk
mengatasi ketidatahuannya itu (error analysis is being the
study of linguistic ignorance, the investigation of what people do
not know and how they attempt to cope with their ignorance.)18
Dari apa yang dikemukakan oleh James ini, dapat dijelaskan
bahwa analisis kesalahan bahasa merupakan pengkajian
tentang ketidaktahuan linguistik yang dilakukan oleh
orang atau pembelajar bahasa sasaran. Hasil penyelidikan
17 Pit S. Corder, Error Analysis: Dalam J. P. Allen & Pit S. Corder (eds) The
Adnburg Course in Applied Linguistics. Vol. 5. (London: OUP, 1974) p. 122.
18 James, op. cit., p. 62.
Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Inggris dalam Terjemahan | 21
tersebut dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dan masukan kepada
pembelajar tentang jenis kesalahan yang telah mereka
lakukan sehingga pembelajar tersebut dapat mengatasi dan
memperbaiki sendiri kesalahannya Dalam pernyataan James
menggunakan istilah ketidaktahuan linguistik (linguistic
ignorance) dan apa yang orang tidak ketahui (what people do not
know), hal ini berarti kesalahan itu muncul karena seseorang
tidak mengetahui atau belum menguasai linguistik bahasa
sumber, sehingga mereka menggunakan sesuatu yang tidak
diketahui tersebut yang mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam
pemakaian bahasa atau kesalahan performansi.
B. Fungsi Analisis Kesalahan Bahasa
Melaksanakan penyelidikan atau analisis terhadap
kesalahan bahasa tentu ada fungsi dan manfaatnya dalam
pembelajaran bahasa, yaitu untuk memberikan umpan
balik yang berharga bagi pengajar dan pembelajar dalam
proses belajar mengajar, baik dari aspek teoretis maupun
aspek praktis. Corder menjelaskan dua fungsi tersebut yaitu,
“aspek teoretis analisis kesalahan bahasa adalah bagian dari
metodologi penyelidikan proses pembelajaran bahasa, dan
aspek praktis analisis kesalahan bahasa adalah berfungsi
sebagai panduan dalam tindakan remidial.” 19
Fungsi aspek teoretis analisis kesalahan bahasa yang
merupakan bagian dari metodologi penyelidikan proses
pembelajaran bahasa agar supaya menemukan sifat proses
pembelajaran tersebut secara psikologis. Dalam proses ini kita
harus mempunyai cara untuk menggambarkan pengetahuan
A. Pengertian Terjemahan
52 Ibid, p. 126.
53 Antar S. Abdellah, “What Every Notice Translator Should Know”, (http://
www. accurapid. com/journal/21novice.htm.)
54 Larson, op. cit., p. 534.
Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Inggris dalam Terjemahan | 49
bagi pembaca.
Dari semua prinsip terjemahan yang dikemukakan
di atas, belum tentu bisa diterapkan semuanya, karena
penerjemah tentu akan mengalami kesulitan sebab terkadang
satu sama lainnya bertolak belakang, tetapi penerjemah
boleh memilih mana yang paling tepat menurut selera
masing-masing.
2 Infinitive 20 66,67%
3 To Infinitive 12 40%
4 Adjective 13 43,33%
6 Adverb 3 10%
7 Conjunction 10 33,33%
18 To Be (am,is,are) 13 43,33%
19 Article 3 10%
Translation Task
Direction
1. Write your Name and Reg. Number (NIM) on the right
above of your answer sheet.
2. Translate the following texts into English by using
words, phrases, clauses, and sentences correctly.
3. Each text consists of different content, namely: (a) Text
1 About Popular Education, (b) Text 2 About English
Speaking.
4. Result of translation will be analyzed according to
English morphology, syntax, and semantics sphere.
5. Translation result of each student will be given point
in accordance with the student’s ability in translating
texts from Indonesian into English.
GOOD LUCK
The first prevent between you and what you want is 20 The only hindrance Ketidaktepatan penggu-naan kata
between you and… Semantik
support from other people. 'prevent'
The one hindrance between your and what you want is 22 The one hindrance
between you… Sintaksis Seharusnya Subject case ''you'
support from other people.
The first problem between you and what you need is 24,26,30 The first hindrance Ketidaktepatan pengguna
between you… Semantik
support from others. an kata 'problem'
Look with this methode. 15,30 Look with this way Ketidaktepatan pengguna
Semantik
an kata 'method'
Just take a look by this way. 16 Look with this way Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
Semantik
makna
17 Look with this way Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
Take a look at this. Semantik
makna
Look at this ilustration. 18 Look with this illustration. Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
Semantik
makna
Look this method. 22 Look with this way. Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
Semantik
makna
See this method. 23 See with this way. Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
Semantik
makna
24,26 See with this way. Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
You can see method. Semantik
makna
07 An executive depends on
Seorang eksekutif bergantung pada orang lain untuk
other people to execute
melaksanakan instruksinya.
his instruction.
A executive depend on support from other people for 3,3,3 An executive depends … Sintaksis Seharusnya article 'an', 3rd person
doing ^ instruction. his instruction. Morfologi singular 'depends' dan ' ada
Sintaksis 'possessive 'his'
An executive depend on other people to do his 4,6,7,8,9, An executive depends on Seharusnya 3rd person singular
10,23 other people … Morfologi
instruction. 'depends'
5,5,5 An executive depends on Sintaksis
Penghilangan article 'an',
^ eksekutive depend on others to do his instruction. others to do his Semantik
ketidaktepatan kata 'eksekutive' dan
instruction. Morfologi
seharusnya 'depends'
An executive hang to another person for bring about his 11,11 An executive depends
Ketidaktepatan penggunaan kata
instruction. …for executing about his Semantik
'hang' dan 'bring'
instruction.
An executor depend on other people to bring about his 12,12,12 An executive depends Seharusnya 'depends', dan
Morfologi
instruction. …to execute about his ketidaktepatan kata 'executor' dan
Semantik
instruction. 'bring'
14,14 An executive depends on
An executive depend on other people to apply his Morfologi Seharusnya 3rd person singular
other people to execute his
instruction. Semantik 'depends', kata 'apply' tidak tepat
instruction.
15,15,15 An executive depends … Ketidaktepatan penggu-naan kata
An executive hanging to other people to doing the Semantik
to do his instruction. 'hanging', seharusnya infinitive 'do'
instruction. Sintaksis
dan possessive 'his'
An executive dependes on other persons to follow his 16 An executive … to Ketidaktepatan penggunaan kata
execute his instruction Semantik
or her instruction 'follow'
An executive rely on someone to implement his 17,17 An executive depends on Ketidaktepatan penggunaan kata
other people… Semantik
instruction. 'rely' dan 'someone'
The writers depend on other people to read what they 12 … what they had written
Morfologi Seharusnya past participle 'written'
had wrote
15,15,15,1 The writers depend on … Morfologi Seharusnya plural 'writers', kata
The writer hanging out to other people for reading what
5 for reading what they have Sintaksis 'depend', subject 'they' dan past
his write
written Semantik participle 'written'
Writer depend on the reader to read what they have 17,28 Writers depend on reader
… Morfologi Seharusnya plural 'writers'
written
The writers depent from the readers to read his problem 24 The writers … to read Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
what they have written Semantik
on the office makna
26 The writers … to read Ketidaktepatan dalam pengungkapan
The writers depend from the readers to read his problem what they have written Semantik
makna
14 Now this is time to
Sekarang inilah waktunya untuk bertanya. ask/this is its time to ask.
4 … to ask
Now this is time to asking. Sintaksis Seharusnya infinitive 'ask'
5 … to ask
Now its time to asked Sintaksis Seharusnya infinitive 'ask'
9 … for giving the question Seharusnya 'giving' as present
Now it is the time for give the question Morfologi
participle
11,22 … for asking. Seharusnya 'asking' as present
Now this is time for ask. Morfologi
participle.
If I depend on other people to achieve success who I 4,23 … to achieve success that
Sintaksis Seharusnya relative pronoun 'that'
Nomor
No. Kesalahan Seharusnya
Informan
1 7,9 not his employee not his employees
2 15 not his worker not his workers
3 4,8,10,12 politician politicians
3, 4, 5, 8, 9,
4 the writer the writers
15,17, 28, 29
1, 5, 9, 11, afraid of making afraid of making
5 17, 20 mistake mistakes
mistake are the second mistakes are the second
6 9,11,22 consideration consideration
you will realise your you will realise your
7 3,20 mistake mistakes
you can use the you can use these
8 1,5,20 mistake mistakes
9 1,5 for caertain purpose for certain purposes
there are certain there are certain
10 11 objective objectives
11 17 your friend your friends
Nomor
No. Kesalahan Seharusnya
Responden
Positif thinking about Right thinking obout
1 5,6,5
other one other people
Good think about Right thinking obout
2 11,11,11
other people other people
Thinking possitivelly Right thniking about other
3 17,16
about other people people
To think best about To think right about
4 22,22
another people another
Bacis principle to get Basic principle to get
5 2,2
succesfull success
6 3 to get luck to get success
7 16 The basic platform The basic rule
8 19 Foundation principal Basic principle
Base norm for be able
9 22 Base norm to get success
success
Basic method to get
10 24,24 Basic rule to get success
successful
The basic rule to get
11 30,30 The key to get success
success
12 3 Impresion in mind Inscribe in mind
Scratch it in your
13 7,9,11,20 Inscribe it in your mind
mind
Underline in your
14 8 Inscribe in your mind
mind
14, 15, 16, 21,
15 Write in your mind Inscribe in your mind
27
17 25 Put in your mind Inscribe in your mind
The effective
That evective communicative communication to
42 11 for speak increase skill is oral increase speaking
communication ability is oral
communication
The effective
Communication which
communication to
efective to use to increase the
43 14 increase speaking
ability of speaking is direct
ability is oral
communication
communication
The effective
The effective of communication communication to
44 22 which develop our speaker increase speaking
competence is oral speak ability is oral
communication
Because in oral
Because in the communicative
communication
45 24 practice the are speaker and
there are speaker
listener
and listener
2. Kesalahan ‘Infinitive’
No.
Frekuensi Kesalahan Jumlah
Info.
1 XX 2
2 XX 2
3 XXX 3
4 XX 2
5 XXXXXXXXX 9
6 X 1
8 X 1
9 X 1
10 X 1
11 XX 2
12 X 1
15 XX 2
16 X 1
17 XX 2
18 X 1
20 X 1
23 XXX 3
26 X 1
4. Kesalahan ‘Adjective’
No.
Frekuensi Kesalahan Jumlah
Info.
6 X 1
7 XXXX 4
10 X 1
12 X 1
13 X 1
15 X 1
17 X 1
19 XX 2
20 XXX 3
24 XXXX 4
26 XXX 3
5. Kesalahan ‘Preposition’
No.
Frekuensi Kesalahan Jumlah
Info.
3 X 1
6 X 1
9 XX 2
12 X 1
16 X 1
23 X 1
24 X 1
30 X 1
Jumlah: 8 Info. (26,67%) 9
6. Kesalahan ‘Adverb’
No.
Frekuensi Kesalahan Jumlah
Info.
2 X 1
3 X 1
8 X 1
Jumlah: 3 Info. (10%) 3
7. Kesalahan ‘Conjunction’
No.
Frekuensi Kesalahan Jumlah
Info.
3 X 1
5 XXX 3
6 X 1
7 X 1
9 XX 2
12 X 1
13 X 1
16 XX 1
20 X 1