KONSTRUKSI
Disusun oleh :
Kelompok 12
Istifaiyah 1432200125
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
2023
i
PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KELOMPOK
ii
LEMBAR BIMBINGAN
PRAKTIKUM KONSTRUKSI
1 Jum’at, 05
Mei 2023
iii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan rahmat, taufik
serta hidayah-Nya kepada kami, sehingga pada kesempatan ini kami dapat menyelesaikan
“Laporan Praktikum Konstruksi” dengan baik dan tepat waktu.
Pada kesempatan ini, kami mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang
telah membantu dan terlibat dalam proses penyusunan “Laporan Praktikum Konstruksi” ini,
di antaranya :
Akhir kata, kami berharap semoga Laporan Praktikum Konstruksi ini bermanfaat bagi
kita semua, khususnya kami sebagai penulis dan umumnya bagi pembaca.
Penyusun
iv
DAFTAR ISI
BAB I PUNTIR
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Landasan Teori ............................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat ...................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Alat dan Bahan Percobaan ............................................................................................ 2
1.5 Prosedur Percobaan ...................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Pengolahan Data ........................................................................................................... 6
1.7 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................. 13
BAB II POISSON
2.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................ 14
2.2 Landasan Teori ........................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat .................................................................................................... 15
2.4 Alat dan Bahan Percobaan .......................................................................................... 15
2.5 Prosedur Percobaan .................................................................................................... 16
2.6 Pengolahan Data ......................................................................................................... 17
2.7 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................. 24
v
3.7 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................. 39
BAB IV EULLER/TEKUK
4.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................ 40
4.2 Landasan Teori ........................................................................................................... 40
4.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat .................................................................................................... 41
4.4 Alat dan Bahan Percobaan .......................................................................................... 41
4.5 Prosedur Percobaan .................................................................................................... 42
4.6 Pengolahan Data ......................................................................................................... 43
4.7 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................. 71
BAB V PENUTUP
vi
BAB I
PUNTIR
1
pada tegangan pipa, sebuah sumbu prinsip pipa dibuat saling tegak lurus. (Sumber : Yayuk,
Nur. 2018)
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat
Tujuan:
1. untuk mengetahui perilaku suatu material saat mengalami torsi (torsi adalah gaya
putar yang diberikan pada material).
2. untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gaya torsi (T) dengan sudut torsi (θ).
3. untuk mengetahui nilai modulus geser (G) dari material.
4. untuk mengetahui pengaruh geometri material terhadap kekuatan torsi yang dapat
ditahan.
Manfaat:
1. dapat mengetahui kualitas material yang akan digunakan untuk aplikasi yang
melibatkan gaya putar, seperti pada poros atau roda gigi.
2. dapat mengetahui cara melakukan pengujian torsi pada material menggunakan alat
yang sesuai.
3. dapat mengetahui cara menganalisis hasil pengujian torsi dan menginterpretasikan
data yang diperoleh untuk memilih material yang tepat untuk aplikasi tertentu.
4. dapat meningkatkan pemahaman tentang sifat-sifat mekanik material dan peranannya
dalam aplikasi teknik.
2. Jangka Sorong
2
3. Kunci Inggris
4. Kunci L
5. Dial
6. Meteran
3
7. Spidol
Gambar 1.1 Pengukuran Terhadap Benda Uji Menggunakan Meteran Dan Jangka Sorong
4
2. Pasang besi penjepit pada benda uji, kunci dengan baut dan kencangkan dengan kunci L.
Gambar 1.2 Memasang Besi Penjepit Pada Benda Uji Lalu Kencangkan
3. Siapkan alat pemutir Dan potongan kayu lalu pasang batang benda uji yang sudah
terpasang kuat dengan besi penjepit pada alat pemutir, keraskan.
Gambar 1.3 Pemasang Potongan Kayu Di Antara Benda Uji Di Besi Penjepit
5. Pemasangan benda uji & setting alat telah selesai, tinggal pengujian dan
pengambilan data.
5
Gambar 1.5 Pengujian Dan Pengambilan Data
Perhitungan data :
No. Benda Uji 1
L : 160 cm
L1 : 80 cm
A : 63 cm
B : 50 cm (500 mm)
6
Rata-rata : 0.8 cm
Perhitungan Delta Δ
Δ = Pembacaan dial sebelum pembebanan – pembacaan dial sesudah pembebanan x 0.1
(merubah ke cm) x 0.01 (skala dial indikator)
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 4423 → Δ = (4726 – 4423) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 0.303
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 4033 → Δ = (4726 – 4033) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 0.693
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 3279 → Δ = (4726 – 3279) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 1.447
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 1770 → Δ = (4726 – 1770) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 2.956
w (kg) Δ (mm)
250 0.303
500 0.693
1000 1.447
2000 2.956
B = 50 cm
1
Ip =
32
x π x rata rata
1
= x 3.14 x 0.84 = 0.040192
32
T =wxa
2 x 63 = 126 kg.cm
7
Δ = perubahan panjang
0.303 0.372
0.693 0.721
1.447 1.106
2.956 2.235
Δ
λ =
𝑏
0.303
= 0.00606
50
0.693
= 0.01386
50
1.447
= 0.02894
50
2.956
= 0.05912
50
T x L1
G =
4 𝑥 𝐼𝑝 𝑥 λ
15.75 x 80
= 0.07596288
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.0060
31.5 x 80
= 0.350948506
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.01386
63 x 80
= 1.465577165
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.02894
126 x 80
= 5.987900621
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.05912
8
Tabel 1.3 Perhitungan Puntir Percobaan 1
W
T (kg/cm) λ (mm) G (kg/cm3) (G-G rata-rata)2
(kg)
S 1.3725
(𝐺 −𝐺 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎)2
S =√
𝑛−1
5.651668028
= √ 4−1
= 1.3725
G = G rata-rata - 1.64 x S
= -0.280802707
Dikarenakan standar deviasi terlalu besar pada percobaan 1, maka dipakai G rata-rata
1.970097293 kg/cm2.
DATA PERCOBAAN 2
Panjang besi : 180 cm
Diameter besi : - Ujung kanan : 0.8 cm
9
- Ujung kiri : 0.8 cm
- Tengah : 0.8 cm
Perhitungan data :
No. Benda Uji 2
L : 180 cm
L1 : 90 cm
A : 62 cm
B : 51 cm (510 mm)
Rata-rata : 0.08 cm
Perhitungan Delta Δ
Δ = Pembacaan dial sebelum pembebanan – pembacaan dial sesudah pembebanan x 0.1
(merubah ke cm) x 0.01 (skala dial indikator)
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 4168 → Δ = (4540 – 4168) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 0.372
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 3819 → Δ = (4540 – 3819) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 0.721
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 3434 → Δ = (4540 – 3434) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 1.106
10
Pembacaan Dial Indikator = 2305 → Δ = (4540 – 2305) x 0.1 x 0.01 = 2.235
w (kg) Δ (mm)
250 0.372
500 0.721
1000 1.106
2000 2.235
A = 62 cm
B = 51 cm
1
Ip =
32
x π x rata rata
1
x 3.14 x 0.84 = 0.040192
32
T =wxa
0.25 x 62 = 15.5 kg.cm
0.5 x 62 = 31 kg.cm
1 x 62 = 62 kg.cm
2 x 62 = 124 kg.cm
Δ = perubahan panjang
0.303 0.372
0.693 0.721
1.447 1.106
2.956 2.235
Δ
λ =
𝑏
0.372
= 0.00729
51
11
0.721
= 0.01413
51
1.106
= 0.02168
51
2.235
= 0.04382
51
T x L1
G =
4 𝑥 𝐼𝑝 𝑥 λ
15.5 x 80
= 0.090829901
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.00729
31 x 80
= 0.352106035
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.01413
62 x 80
= 1.080489574
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.02168
124 x 80
= 4.367809331
4 𝑥 0.040192 𝑥 0.04382
S 0.9874
(𝐺 −𝐺 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎)2
S =√
𝑛−1
12
2.925195704
S =√
4−1
= 0.9874
G = G rata-rata - 1.64 x S
= -0.14652729
Dikarenakan standar deviasi terlalu besar pada percobaan 1, maka dipakai G rata-rata
1.47280871 kg/cm2.
Keterangan :
• L = Panjang Besi
• L1 = Panjang besi antara perletakan
• W = Beban (kg)
• b = Panjang Lengan Dial Indicator (cm)
• a = Panjang Lengan Tekan (cm)
• ∆ = Perubahan Panjang (cm)
• T = Momen Torsi (kg.cm)
• G = Modulus Guling Puntir (kg/cm²)
• Ip = Momen Inersia Polar (cm4)
• λ = Sudut Puntir
1.7 Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dan pembahasan dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut
Semakin besar massa benda yang di ukur, maka semakin besar pula sudut yang
terbentuk.
Modulus puntir juga merupaka modulus geser yang mempunyai persamaan dengan
modulus yang lain.
Untuk modulus puntir momen yang bekerja disana adalah momen pada batang statip.
13
BAB II
POISSON
𝜇 =
𝜀
Dimana :
𝜇 = angka poisson
𝜀ℎ = regangan horizontal (lateral strain)
𝜀𝑣 = regangan vertikal (axial strain)
14
2.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat
Tujuan :
1. Mengamati perilaku material fleksibel dan tentukan pengaruh tegangan terhadap
deformasi material.
2. Menentukan hubungan antara momen lentur dan sudut putar (θ) pada suatu bahan
yang mengalami tekukan.
3. Hitung nilai modulus elastisitas (E) pada bahan yang mengalami tekukan.
4. Memahami prinsip dasar pengujian kekuatan material.
Manfaat :
1. Mampu memahami konsep dasar sifat mekanik material, khususnya yang berkaitan
dengan kekuatan lentur.
2. Pengetahuan tentang penggunaan alat dan perlengkapan untuk menguji sifat mekanik
material dalam kondisi lentur.
3. Dapat melatih keterampilan dalam mencatat data hasil tes, melakukan analisis data
dan melaporkan hasil tes.
4. Hasil percobaan dapat digunakan untuk memilih bahan yang tepat untuk penggunaan
tertentu dan meningkatkan kualitas produk yang menggunakan bahan tersebut.
2. Jangka sorong
15
3. Spidol
4. Penggaris
5. Pengukur Dial
6. Kayu
16
2.5 Prosedur Percobaan
1. Kayu yang akan diujikan diukur dengan menggunakan jangka sorong, kemudian Hasil
pengukuran dimasukkan kedalam tabel data.
2. Kemudian kayu yang akan di uji ditekan menggunakan alat yang telah dipersiapkan
searah longitudinal secara bertahap.
3. Setelah kayu ditekan maka dilakukan kembali pengukuran panjang, lebar dan tinggi
pada kayu tersebut setiap tahap penekanan.
4. Setelah kayu sekiranya mengalami kerusakan maka penekanan terhadap kayu tersebut
dihentikan.
17
Tabel 2.2 Pembacaan Dial Penurunan 1
18
60 252 5.43 3.05
70 277 5.43 3.08
80 300 5.43 3.10
90 323 5.43 3.14
100 342 5.43 3.15
19
Jadi : Lp = L0 – (SDn x 0.01)
L10 = 100 – (108 x 0.01) = 98.92 mm
L20 = 100 – (161 x 0.01) = 98.39 mm
ΔL = L0 – Li ΔB = B0 – Bi ΔT = T0 – Ti
ΔL ΔB ΔT
εL = εB = εT =
L0 B0 T0
20
Contoh perhitungan εL, εB, εT pada beban 10 pada kayu 1 :
L0 = 100 mm ; L10 = 98.92 mm → ΔL = 100 – 98.92 = 1.08 mm
B0 = 54.1 mm ; B10 = 53.7 mm → ΔB = 54.1 – 53.7 = 0.4 mm
T0 = 27.9 mm ; T10 = 28.2 mm → ΔT = 27.9 – 28.2 = -0.03 mm
εL = ΔL / L0 εB = ΔB / B0 εT = ΔT / T0
= 1.08 / 100 = 0.4 / 54.1 = -0.03 / 27.9
= 0.0108 = 0.0073937153419 = -0.0107
εL = ΔL / L0 εB = ΔB / B0 εT = ΔT / T0
= 1.07 / 100 = 0.9 / 55 = -0.04 / 29
= 0.0107 = 0.016363636 = -0.0137
εL = ΔL / L0 εB = ΔB / B0 εT = ΔT / T0
= 0.55 / 100 = -4 / 50 = -0.05 / 27.9
= 0.0055 = -0.08 = -0.0179
21
= -0.155508
V1 = 0.016363636 / 0.0107
= 1.529311776
V2 = -0.0137 / 0.0107
= -1.28907509
V rata = (1.529311776 + (-1.28907509)) / 2
= 0.12011836
V1 = 0.08 / 0.0055
= 14.54545455
V2 = -0.0179 / 0.0055
= -3.25839036
V rata = (14.54545455 + (-3.25839036)) / 2
= -8.9019225
22
Perhitungan Poisson pada Kayu 1
Kalibrasi Alat = 51.53 lbs/div
Beban Plat = 314 gr = 0.314 kg
1 lbs = 0.454 kg
10 108 515.614 98.92 53.7 28.2 0.0108 0.0073 -0.0107 0.6846 -0.9956 -0.1555
20 161 1030.914 98.39 54.1 28.4 0.0161 0.0000 -0.0179 0.000 -1.1131 -0.5565
30 214 1546.214 97.86 54.7 28.7 0.0214 -0.0110 -0.0286 -0.5182 -1.3398 -0.9290
40 265 2061,514 97.35 54.7 29.2 0.0265 -0.0110 -0.0465 -0.4185 -1.7583 -1.0884
1 50 305 2576.914 96.95 54.8 29.4 0.0305 -0.0129 -0.0537 -0.7193 -1.7627 -1.0934
60 331 3092.114 96.69 54.8 29.5 0.0331 -0.0129 -0.0573 -0.3909 -1.7325 -1.0617
70 358 3607.414 96.42 54.8 30.1 0.0358 -0.0129 -0.0788 -0.3614 -2.2023 -1.2820
80 386 4122.714 96.14 54.9 30.2 0.0386 -0.0147 -0.0824 -0.3830 -2.1345 -1.2593
90 412 4638.014 95.88 54.9 30.4 0.0412 -0.0147 -0.0896 -0.3589 -2.1748 -1.2669
100 446 5153.314 95.54 55 30.5 0.0446 -0.0166 -0.0931 -0.3730 -2.0894 -1.2312
Voisson 1 -0.9924
10 117 515.614 98.93 54.1 29.4 0.0107 0.0163 -0.0137 1.5293 -1.2890 0.1201
20 162 1030.914 98.38 54.1 29.5 0.0162 0.0163 -0.0172 1.0101 -1.0642 -0.0270
30 177 1546.214 98.23 54.1 29.7 0.0177 0.0163 -0.0241 0.9244 -1.3637 -0.2196
40 200 2061,514 98 54.3 29.8 0.02 0.0127 -0.0275 0.6363 -1.3793 -0.3714
2 50 227 2576.914 97.73 54.3 29.9 0.0227 0.0127 -0.0310 0.5606 -1.3671 -0.4032
60 252 3092.114 97.48 54.3 30.5 0.0252 0.0127 -0.0517 0.5050 -2.0525 -0.7737
23
70 277 3607.414 97.23 54.3 30.8 0.0277 0.0127 -0.0620 0.5606 -2.2407 -0.8906
90 323 4638.014 96.77 54.3 31.4 0.0323 0.0127 -0.0827 0.3940 -2.5621 -1.0840
100 342 5153.314 96.58 54.3 31.5 0.0342 0.0127 -0.0862 0.3721 0.3721 0.3721
Voisson 1 -0.42149
40 135 2061,514 98.65 54 29.5 0.0135 -0.08 -0.0573 -5.9259 -4.2479 -5.0869
3 50 165 2576.914 98.35 54 30.2 0.0165 -0.08 -0.0824 -0.4848 -4.9961 -4.9223
60 196 3092.114 98.04 54.3 30.4 0.0196 -0.086 -0.0896 -0.4387 -4.5717 -4.4797
70 224 3607.414 97.76 54.3 30.5 0.0224 -0.086 -0.0931 -3.8392 -4.1602 -3.9997
80 249 4122.714 97.51 54.9 30.8 0.0243 -0.098 -0.1039 -4.0329 -4.1744 -4.0550
90 272 4638.014 97.28 54.9 30.9 0.0272 -0.098 -0.1075 -3.6029 -3.9531 -3.7780
100 294 5153.314 97.06 55 31 0.0294 0.1 -0.1111 -3.4013 -3.7792 -3.5903
Voisson 1 -5.0866
2.7 Kesimpulan
24
BAB III
BENDING
25
Pada Uji bending juga menggunakan konsep momen dan gaya reaksi. Gaya momen
adalah gaya pada suatu benda yang memutar atau membengkokkan benda tersebut.
Sedangkan, Reaksi adalah gaya yang bekerja pada suatu objek sebagai respons terhadap
momen yang bekerja pada objek. Uji bending mengukur gaya momen dan gaya reaksi untuk
menentukan kekuatan dan kemampuan material menahan beban.
Dengan memahami teori dasar di atas, uji bending dapat dihubungkan dengan
mengukur momen dan gaya reaksi yang bekerja pada bahan yang diberi gaya. Dari hasil
pengujian dapat ditentukan kekakuan, modulus elastisitas dan kemampuan bahan menahan
beban tertentu. Selain itu, hasil percobaan juga dapat digunakan untuk memilih material
yang tepat untuk aplikasi tertentu. (Sumber : Muhammad, Burhanuddin. 2014)
Manfaat :
1. Dapat mengetahui kualitas kayu
2. Dapat mengetahui menggunakan alat bending
3. Dapat mengetahui cara menganalisa dari data yang dicatat dalam hasil percobaan.
2. Meteran
26
3. Penggaris
4. Jangka Sorong
5. Kayu
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
3. Pasang benda uji kayu pada alat Bending pada posisi tanpa tegangan.
27
4. Tekan kayu dengan menggunakan alat Bending demi tahap.
5. Hitung perbedaan tinggi antara 5 titik bagian kayu dengan jangka sorong.
28
Kalibrasi Alat 29.25 lbs/div
P 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Titik Div Div Div Div Div Div Div
1 12.33 cm 12.27 cm 12.25 cm 12.21 cm 12.13 cm 12.04 cm 12.01 cm
2 12.42 cm 12.17 cm 11.93 cm 11.68 cm 11.46 cm 11.05 cm 10.91 cm
3 12.42 cm 12.04 cm 11.82 cm 11.32 cm 11.05 cm 10.61 cm 10.22 cm
4 12.52 cm 12.14 cm 12.05 cm 11.84 cm 11.52 cm 11.25 cm 11.14 cm
5 12.51 cm 12.47 cm 12.45 cm 12.42 cm 12.37 cm 12.34 cm 12.21 cm
P 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Titik Div Div Div Div Div Div Div
1 12.25 cm 12.21 cm 12.20 cm 12.17 cm 12.21 cm 12.07 cm 12.01 cm
2 12.13 cm 12.05 cm 11.74 cm 11.48 cm 11.19 cm 10.98 cm 10.47 cm
3 12.43 cm 11.97 cm 11.67 cm 10.93 cm 10.31 cm 986 cm 9.28 cm
4 12.53 cm 12.21 cm 11.79 cm 11.51 cm 11.08 cm 1057 cm 10.19 cm
5 12.44 cm 12.35 cm 12.17 cm 12.12 cm 12.04 cm 12.06 cm 11.78 cm
29
PERLETAKAN SENDI SENDI
P 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Titik Div Div Div Div Div Div Div
1 12.57 cm 12.49 cm 12.44 cm 12.40 cm 12.18 cm 12.03 cm 12.03 cm
2 12.35 cm 12.02 cm 11.75 cm 11.26 cm 10.82 cm 10.03 cm 9.86 cm
3 12.22 cm 11.81 cm 11.33 cm 10.50 cm 9.81 cm 9.45 cm 8.82 cm
4 12.41 cm 12.37 cm 11.97 cm 11.51 cm 11.07 cm 10.59 cm 10.19 cm
5 12.51 cm 12.50 cm 12.45 cm 12.32 cm 12.15 cm 12.21 cm 12.19 cm
30
Dial Proving Ring (8)
= 8 x 29.45 lbs/divisi
= 234 lbs (dari satuan lbs ini dirubah menjadi kg)
= 234 x 0.454
= 106.236 kg
𝟏
I = x˟ H3 x B
𝟏𝟐
Kayu 1
1
I = x 2.73 x 4.5
12
= 7.38
Kayu 2
1
I = x 2.53 x 4.9
12
= 6.38
Kayu 3
1
I = x 33 x 5
12
= 11.25
3. Menghitung Nilai ∆
∆ = Zo – Zi
31
Kayu 1
Titik Uji 1
Z0 = 12.33 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.33 – 12.33 =0
Z1 = 12.27 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.33 – 12.27 = 0.06
Z2 = 12.25 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.33 – 12.25 = 0.08
Z3 = 12.21 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.33 – 12.21 = 0.12
Z4 = 12.13 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.33 – 12.13 = 0.20
Z5 = 12.04 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.33 – 12.04 = 0.29
Z6 = 12.01 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.33 – 12.01 = 0.32
Titik Uji 2
Z0 = 12.42 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.42 – 12.42 =0
Z1 = 12.17 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.42 – 12.17 = 0.25
Z2 = 11.93 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.42 – 11.93 = 0.49
Z3 = 11.68 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.42 – 11.68 = 0.74
Z4 = 11.46 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.42 – 11.46 = 0.96
Z5 = 11.05 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.42 – 11.05 = 1.37
Z6 = 10.91 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.42 – 10.91 = 1.51
Titik Uji 3
Z0 = 12.42 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.42 – 12.42 =0
Z1 = 12.04 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.42 – 12.04 = 0.38
Z2 = 11.82 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.42 – 11.82 = 0.60
Z3 = 11.32 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.42 – 11.32 = 1.10
Z4 = 11.05 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.42 – 11.05 = 1.37
Z5 = 10.61 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.42 – 10.61 = 1.81
Z6 = 10.22 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.42 – 10.22 = 2.20
Titik Uji 4
Z0 = 12.52 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.52 – 12.52 =0
Z1 = 12.14 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.52 – 12.14 = 0.38
Z2 = 12.05 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.52 – 12.05 = 0.47
Z3 = 11.84 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.52 – 11.84 = 0.68
Z4 = 11.52 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.52 – 11.52 = 1.00
Z5 = 11.25 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.52 – 11.25 = 1.27
Z6 = 11.14 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.52 – 11.14 = 1.38
Titik Uji 5
Z0 = 12.51 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.51 – 12.51 =0
Z1 = 12.47 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.51 – 12.47 = 0.04
Z2 = 12.45 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.51 – 12.45 = 0.06
Z3 = 12.42 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.51 – 12.42 = 0.09
32
Z4 = 12.37 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.51 – 12.37 = 0.14
Z5 = 12.34 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.51 – 12.34 = 0.17
Z6 = 12.21 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.51 – 12.21 = 0.30
Kayu 2
Titik Uji 1
Z0 = 12.25 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.25 – 12.25 =0
Z1 = 12.21 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.25 – 12.21 = 0.04
Z2 = 12.20 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.25 – 12.20 = 0.05
Z3 = 12.17 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.25 – 12.17 = 0.08
Z4 = 12.21 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.25 – 12.21 = 0.04
Z5 = 12.07 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.25 – 12.07 = 0.18
Z6 = 12.01 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.25 – 12.01 = 0.24
Titik Uji 2
Z0 = 12.13 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.13 – 12.13 =0
Z1 = 12.05 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.13 – 12.05 = 0.08
Z2 = 11.74 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.13 – 11.74 = 0.39
Z3 = 11.48 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.13 – 11.48 = 0.65
Z4 = 11.19 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.13 – 11.19 = 0.94
Z5 = 11.98 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.13 – 11.98 = 1.15
Z6 = 10.47 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.13 – 10.47 = 1.66
Titik Uji 3
Z0 = 12.43 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.43 – 12.43 =0
Z1 = 11.97 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.43 – 11.97 = 0.46
Z2 = 11.67 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.43 – 11.67 = 0.76
Z3 = 10.93 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.43 – 10.93 = 1.50
Z4 = 10.31 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.43 – 10.31 = 2.12
Z5 = 9.86 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.43 – 9.86 = 2.57
Z6 = 9.28 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.43 – 9.28 = 3.15
Titik Uji 4
Z0 = 12.53 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.53 – 12.53 =0
Z1 = 12.21 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.53 – 12.21 = 0.32
Z2 = 11.79 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.53 – 11.79 = 0.74
Z3 = 11.51 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.53 – 11.51 = 1.02
Z4 = 11.08 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.53 – 11.08 = 1.45
Z5 = 10.57 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.53 – 10.57 = 1.96
Z6 = 10.19 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.53 – 10.19 = 2.34
33
Titik Uji 5
Z0 = 12.44 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.44 – 12.44 =0
Z1 = 12.35 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.44 – 12.35 = 0.05
Z2 = 12.17 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.44 – 12.17 = 0.27
Z3 = 12.12 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.44 – 12.12 = 0.32
Z4 = 12.04 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.44 – 12.04 = 0.40
Z5 = 12.06 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.44 – 12.06 = 0.38
Z6 = 11.78 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.44 – 11.78 = 0.66
Kayu 3
Titik Uji 1
Z0 = 12.57 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.57 – 12.57 =0
Z1 = 12.49 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.57 – 12.49 = 0.08
Z2 = 12.44 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.57 – 12.44 = 0.13
Z3 = 12.40 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.57 – 12.40 = 0.17
Z4 = 12.18 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.57 – 12.18 = 0.39
Z5 = 12.03 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.57 – 12.03 = 0.54
Z6 = 12.03 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.57 – 12.03 = 0.54
Titik Uji 2
Z0 = 12.35 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.35 – 12.35 =0
Z1 = 12.02 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.35 – 12.02 = 0.33
Z2 = 11.75 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.35 – 11.75 = 0.60
Z3 = 11.26 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.35 – 11.26 = 1.09
Z4 = 10.82 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.35 – 10.82 = 1.53
Z5 = 10.03 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.35 – 10.03 = 2.32
Z6 = 9.86 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.35 – 9.86 = 2.49
Titik Uji 3
Z0 = 12.22 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.22 – 12.22 =0
Z1 = 11.81 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.22 – 11.81 = 0.41
Z2 = 11.33 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.22 – 11.33 = 0.89
Z3 = 10.50 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.22 – 10.50 = 1.72
Z4 = 9.81 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.22 – 9.81 = 2.41
Z5 = 9.45 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.22 – 9.45 = 2.77
Z6 = 8.82 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.22 – 8.82 = 3.40
Titik Uji 4
Z0 = 12.41 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.41 – 12.41 =0
Z1 = 12.37 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.41 – 12.37 = 0.04
Z2 = 11.97 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.41 – 11.97 = 0.44
Z3 = 11.51 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.41 – 11.51 = 0.90
34
Z4 = 11.07 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.41 – 11.07 = 1.34
Z5 = 10.59 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.41 – 10.59 = 1.82
Z6 = 10.19 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.41 – 10.19 = 2.22
Titik Uji 5
Z0 = 12.51 → Z0 – Z0 = 12.51 – 12.51 =0
Z1 = 12.50 → Z0 – Z1 = 12.51 – 12.50 = 0.01
Z2 = 12.45 → Z0 – Z2 = 12.51 – 12.45 = 0.06
Z3 = 12.32 → Z0 – Z3 = 12.51 – 12.32 = 0.19
Z4 = 12.15 → Z0 – Z4 = 12.51 – 12.15 = 0.36
Z5 = 12.21 → Z0 – Z5 = 12.51 – 12.21 = 0.30
Z6 = 12.19 → Z0 – Z6 = 12.51 – 12.19 = 0.32
35
Tabel 3.9 Nilai ∆ Kayu 3
P (kg)
0 26.559 53.118 79.677 106.236 132.795 159.354
Titik
1 0 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.39 0.54 0.54
2 0 0.33 0.60 1.09 1.53 2.32 2.49
3 0 0.41 0.89 1.72 2.41 2.77 3.40
4 0 0.04 0.44 0.90 1.34 1.82 2.22
5 0 0.01 0.06 0.19 0.36 0.30 0.32
𝐏 𝐱 𝐋³
E =
𝟒𝟖 𝐱 𝐈 𝐱 ∆𝟑
Kayu 1
26.559 x 105³
(P = 26.559) E = = 228401.2205
48 x 7.38 x 0.38
53.118 x 105³
(P = 53.118) E = = 289308.2127
48 x 7.38 x 0.60
79.677 x 105³
(P = 79.677) E = = 236706.7194
48 x 7.38 x 1.10
106.236 x 105³
(P = 106.236) E = = 253408.6534
48 x 7.38x 1.37
132.795 x 105³
(P = 132.795) E = = 239758.1873
48 x 7.38 x 1.81
159.354 x 105³
(P = 159.354) E = = 236706.7194
48 x 7.38 x 2.20
Kayu 2
26.559 x 106³
(P = 26.559) E = = 224548.1943
48 x 6.38 x 0.46
53.118 x 106³
(P = 53.118) E = = 271821.4983
48 x 6.38 x 0.76
36
79.677x 106³
(P = 79.677) E = = 206584.3387
48 x 6.38 x 1.50
106.236 x 106³
(P = 106.236) E = = 194890.8856
48 x 6.38 x 2.12
132.795 x 106³
(P = 132.795) E = = 200957.5279
48 x 6.38 x 2.57
159.354 x 106³
(P = 159.354) E = = 196746.9893
48 x 6.38 x 3.15
Kayu 3
26.559 x 104³
(P = 26.559) E = = 13437.9538
48 x 11.25 x 0.41
53.118 x 104³
(P = 53.118) E = = 124324.8563
48 x 11.25 x 0.89
79.677 x 104³
(P = 79.677) E = = 96496.32744
48 x 11.25 x 1.72
106.236 x 104³
(P = 106.236) E = = 91824.99762
48 x 11.25 x 2.41
132.795 x 104³
(P = 132.795) E = = 359250.3965
48 x 11.25 x 2.77
159.354 x 104³
(P = 159.354) E = = 97631.57835
48 x 11.25 x 3.40
37
Tabel 3.11 Nilai E pada Kayu 2
Table 3.13 Tabel Rekapitulasi Nilai Modulus Elastisitas pada Kayu 1, 2 dan 3
Sendi-sendi
Jenis No.
Nilai E E Rata-rata
percobaan Kayu
1 2 3 4 5 6
Jumlah 3684305,257
Rata-Rata 1228101,752
38
3.7 Kesimpulan
1. Tegangan dan regangan yang dihasilkan oleh material pada Uji Bending berbeda –
beda.
2. Uji Bending dapat dilakukan pada benda yang dapat engalami deformasi plastis dan
deformasi elastis.
3. Pengujian dilakukan dengan memberikan pembebanan pada specimen hingga patah.
Namun dalam percobaan kali ni specimen hanya mengalami deformasi plastis dan
tidak patah.
39
BAB IV
EULLER/TEKUK
40
2. Untuk memahami prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam pengujian tekuk
3. Untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan data dari pengujian pada material
Manfaat :
1. Dapat mengetahui dan melaksanakan proses pengujian tekuk dengan baik dan benar
2. Memahami alat, bahan dan cara pengukuran dengan baik dan benar
3. Memperhatikan keselamatan kerja dalam melaksanakan praktikum
4. Dapat mengelola hasil pengujian tekuk dan menghitung gaya kritis setiap bahan uji
dengan benar.
2. Meteran
3. Jangka sorong
4. Spidol
41
5. Kayu/benda uji
42
4.6 Pengolahan Data
100 cm
25 cm 25 cm 25 cm 25 cm
1 2 3 4 5
43
Tabel 4.5 Data Kayu 3
44
= 175.5 x 0.454
= 79.677 kg
2. Menghitung Nilai Y
Y = Z0 – Zi
Kayu 1
Titik Uji 1
Z0 = 13.44 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.44 – 13.44 =0
Z1 = 13 → Z0 - Z1 = 13.44 – 13.00 = 0.44
Z2 = 13.72 → Z0 - Z2 = 13.44 – 13.72 = -0.28
Z3 = 13 → Z0 - Z3 = 13.44 – 13.00 = 0.44
Z4 = 13 → Z0 - Z4 = 13.44 – 13.00 = 0.44
Z5 = 13 → Z0 - Z5 = 13.44 – 13.00 = 0.44
Z6 = 13 → Z0 - Z6 = 13.44 – 13.00 = 0.44
Titik Uji 2
Z0 = 13.41 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.41 – 13.41 = 0
Z1 = 13 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.41 – 13.00 = 0.41
Z2 = 13 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.41 – 13.00 = 0.41
Z3 = 13.55 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.41 – 13.55 =-0.14
Z4 = 13 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.41 – 13.00 = 0.41
Z5 = 13.77 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.41 – 13.77 = -0.36
Z6 = 13 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.41 – 13.00 = 0.41
45
Titik Uji 3
Z0 = 13.14 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.14 – 13.14 =0
Z1 = 13.73 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.14 – 13.73 = 0.41
Z2 = 13.10 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.14 – 13.10 = 0.04
Z3 = 13 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.14 – 13.00 = 0.14
Z4 = 12 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.14 – 12.00 = 1.14
Z5 = 12.86 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.14 – 12.86 = 0.28
Z6 = 12.55 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.14 – 12.55 = 0.59
Titik Uji 4
Z0 = 11 → Z0 – Z0 = 11.00 – 11.00 =0
Z1 = 13 → Z0 – Z1 = 11.00 – 13.00 = -2.00
Z2 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z2 = 11.00 – 13.43 = -2.43
Z3 = 13.44 → Z0 – Z3 = 11.00 – 13.44 = -2.44
Z4 = 12 → Z0 – Z4 = 11.00 – 12.00 =-1.00
Z5 = 13.29 → Z0 – Z5 = 11.00 – 13.29 = -2.29
Z6 = 13.18 → Z0 – Z6 = 11.00 – 13.18 = -2.38
Titik Uji 5
Z0 = 15 → Z0 – Z0 = 15.00 – 15.00 =0
Z1 = 13 → Z0 – Z1 = 15.00 – 13.00 = 2.00
Z2 = 13 → Z0 – Z2 = 15.00 – 13.00 = 2.00
Z3 = 13.66 → Z0 – Z3 = 15.00 – 13.66 = 1.34
Z4 = 12 → Z0 – Z4 = 15.00 – 12.00 = 3.00
Z5 = 13.55 → Z0 – Z5 = 15.00 – 13.55 = 1.45
Z6 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z6 = 15.00 – 13.43 = 1.57
Kayu 2
Titik Uji 1
Z0 = 13.62 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.62 – 13.62 =0
Z1 = 13.81 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.62 – 13.81 = -0.19
Z2 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.62 – 13.43 = 0.19
Z3 = 13.25 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.62 – 13.25 = 0.37
Z4 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.62 – 13.43 = 0.19
Z5 = 13.34 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.62 – 13.34 = 0.28
Z6 = 13.70 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.62 – 13.70 = -0.08
Titik Uji 2
Z0 = 13.56 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.56 – 13.56 =0
Z1 = 13.62 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.56 – 13.62 = -0.06
Z2 = 13.81 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.56 – 13.81 = -0.25
Z3 = 13 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.56 – 13.00 = 0.56
46
Z4 = 13.70 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.56 – 13.70 = -0.14
Z5 = 13.40 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.56 – 13.40 = 0.15
Z6 = 13.53 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.56 –13.53 = 0.03
Titik Uji 3
Z0 = 13.81 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.81 – 13.81 =0
Z1 = 13.70 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.81 – 13.70 = 0.11
Z2 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.81 – 13.43 = 0.38
Z3 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.81 – 13.43 = 0.38
Z4 = 13.81 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.81 – 13.81 =0
Z5 = 13.27 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.81 – 13.27 = 0.54
Z6 = 13.36 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.81 – 13.36 = 0.45
Titik Uji 4
Z0 = 13.62 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.62 – 13.62 =0
Z1 = 13.81 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.62 – 13.81 = -0.19
Z2 = 13.11 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.62 – 13.11 = 0.51
Z3 = 13.56 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.62 – 13.56 = 0.06
Z4 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.62 – 13.43 = 0.19
Z5 = 13.70 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.62 – 13.70 = -0.08
Z6 = 13.62 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.62 – 13.62 =0
Titik Uji 5
Z0 = 13.40 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.40 – 13.40 =0
Z1 = 13.56 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.40 – 13.56 = -0.16
Z2 = 13.32 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.40 – 13.32 = 0.08
Z3 = 13.43 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.40 – 13.43 = -0.03
Z4 = 13.36 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.40 – 13.36 = 0.04
Z5 = 13.12 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.40 – 13.12 = 0.28
Z6 = 13.11 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.40 – 13.11 = 0.29
Kayu 3
Titik Uji 1
Z0 = 13.35 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.35 – 13.35 =0
Z1 = 13.31 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.35 – 13.31 = 0.04
Z2 = 13.31 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.35 – 13.31 = 0.04
Z3 = 13.30 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.35 – 13.30 = 0.05
Z4 = 13.35 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.35 – 13.35 =0
Z5 = 13.41 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.35 – 13.41 = -0.06
Z6 = 13.41 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.35 – 13.41 = -0.06
47
Titik Uji 2
Z0 = 13.30 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.30 – 13.30 =0
Z1 = 13.29 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.30 – 13.29 = 0.01
Z2 = 13.30 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.30 – 13.30 =0
Z3 = 13.30 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.30 – 13.30 =0
Z4 = 13.32 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.30 – 13.32 = -0.02
Z5 = 13.39 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.30 – 13.39 = -0.09
Z6 = 13.50 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.30 – 13.50 = -0.20
Titik Uji 3
Z0 = 13.69 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.69 – 13.69 =0
Z1 = 13.61 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.69 – 13.61 = 0.08
Z2 = 13.40 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.69 – 13.40 = 0.29
Z3 = 13.23 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.69 – 13.23 = 0.46
Z4 = 13.65 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.69 – 13.65 = 0.04
Z5 = 13.40 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.69 – 13.40 = 0.29
Z6 = 13.57 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.69 – 13.57 = 0.12
Titik Uji 4
Z0 = 14 → Z0 – Z0 = 14.00 – 14.00 =0
Z1 = 13.65 → Z0 – Z1 = 14.00 – 13.65 = 0.35
Z2 = 13.70 → Z0 – Z2 = 14.00 – 13.70 = 0.30
Z3 = 13.25 → Z0 – Z3 = 14.00 – 13.25 = 0.75
Z4 = 14 → Z0 – Z4 = 14.00 – 14.00 =0
Z5 = 13.22 → Z0 – Z5 = 14.00 – 13.22 = 0.78
Z6 = 14 → Z0 – Z6 = 14.00 – 14.00 =0
Titik Uji 5
Z0 = 13.65 → Z0 – Z0 = 13.65 – 13.65 =0
Z1 = 13.95 → Z0 – Z1 = 13.65 – 13.95 = -0.30
Z2 = 13.90 → Z0 – Z2 = 13.65 – 13.90 = -0.25
Z3 = 13.69 → Z0 – Z3 = 13.65 – 13.69 = -0.04
Z4 = 14 → Z0 – Z4 = 13.65 – 14.00 = -0.35
Z5 = 13.05 → Z0 – Z5 = 13.65 – 13.05 = 0.60
Z6 = 14.10 → Z0 – Z6 = 13.65 – 14.10 = -0.45
48
2 0 0.41 0.41 -0.14 0.41 -0.36 0.41
3 0 0.41 0.04 0.14 1.14 0.28 0.59
4 0 -2.00 -2.43 -2.44 -1.00 -2.29 -2.38
5 0 2.00 2.00 1.34 3.00 1.45 1.57
3. Menghitung Nilai Y’
Y’ = P x Y
Kayu 1
Titik Uji 1
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.44 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.44 = 11.68596 kg.cm
Y2 = -0.28 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x (-0.28) = -14.87304 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.44 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.44 = 35.05788 kg.cm
Y4 = 0.44 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0.44 = 46.74384 kg.cm
49
Y5 = 0.44 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.44 = 58.4298 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.44 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.44 = 70.11576 kg.cm
Titik Uji 2
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.41 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.41 = 10.88919 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.41 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.41 = 21.77838 kg.cm
Y3 = -0.14 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x (-0.14) = -11.15338 kg.cm
Y4 = 0.41 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0.41 = 43.55676 kg.cm
Y5 = -0.36 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x (-0.36) = -47.8062 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.41 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.41 = 65.33514 kg.cm
Titik Uji 3
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.41 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.41 = 10.88919 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.04 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.04 = 2.12472 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.14 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.14 = 11.15478 kg.cm
Y4 = 1.14 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 1.14 = 121.10904 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.28 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.28 = 37.1826 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.59 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.59 = 94.01886 kg.cm
Titik Uji 4
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = -2.00 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x (-2.00) = -53.118 kg.cm
Y2 = -2.43 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x (-2.43) = -129.07674 kg.cm
Y3 = -2.44 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x (-2.44) = -194.41188 kg.cm
Y4 = -1.00 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x (-1.00) = -106.236 kg.cm
Y5 = -2.29 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x (-2.29) = -304.10055 kg.cm
Y6 = -2.38 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x (-2.38) = -379.26252 kg.cm
Titik Uji 5
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 2.00 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 2.00 = 53.118 kg.cm
Y2 = 2.00 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 2.00 = 106.236 kg.cm
50
Y3 = 1.34 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 1.34 = 106.76718 kg.cm
Y4 = 3.00 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 3.00 = 318.708 kg.cm
Y5 = 1.45 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 1.45 = 192.55275 kg.cm
Y6 = 1.57 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 1.57 = 250.18578 kg.cm
Kayu 2
Titik Uji 1
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = -0.19 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x (-0.19) = -5.04621 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.19 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.19 = 10.09242 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.37 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.37 = 29.48049 kg.cm
Y4 = 0.19 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0.19 = 20.18484 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.28 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.28 = 37.1826 kg.cm
Y6 = -0.08 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x (-0.08) = -12.74832 kg.cm
Titik Uji 2
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = -0.06 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x (-0.06) = -1.59354 kg.cm
Y2 = -0.25 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x (-0.25) = -13.2795 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.56 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.56 = 44.61912 kg.cm
Y4 = -0.14 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x (-0.14) = -14.87304 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.15 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.15 = 19.91925 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.03 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.03 = 4.78062 kg.cm
Titik Uji 3
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.11 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.11 = 2.92149 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.38 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.38 = 20.18484 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.38 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.38 = 30.27726 kg.cm
Y4 = 0 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.54 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.54 = 71.7093 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.45 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.45 = 71.7093 kg.cm
51
Titik Uji 4
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = -0.19 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x (-0.19) = -5.04621 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.51 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.51 = 27.09018 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.06 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.06 = 4.78062 kg.cm
Y4 = 0.19 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0.19 = 20.18484 kg.cm
Y5 = -0.08 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x (-0.08) = -10.6236 kg.cm
Y6 = 0 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Titik Uji 5
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = -0.16 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x (-0,16) = -4.24944 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.08 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.08 = 4.24944 kg.cm
Y3 = -0.03 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x (-0.03) = -2.39031 kg.cm
Y4 = -0.04 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x (-0.04) = -4.24944 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.28 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.28 = 37.1826 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.29 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.29 = 46.21266 kg.cm
Kayu 3
Titik Uji 1
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.04 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.04 = 1.06236 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.04 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.04 = 2.12472 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.05 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.05 = 3.98385kg.cm
Y4 = 0 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y5 = -0.06 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x (-0.06) = -7.9677 kg.cm
Y6 = -0.06 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x (-0.06) = -9.56124 kg.cm
Titik Uji 2
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.01 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.01 = 0.26559 kg.cm
Y2 = 0 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y3 = 0 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
52
Y4 = -0.02 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x (-0.02) = -2.12472 kg.cm
Y5 = -0.09 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x (-0.09) = -11.95155 kg.cm
Y6 = -0.20 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x (-0.20) = -31.8708 kg.cm
Titik Uji 3
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.08 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.08 = 2.12472 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.29 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.29 = 15.40422 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.46 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.46 = 36.65142 kg.cm
Y4 = 0.04 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0.04 = 4.24944 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.29 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.29 = 38.51055 kg.cm
Y6 = 0.12 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0.12 = 19.12248 kg.cm
Titik Uji 4
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = 0.35 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x 0.35 = 9.29565 kg.cm
Y2 = 0.30 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x 0.30 = 15.9354 kg.cm
Y3 = 0.75 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x 0.75 = 59.7577 kg.cm
Y4 = 0 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.78 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.78 = 103.5801 kg.cm
Y6 = 0 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Titik Uji 5
Y0 = 0 → P x Y = 0 kg x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Y1 = -0.30 → P x Y = 26.559 kg x (-0.30) = -7.9677 kg.cm
Y2 = -0.25 → P x Y = 53.118 kg x (-0.25) = -13.2795 kg.cm
Y3 = -0.04 → P x Y = 79.677 kg x (-0.04) = -3.18708 kg.cm
Y4 = -0.35 → P x Y = 106.236 kg x (-0.35) = -37.1826 kg.cm
Y5 = 0.60 → P x Y = 132.795 kg x 0.60 = 79.677 kg.cm
Y6 = -0.45 → P x Y = 159.354 kg x (-0.45) = -71.7093 kg.cm
53
Tabel 4.10 Perhitungan Nilai Y’ = P x Y Pada Kayu 1
P (kg)
0 26.559 53.118 79.677 106.236 132.795 159.354
Titik
1 0 11.68596 -14.87304 35.05788 46.74384 58.4298 70.11576
2 0 10.88919 21.77838 -11.15338 43.5676 -47.8062 65.33514
3 0 10.88919 2.12472 11.15478 121.10904 37.1826 94.01886
𝑌(𝑖−1)−2𝑌𝑖+𝑌(𝑖+1)
Y” =
Δ^2
54
Perhitungan Nilai Δ pada Kayu 1
Δ = 100 cm : 4
= 2 cm
Δ2 = 252
= 625 cm2
Perhitungan Nilai Δ pada Kayu 2
Δ = 100 cm : 4
= 2 cm
Δ2 = 252
= 625 cm2
Perhitungan Nilai Δ pada Kayu 3
Δ = 100 cm : 4
= 2 cm
Δ2 = 252
= 625 cm2
55
𝑌0−2𝑌1+𝑌2
=
Δ^2
0−2(0)+0
=
(625)^2
=0
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0−2(0)+0
=
(625)^2
=0
= -0.000752
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.44−2(0.41)+0.41
=
(625)^2
= 0.000048
= 0.001552
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
56
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
(−0.28)−2(0.41)+0.04
=
(625)^2
= -0.001696
= -0.001632
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.44−2(−0.14)+0.14
=
(625)^2
= 0.001376
= -0.000752
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.44−2(0.41)+1.14
=
(625)^2
= 0.001216
57
Menghitung Y” pada beban 132.795 kg
𝑌(1−1)−2𝑌1+𝑌(1+1)
i = 1 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌0−2𝑌1+𝑌2
=
Δ^2
0−2(0.44)+(−0.36)
=
(625)^2
= -0.001984
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.44−2(−0.36)+0.28
=
(625)^2
= 0.002304
= -0.000752
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.44−2(0.41)+0.59
=
(625)^2
= 0.000336
𝑌(1−1)−2𝑌1+𝑌(1+1)
i = 1 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌0−2𝑌1+𝑌2
=
Δ^2
58
0−2(0)+0
=
(625)^2
=0
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0−2(0)+0
=
(625)^2
=0
= 0.000512
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
(−0.19)−2(−0.06)+0.11
=
(625)^2
= 0.000064
= -0.001008
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
59
0.19−2(−025)+0.38
=
(625)^2
= 0.001712
= -0.000288
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.37−2(0.56)+0.38
=
(625)^2
= -0.000592
= -0.000832
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.19−2(−0.14)+0
=
(625)^2
= 0.000752
60
𝑌0−2𝑌1+𝑌2
=
Δ^2
0−2(0.28)+0.15
=
(625)^2
= -0.001984
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.28−2(0.15)+0.54
=
(625)^2
= 0.002304
= 0.000304
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
(−0.08)−2(0.03)+0.45
=
(625)^2
= 0.0000496
=0
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
61
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0−2(0)+0
=
(625)^2
=0
= -0.000112
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.04−2(0.01)+0.08
=
(625)^2
= 0.00016
= -0.000128
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.04−2(0)+0.29
=
(625)^2
= 0.000528
62
Menghitung Y” pada beban 79.677 kg
𝑌(1−1)−2𝑌1+𝑌(1+1)
i = 1 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌0−2𝑌1+𝑌2
=
Δ^2
0−2(0.05)+0.
=
(625)^2
= -0.00016
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0.05−2(0)+0.46
=
(625)^2
= 0.000816
= -0.000032
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
0−2(−0.02)+0.04
=
(625)^2
= 0.000128
63
= 0.000048
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
(−0.06)−2(−0.09)+0.29
=
(625)^2
= 0.000656
= -0.000128
𝑌(2−1)−2𝑌2+𝑌(2+1)
i = 2 → Y” =
Δ^2
𝑌1−2𝑌2+𝑌3
=
Δ^2
(−0.06)−2(−0.02)+0.12
=
(625)^2
= 0.000736
64
Tabel 4.16 Perhitungan Nilai Y” Kayu 2
P (kg)
0 26.559 53.118 79.677 106.236 132.795 159.354
Titik
1 0 0,000512 -0,001008 -0,000288 -0,000832 -0,000656 0,000304
2 0 0,000064 0,001712 -0,000592 0,000752 0,000832 0,000496
3 0 -0,000752 -0,0008 -0,000224 0,00008 -0,001616 -0,001392
4 0 0,000528 -0,000896 0,000368 -0,000672 0,001568 0,001184
5 0 0,000208 0,00056 0,000192 0,000432 -0,001024 -0,000928
5. Menghitung Nilai E x I x Y”
B H
65
Perhitungan Inersia pada Kayu 1
1
I = 12 x 2.373 x 2.66
= 2.950838415 cm4
= 3.515625 cm4
= 1.938403125 cm4
66
= -6.14618E+12
67
Titik Uji 2 Y” = 0 → E x I x Y” = 1228101,752 x 3.515625 x 0.000064
= 276322894.2
68
Titik Uji 1 Y” = 0 → E x I x Y” = 1228101,752 x 1.938403125 x 0 = 0 kg.cm
Titik Uji 2 Y” = 0 → E x I x Y” = 1228101,752 x 1.938403125 x 0 = 0 kg.cm
69
Pada Beban 159.354 kg
Titik Uji 1 Y” = 0 → E x I x Y” = 1228101,752 x 1.938403125 x (-0.000128)
= -3.04711E+11
Titik Uji 2 Y” = 0 → E x I x Y” = 1228101,752 x 1.938403125 x 0.000736
= 1.75209E+12
70
4.7 Kesimpulan
Pada pengujian Tekuk, dapat disimpulkan bahwa percobaan cukup baik dikarenakan
faktor alat pengujian cukup memadai atau pembacaan alat ukur dapat dilakukan dengan
benar dan sesuai. Sehingga menyebabkan perhitungan yang didapatkan tepat.
71
72