P-ISSN: 1693-1246 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia xx (x) (20xx) x-x

E-ISSN: 2355-3812
DOI: xx.xxxxx/jpfi.xxxxx.xxxx
mm 2019
http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpfi

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRING CIRCUITS OSCILLATION ON

CONSTANT OF SPRING

PENGARUH OSILASI RANGKAIAN PEGAS TERHADAP KONSTANTA

PEGAS

L.F. Rohmah1*, N.S. Salsabila2, A. Afifah 3

1
Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Semarang State University, Indonesia
lulurohmah4@gmail.com

2
Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Semarang State University, Indonesia
nadayifa@gmail.com

3
Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Semarang State University, Indonesia
avisafifah@gmail.com

Received: Accepted: Published:

Abstract

Mass spring system is a system consisting of mass objects that are connected by one or several springs. The spring circuit can
consist of several springs attached in series or parallel as needed. Springs that are attached in series will reduce the spring constant
value. while parallel springs will increase the spring constant value. This study aims to examine the behavior of spring systems with
mass variations. determine the oscillation period with some form of circuit. and calculate the spring constant for each circuit. The
research phase is carried out using springs that are attach singly, in series, and in parallel to the stative and are loaded with six
variations of mass. Then, the spring is deviated as far as 2 cm so that the spring oscillates. The spring period is used to calculate
the constant value of each spring circuit. The results obtained by the spring constant values 1 and 2. 18.49 N / m and 29.88 N / m.

Abstrak
Sistem pegas massa adalah sistem yang terdiri dari benda bermassa yang dihubungkan oleh sebuah atau beberapa pegas.
Rangkaian pegas dapat terdiri dari beberapa pegas yang dipasang secara seri atau paralel sesuai kebutuhan. Pegas yang
dipasang secara seri akan mengurangi nilai konstanta pegas. Sedangkan pemasangan pegas secara paralel akan meningkatkan
nilai konstanta pegas. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji perilaku sistem pegas dengan variasi massa, mengetahui periode osilasi
dengan beberapa bentuk rangkaian. dan menghitung konstanta pegas untuk masing-masing rangkaian. Tahap penelitian ini
dilakukan dengan menggunakan pegas yang dirangkai secara tunggal, seri, dan paralel pada statif dan diberi beban dengan enam
variasi massa. Kemudian pegas disimpangkan sejauh 2 cm sehingga pegas berosilasi. Periode pegas digunakan untuk menghitung
nilai konstanta masing-masing rangkaian pegas. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai konstanta pegas 1 dan 2 yaitu,18.49 N/m dan 29.88
N/m
© 2019 Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UNNES Semarang

Key words: spring, oscillation, constant, period

INTRODUCTION
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2019) 1-7
Periodic motion is motion of an object that
regularly returns to a given position after a fixed
time interval. A special kind of periodic motion
occurs in mechanical systems when the force
acting on an object is proportional to the position of
the object relative to some equilibrium position. If
this force is always directed toward the equilibrium
position, the motion is called simple harmonic
motion.
When an object vibrates or oscillates back
and forth, over the same path, each vibration
taking the same amount of time, the motion is
periodic. The simplest form of periodic motion is
represented by an object oscillating on the end of
a uniform coil spring. Any spring has a natural
length at which it exerts no force on the mass m.
The position of the mass at this point is called the
equilibrium position.
Mass spring system is a system consisting
of mass objects that are connected by one or
several springs. The spring circuit can consist of
several springs attached in series or parallel as
needed. A series spring circuit will reduce the
spring constant value, while a parallel spring circuit
will increase the spring constant value. (journal)
Elastic is the ability of objects to return to
their original shape after the forces acting on them
are removed. When the spring is pulled which
means there is an external force acting then it will
elongate. When the outside force is removed it will
return to its original shape (hatimah. 2013).
Hooke's law states that the magnitude of force is
directly proportional to the increase in length. If the
force increases, the length of the spring also
increases. The ratio between the magnitude of the
force to the increase in the spring's value is
constant. Hooke's law applies when the force does
not exceed the elasticity limit. When the spring is
pulled or pressed the spring increases in length or
may get shorter. The spring also provides a
resistance force to the force acting on the spring
called the resilient force (Fp). The magnitude of
the resilient force recovers with the causal force,
but the direction is opposite. So, the hooke law is
called elasticity of an object. If the spring is pulled
2
beyond a certain limit, then the object will not be
elastic anymore. (Krodkiewski, 2009)
A linear spring follows the laws of force (f)-
displacement (x):
(1)
where k is a spring constant / constant. If several
springs are arranged in such a way as to form a
spring arrangement system, then this system can
be replaced by a spring system with equivalent
spring equivalents / constants.
Determination of spring arrangement
constants according to theory statically using
equation (1). To differentiate, the series spring
arrangement is symbolized by ks and the kp symbol
for parallel spring arrangement. In the series
circuit, the equation for the spring replacement
constant applies:
(2)
whereas for parallel springs, it applies:
(3)
 (Kelly, 2012)
In determining spring dynamically, use the
equation in simple harmonic motion that applies to
spring oscillation systems. Determination of the
replacement spring constant based on a dynamic
method is based on the equation:
(4)
(Serway and Jewet, 2004)
Based on the description above, it is
necessary to research the effect of oscillation on
the spring circuit of the constant value of the
spring. This research was conducted with two
springs. Each length of the spring is 13.2 cm and
13.5 cm in single, series, and parallel circuit.
METHOD
This research was conducted by an
experimental method using several tools, two
metal springs with lengths of 13.2 cm and 13.5 cm
respectively, a load with six variations of mass, two
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2019) 1-7

pieces of stative to hang springs, ruler to measure
the deviations, stopwacth to calculate vibration
time, and Ohaus’s balance to weigh the mass of
the load. The experiments were carried out by
varying six different masses, 244.3g, 273.7g,
274.5g, 288.7g, 305.55g, and 310.4g in single,
series, and parallel circuits. Research data taken
using a constant variation of 10 times the
oscillation in each variation. The experiments were
carried out by hanging springs on the stative in
single(a), in series(b), and in parallel(c).
Figure 1. mass spring system
Then the load is suspended on a spring so that
deviations occur due to the gravity of the mass.
The springs are given a deviation of 2 cm so that
the oscillations occur in harmony. Then obtained
time to vibrate for 10 times the vibration. Next., the
vibration period value can be calculated and the
spring constant value will be obtained.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The ratio of the magnitude of weight to the
increase in the length of the object of constant
value is proportional. The proportionality of the two
quantities has been formulated by Robert Hooke
(1635-1703). Springs are usually used together in
a mass spring system. The mass spring system
experiments with variations in the type of circuit
that is single, series, and parallel with different
shapes have been carried out using six types of
mass. This experiment was conducted to
determine the value of the spring constant with
oscillation by giving a deviation as far as 2 cm from
the equilibrium position after being given a load so
that the period can be calculated every 10 times
the vibration. This experiment uses two types of
3
springs. From the experimental results, the values
k1 = 18.49 N/m and k2= 29.88 N/m. This result will
be a reference to compare the results of the spring
constant from the practice of the spring circuit in
series and parallel.
Table 1. Relationship between mass and period
Type m(kg) t T T2 k
0.2443 7.27 0.727 0.52853
0.2737 7.63 0.763 0.58217
spring 0.2745 7.57 0.757 0.57305
18.49
1 0.2887 7.87 0.787 0.61937
0.3055 8.07 0.807 0.65125
0.3104 8.17 0.817 0.66749
0.2443 5.67 0.567 0.32149
0.2737 6 0.6 0.36
spring 0.2745 6.03 0.603 0.36361
29.88
2 0.2887 6.23 0.623 0.38813
0.3055 6.3 0.63 0.3969
0.3104 6.4 0.64 0.4096
A large constant value indicates that the
spring is less elastic or requires a large load so
that the oscillation occurs in a harmonic oscillation.
In the first experiment, the mass of the load is too
small so there is a large error because the spring
does not move in harmony. After replacing the
mass of the load with a larger load and reducing
the size of the deviation. Oscillations occur in
harmony. Therefore, not just any spring can be
given an arbitrary load of weight as well. Because
it is better to adjust the spring constant values so
that the oscillations can occur harmoniously. In
addition, when oscillating, sometimes the load
used is unstable in its position. The spring deviates
slightly from its upright position because the
hanger on the load is not exactly in the center of its
mass.
In the series circuit, the relationship
between mass and period is obtained in the graph
below.
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2019) 1-7

the large spring constant, the load used in the

experiment must also be increased so that the
oscillations occur in harmony.
The next experiment is parallel spring
circuit with variations of the edges connected to
each other to form a V spring circuit. The results
obtained are not much different from the results of
the usual parallel spring circuit.
Figure 1. Graph between mass and period in
series
Based on the graph, a spring constant
value in series is 10.95 N/m. If this result is
compared with a mathematical constant, that is
11.42 N/m, there is a difference between
experimental and mathematical results. However,
the difference is not too significant. The error is 4%
. As stated in the introduction, it is evident that the
spring circuit in series will reduce the spring Figure 3. Graph between mass and period in
constant value. parallel V.
In parallel circuits, the relationship The spring constant value is obtained
between mass and oscillation period is shown in 45.38 N/m with the error is 6% during the
the following graph. experiment. The spring is not always in its upright
position. The movement deviates to the right or
left. Different spring constant values affect the
oscillations, so they are less harmonious. Different
spring constant values affect the elasticity level of
each spring. As a result, the strain and the tight by
the two springs are not same.
The last experiment was horizontal spring
arrangement or commonly known as coupled
spring. In this series, the mass of the load used is
Figure 2. Graph between mass and period in
reduced from >200g to <200g. This is done
parallel.
because to reduce the gravity so that springs
At the beginning of the experiment, the
which are composed with mass do not bend or
mass used was below 150 grams. As a result,
form a certain angle. In addition, the mass is
oscillations cannot occur in harmony. After being
reduced so that the spring is still in its elasticity so
deviated, the movements become inconsistent.
that the spring constant does not change.
The mass is increased to above 200 grams.
Oscillations occur in harmony. The spring constant
value of the experimental results is 45.66 N/m. If
these results are compared with the mathematical
results, the value of k should be 48.37 N/m. Then
there is an error 6%. Referring to the introduction,
it is evident that the parallel spring circuit increases
the value of the spring constant, i.e the number of
each spring constant value. As a consequence of
4
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2019) 1-7

Figure 4. Graph between mass and period in

horizontal (coupled springs). REFERENCES
From the experimental results obtained
spring constant value of 42.22 N/m. These results
were analyzed using parallel spring equations.
When compared with the spring constant values in
Didi, Ganjar, Furqon, & Hastuti.(2018). Pengaruh Nilai
parallel, we get an error of 13%. This error value Konstanta Terhadap Pertambahan Panjang
occurs because when the experiment takes place, Pegas Pada Rangkaian Tunggal, Seri, dan
the spring is still slightly curved when in an Paralel. Jurnal Mer-C 5(1).
equilibrium position. This experiment is not
suitable for parallel spring circuit.

CONCLUSION
Fatmawati, Choirul & Prabowo.(2016). Pengembangan
From the experiment that have been carried Alat Praktikum Susunan Pegas dalam
out with the title the influence of oscillation in Pembelajaran Fisika pada Materi Elastisitas.
spring circuits on constant of spring, can be FMIPA: Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
concluded that the constant values of each spring,
18.49 N / m, and 29.88 N / m. By arranging the
spring in series, the spring constant value will
decrease to 10.95 N/m and the parallel spring
circuit will cause the spring constant value to
increase. The existence of variations in the form of Giancoli, Douglas C. (2005). Physics: principles with
a parallel spring circuit, resulting in constant values applications. USA : Pearson Prentice Hall.
are also different for each form. However, the
optimal result for spring experiments in parallel
circuits is k = 45.66 N/m.
Suggestions for further research is to use a Hatimah, H. (2013). Laporan Pratikum Fisika Dasar I
mass whose link is right at the center of the mass Pengukuran Konstanta Pegas Dengan
so that the spring can oscillate harmonically. Metode Pegas Dinamik. Universitas
Udayana.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author would thanks to Allah SWT for

providing convenience and fluency in the inqury
experiment and preparation of the articles. Next. J.M. Krodkiewski. (2009). Mechanical Vibration
thank you to Mrs. Dr. Ellianawati, S.Pd., M.Sc., Departement Of Mechanical And
and who have guided in this inquiry experiment. Manufacturing Engineering. The University
Thanks to the laboratory technician who have Of Melbourne.

directed and helped the author to prepare this

experiment. The author would like to thank also for
groups 2 who have worked together from the
beginning to the end of this experiment.

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Kelly, S. Graham. (2012). Mechanical Vibrations: Theory

and Aplications. S1 Edition. USA: Cengage
Learning.

Serway, Raymond A. & Jewett, John W. (2004). Physics

for Scientist and Engineers. Pomona :
Thomson Brooks