Risk Assessment
Bernadetta Indah Mw,SKM
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum
• Risk Assessment
– Infection risk
IC.03.01.01 assessment
IC.01.03.01 Risks
Evaluation • Goal
PPI.05 – Reduce or eliminate
PPI.07 infection
• Implementation
– Based on guidelines
and organization-
specific risk
• Evaluation
– Rates reduced?
IC.02.01.01 IC.01.04.01 Goals
– Best practices
followed?
Implementation
PPI.05.06 – Implementation
PPI.06 complete?
Standar Akreditasi Rumah sakit
• Standar PPI.05
– EP.1. Ada program komperhensif dan
rencana
menurunkan resiko infeksi terkait pelayanan
kesehatan pada pasien
– EP.2 .Ada program komperhensif dan
rencana
menurunkan resiko infeksi terkait pelayanan
kesehatan pada tenaga kesehatan
Joint Commission Standards
» JCIA,2010
Tujuan
16
Mengapa dilakukan Risk assessment
tahunan ?
• Bencana alam :
– Banjir, gempa bumi, angin puyuh/topan
• Rusaknya pelayanan publik
– Rusaknya Fasilitas air minum (PDAM), Sanitasi
umum
• Kecelakaan
– Kecalakaan masal (pesawat,kereta api,bus)
– Kebakaran yang melibatkan massa
Eksternal Risk
• Pembangunan
• Pemasokan dan peralatan
• Pembersihan
INFECTION CONTROL RISK
ASSESSMENT
• Risk Assessment didapatkan dengan masukan
interdisciplinary :
• Infection prevention personel (Komite/Panitia/Tim
PPIRS, IPCN)
• Medical Staf
• Nursing
• Lainnya
• Prioritas dan dokumen risiko
31
RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
• Persiapan dan perencanaan
o Formulir-2
o Standard
o Laporan
32
RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
• Rekruitment Tim
o Undangan
o Minta informasi dan usulan-2 peningkatan
o Masalah PPI apa yang paling penting
o Penyebab apa yang sering ditemukan
pada waktu visit, admission,
pelaksanaan prosedur, dll
33
RISK ASSESSMENT TEAM
• Surgery
34
RISK ASSESSMENT MEETING
• Prioritas risiko
• Diskripsikan faktor-2
• Karateristik yang meningkatkan risiko infeksi
• Karateristik yang menurunkan risiko infeksi
• Masukan dari rapat, form isian yang sudah
dilengkapi
• Temuan dari risk asesmen
36
EVALUASI ORGANISASI
• Faktor-faktor yang termasuk :
o Geografi dan environmental
o Karateristik populasi
o Area endemik infeksi
o Area lainnya yang terkait infeksi
o Karateristik asuhan medis
o Pelayanan yang disediakan
37
GEOGRAFI DAN POPULASI RISK
ASSESSMENT
Karateristik populasi
Mis : Populasi pasien
ke RS banyak orang tua
Area lainnya – terkait
risiko
Ada bbrp atraksi
disekitar RS setiap tahun
38
GEOGRAPHIC AND POPULATION RISK
FAKTOR
ASSESSMENT
KARATERISTIK YG KARATERISTIK YG
MENINGKATKAN RISIKO MENURUNKAN RISIKO
Medical care
Charateristik
Jml dokter, jml dr Sp
Service provided
Jenis yan
39
RISK ASSESSMENT
• Kelompok kerja/Tim mulai bekerja
melakukan risk assessmen
40
Prioritas dari Resiko
42
INFECTION CONTROL RISK ASSESSMENT
PROBABILITY RISK IMPACT (HEALTH, CURRENT SYSTEM/ SCO
FINANCIAL, LEGAL, PREPAREDNESS RE
REGULATORY)
POTENSIAL RISK/PROBLEM
4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
43
Antibiotic – resistant organisms
45
KEGIATAN ISOLASI
terbaru(spesifik)
47
KESIAPAN
• Paparan SARS/Pandemic
48
Healthcare Associated Infections
(HAIs)
• Surgical Site
• Infeksi Aliran Darah
Infections (SSI)
Primer di rawat inap
Cardiac
• Infeksi sehubungan
• SSI orthopedic Joint
dengan Dyalisis
Replacement
• ISK
• SSI lainnya
• Outbreak
• VAP di ICUs
• Sentinel event
• HAP
• HAIs lainnya
• Infeksi Aliran Darah
Primer di ICU
49
LINGKUNGAN
• Penyakit Legionella
• Program baru
• Prosedur baru
• dll
52
Menetapkan tiga nilai untuk
setiap risiko
• Probability
• Risk/impact
• Current system/Preparedness
53
PROBABILITY
CONSIDERATIONS
• Riwayat data
54
PROBABILITY
• 5 = almost certain
• 4 = Likely
• 3 = Maybe
• 2 = Rare
• 1 = Never
55
TINGKAT DESKRIPSI
RISIKO
1 Sangat jarang/ rare (> 5 tahun/kali)
57
RISK/IMPACT
• 5 = Catastrophic Loss
(Life/Limb/function/financial)
• 4 = Serious Loss
(Function/Financial/Legal)
• 2 = Moderate Clinical/Financial
58
• 5 = None
• 4 = Poor
• 3 = Fair
• 2 = Good
• 1 = Solid
64
INFECTION CONTROL RISK ASSESSMENT
PROBABILITY RISK IMPACT (HEALTH, CURRENT SYSTEM/ SCO
FINANCIAL, LEGAL, PREPAREDNESS RE
POTENSIAL RISK/PROBLEM REGULATORY)
4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
HAIs
65
INFECTION CONTROL RISK ASSESSMENT
PROBABILITY RISK IMPACT (HEALTH, CURRENT SYSTEM/ SCO
FINANCIAL, LEGAL, PREPAREDNESS RE
POTENSIAL RISK/PROBLEM REGULATORY)
4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
66
Risk Assessment Grid
Risk
Event Probability of Potential Potential Preparednes Level
Occurrence Severity/Risk Level Change in Care, s
of Failure Treatment,
Services
High Med Low None Life Permanent Temp None High Mod Low Non Poor Fair Good
Threatening Harm Harm e
Score: 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 3 2 1
GEOGRAPHY AND
COMMUNITY
Hurricanes 2 3 3 2 10
POTENTIAL INFECTION
COMMUNICATION
INFECTION CONTROL RISK ASSESSMENT
PROBABILITY RISK IMPACT (HEALTH, CURRENT SYSTEM/ SCO
FINANCIAL, LEGAL, PREPAREDNESS RE
POTENSIAL RISK/PROBLEM REGULATORY)
4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
68
Potential Risks/Problems Current Systems/Preparedness
Probability Risk/Impact (Health, Financial, Legal, Regulatory) Score
Expect it Likely Maybe Rare Never Catastrophic Loss Serious Loss Prolonged Length Moderate Clinical/ Minimal Clinical/ None Poor Fair Good Solid
(life/limb/ function/ (Function/ of Stay Financial Financial
financial) Financial/ Legal)
4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
MRSA
C Diff
VRE
Isolation Activities
Risk Risk
1=None 1=No Impact 1=highly prepared
2=Rare 2=Limited 2= moderate
3=Occasional 3=Substantial prepared Score
4=Frequent 4=Major 3=limited
Event Impact prepared
4=not prepared
Community MRSA 4 4 1 16
College town 3 1 1 3
Diabetic patients 4 3 1 12
Environmental 2 4 1 8
cleaning
Ringkasan