BRONKIOLITIS
dr. Vivi – dr. Lili – dr. Vera
Supervisor :
Prof. Dr. M. Sidhartani Zain, MSc, SpAK
Dr. Dwi Wastoro Dadiyanto, SpAK
Dr. MS Anam, MSi. Med, SpA
DEFINISI DAN EPIDEMIOLOGI
Bronkiolitis inflamasi akut dari bronkiolus
10 % Influenza
3 % human 39 % RV
metapeumovirus 76 % RSV
2 % corona virus
Sering 2-24 bulan puncak 2-8 bulan
Wagner T. Bronchiolitis. Pediatr Rev. 2009;30(10):386 LP-395. doi:10.1542/pir.30-10-386
Virus Awal infeksi
sal nafas atas
Reaksi Inflamasi
Zain, Magdalena S. Bronkiolitis In: Rahajoe NN, Supriyatno B, Setyanto DB, editors. Buku Ajar Respirologi Anak. IDAI.
Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2008
Carter ER, Marshall SG. Bronkiolitis in BS Darmawan, Fauzie R. Editor. Nelson: Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Esensial, 6th
Ed. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI. 2011
Meissner HC. Viral Bronchiolitis in Children. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(18):1793-1794. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1601509
Meissner HC. Viral Bronchiolitis in Children. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(18):1793-1794. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1601509
Demam
Batuk
Pilek ringan
batuk + sesak
Nafsu turun Rewel
Grunting
Wheezing
Muntah sianosis
Zain, Magdalena S. Bronkiolitis dalam Buku Ajar Respirologi Anak, edisi pertama. 2015. Jakarta:IDAI
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
Takipnea
Febris (>38,50C)
Retraksi interkosta
Carter ER dan Marshall SG. Bronkiolitis dalam Sistem Respiratori dalam Nelson Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Esensial, ed 6. 2011. Singapura: Elsevier.
Editor BS Darmawan dan Fauzie R. IDAI.
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
Rontgen Thorax
Kultur Sputum
PCR
Friedman JN, Rieder MJ, Walton JM. Bronchiolitis : Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and management of children one to 24 months of age. Paediatr
Chlild Health;19(9):485-91.2014
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive Guideline : The Diagnosis, Maagement, and Prevention
Faktor risiko penyakit berat
• Bayi prematur
• Usia bayi < 3 bulan
• Penyakit kardiopulmoner
• immunodefisiensi
Friedman JN, Rieder MJ, Walton JM. Bronchiolitis : Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and
management of children one to 24 months of age. Paediatr Chlild Health;19(9):485-91.2014
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive Guideline :
The Diagnosis, Maagement, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. llionis:AAP.Pediatrics.2014.134(5):e1474-502
Zorc JJ, Hall CB. Bronchiolitis: Recent evidence on diagnosis and management. Pediatrics 2010;125(2):342-9
TERAPI SUPPORTIVE
Air
NAFAS
Zain, Magdalena S. Bronkiolitis In: Rahajoe NN, Supriyatno B, Setyanto DB, editors. Buku Ajar Respirologi
Anak IDAI. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2008
TERAPI MEDIKA MENTOSA
O
• Pulse Oksimetri
2 • < 90/92 %
Friedman JN, Rieder MJ, Walton JM. Bronchiolitis : Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and
management of children one to 24 months of age. Paediatr Chlild Health;19(9):485-91.2014
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive Guideline :
The Diagnosis, Maagement, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. llionis:AAP.Pediatrics.2014.134(5):e1474-502
Saline Hipertonis
• Perbakan mucociliary clearance
• Tidak bermanfaat untuk kasus IGD / Rawat Jalan
• Mengurangi LOS untuk pasien rawat inap yang
sudah dirawat > 3 hari
• Belum ada pedoman baku unuk : konsentrasi, v
olume, frekuensi pemberian, lama pemberian
Sharma BS, Meena HM and Sharma P. Diagnosis & Management of Bronchiolitis in Children: An
Update. Austin J Emergency & Crit Care Med. 2017; 4(1): 1053.
Friedman JN, Rieder MJ, Walton JM. Bronchiolitis : Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and
management of children one to 24 months of age. Paediatr Chlild Health;19(9):485-91.2014
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive
Guideline : The Diagnosis, Maagement, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. llionis: AAP. Pediatrics. 2014.
134(5):e1474-502
Bronkodilator
• Masih kontroversial
– Perbaikan skor klinis jangka pendek
– Tidak terdapat perbaikan oksigenasi/angka peraw
atan di RS
– Penggunaannya tidak dianjurkan
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive
Guideline : The Diagnosis, Maagement, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. llionis: AAP. Pediatrics. 2014.
134(5):e1474-502
Gadomski AM, Scribani MB. Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2014. 6.(CD001266) : DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001266.pub4
Zain, Magdalena S. Bronkiolitis In: Rahajoe NN, Supriyatno B, Setyanto DB, editors. Buku Ajar Respirologi
Anak IDAI. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2008
Epinephrine Vs Placebo :
Epinephrine mengurangi angka perawatan, Pasien Ralan (jangka pendek)
Tak ada perbedaan LOS, Pasien Ranap
Epinephrine Vs Salbutamol :
Tak ada perbedaan angka perawatan, Pasien Ralan
Epinephrine mengurangi LOS, Pasien Ranap
Hartling L, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, Tjosvold L, Johnson DW, Plint AC, Klassen TP, et al. Epinephrine for bronchiolitis.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, 6 (CD003123). DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003123.pub3
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive Guideline :The
Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. llionis: AAP. Pediatrics. 2014. 134(5):e1474-502
Kortikosteroid
Penggunaan kortikosteroid oral pada bronkiolitis efektif terutama pada
Friedman JN, Rieder MJ, Walton JM. Bronchiolitis : Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and
management of children one to 24 months of age. Paediatr Chlild Health;19(9):485-91.2014
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM,et al. Clinical Practive
Guideline : The Diagnosis, Maagement, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. llionis: AAP. Pediatrics.
2014. 134(5):e1474-502
Zain, Magdalena S. Bronkiolitis In: Rahajoe NN, Supriyatno B, Setyanto DB, editors. Buku Ajar Respirologi
Anak IDAI. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2008
TERIMA KASIH
MOHON ASUPAN