KRONIK
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for The Diagnosis, Management,
and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2022. Available from: www.goldcopd.org.
FAKTOR RISIKO
• Merokok
• Polusi udara di rumah
• Populasi udara di lingkungan
• Populasi udara di tempat kerja
• Asap pembakaran: hutan, sampah
• Populasi udara
• Infeksi
• Status sosial ekonomi
• Gen: defisiensi alpha 1 antitripsin (AATD)
• Hiperaktif bronkus
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for The Diagnosis, Management,
and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2022. Available from: www.goldcopd.org.
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
PATOGENESIS PPOK
Beberapa mekanisme:
• Adanya proses inflamasi kronik
• Stress oksidatif
• Gangguan keseimbangan antara proteolitik dan anti
proteolitik
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for The Diagnosis, Management,
and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2021. Available from: www.goldcopd.org.
Diagnosis
• PPOK harus dipikirkan pada pasien
dengan sesak, batuk kronik/ produksi
sputum, riwayat infeksi saluran nafas
bawah yang rekuren dan/atau riwayat
eksposur faktor resiko dari penyakit
• Spirometri dibutuhkan untuk membuat
diagnosis (FEV1/FVC <0,7
mengkonfirmasi adanya hambatan aliran
nafas persisen)
Diagnosis
Gejala Keterangan
Sesak yaitu; Progresif (sesak bertambah seiring dengan berjalannya waktu).
Bertambah berat dengan aktifitas.
Presisten (menetap sepanjang hari).
Dijelaskan oleh bahasa pasien sebagai “perlu usaha untuk
bernafas”
Berat, sukar bernafas, terengah-engah.
Perkusi Pada emfisema hipersonor dan batas jantung mengecil, letak diafragma
rendah, hepar terdorong ke bawah.
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Diagnosis
Pemeriksaan Keterangan
Radiologi Ro Thorax hiperlusen, ruang intercostal melebar, diafragma mendatar,
jantung mengantung, hiperinflasi.
EKG Mengetahui komplikasi pada jantung yang ditandai oleh P pulmonal dan
hipertrofi ventrikel kanan.
Bakteriologi Sputum pewarnaan Gram dan kultur resistensi pola kuman dan memilih
antibiotik yang tepat.
Kadar alpa-1 Kadar α -1 antitripsin rendah pada emfisema herediter (emfisema pada usia
antitripsin muda), defisiensi antitripsin α -1 jarang ditemukan di Indonesia.
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© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
SPIROMETRI
• Spirometri merupakan uji fungsi paru dasar yang
mengukur udara inspirasi dan ekspirasi
• Terdapat 3 pengukuran standar
1. Volume
2. Waktu
3. Flow
Golongan Xantin
Inhalasi Kortikosteroid (ICS) Lepas lambat pemeliharaan jangka
panjang 25
kombinasi ICS dan LABA lebih efektif Bentuk tablet atau puyer mengatasi
sesak.
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for
Chronic Obstructive Lung
Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(Part I)
Vaksin
Vaksin pneumokokal;
23-penumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)
penderita PPOK usia muda dengan kondisi komormid yang
signifikan termasuk penyakit paru atau jantung kronik.
Penurunan insiden pada CAP pada pasien PPOK <65 tahun.
Rehabilitasi Paru
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Tatalaksana
Terapi Oksigen
Terapi Lainnya
Terapi Intervensi
Operasi pengurangan volume
paru
Bullectomy
Transplantasi
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Tatalaksana
Nutrisi
Malnutrisi bertambahnya kebutuhan energi akibat
kerja muskulus respirasi yang meningkat karena
hipoksemia kronik dan hiperkapni menyebabkan terjadi
hipermetabolisme.
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Ekaserbasi PPOK
• Diklasifikasikan menjadi
1. Mild (treated with short acting
bronchodilators only, SADBs)
2. Moderate (treated with SADBs plus
antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids)
3. Severe (memerlukan perawatan)
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
© 2022 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Terima
Kasih
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