INVENTORIES:
ADDITIONAL VALUATION ISSUES
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
9-1
Tujuan Pembelajaran
9-2
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
Lower-of-Cost-
or-Net Dasar Metode laba Metode Harga Analisa dan
Realizable Penilaian kotor eceran Pelaporan
Value (LCNRV)
9-3
Lower-of-Cost-or-Net Realizable Value
LCNRV
Perusahaan meninggalkan prinsip kos historis
Ketika nilai masa depan (kemampuan
menciptakan pendapatan) aset jatuh di bawah
kos perolehan awal.
LCNRV
Contoh situasi:
Persediaan Persediaan
Perubahan selera
Dibeli dgn harga dipasar bernilai
pelanggan
(kos) = Rp.8.000.000
Rp.15.000.000
Illustration 9-1
Illustration 9-3
12,000
Dicatat Kos Barang dijual 12,000
Sbg HPP Persediaan
9-10 12,000
LO 1 Describe and apply the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value rule.
Lower-of-Cost-or-Net Realizable Value
Tiga asumsi:
Illustration 9-13
Biaya angkut
Retur Pembelian
Potongan pembelian
Abnormal shortages
9-29
METODE HARGA ECERAN
Evaluasi
Banyak digunakan karena alasan sebagai berikut:
(1) Bisa digunakan untuk menghitung laba bersih
tanpa harus menggunakan perhitungan phisik.
(2) Dapat digunakan untuk mengontrol dalam
penentuan berkurangnya persediaan. .
(3) Informasi untuk informasi.
9-30
The requirements for accounting for and reporting inventories are more
principles-based under IFRS. That is, U.S. GAAP provides more
detailed guidelines in inventory accounting.
Who owns the goods—goods in transit, consigned goods, special sales
agreements—as well as the costs to include in inventory are essentially
accounted for the same under IFRS and U.S. GAAP.
U.S. GAAP permits the use of LIFO for inventory valuation. IFRS
prohibits its use. FIFO and average cost are the only two acceptable
cost flow assumptions permitted under IFRS. Both sets of standards
permit specific identification where appropriate.
9-31
In the lower-of-cost-or-market test for inventory valuation, IFRS defines
market as net realizable value. U.S. GAAP, on the other hand, defines
market as replacement cost subject to the constraints of net realizable
value (the ceiling) and net realizable value less a normal markup (the
floor). IFRS does not use a ceiling or a floor to determine market.
Under U.S. GAAP, if inventory is written down under the LCM valuation,
the new basis is now considered its cost. As a result, the inventory may
not be written back up to its original cost in a subsequent period. Under
IFRS, the write-down may be reversed in a subsequent period up to the
amount of the previous write-down. Both the write-down and any
subsequent reversal should be reported on the income statement.
9-32
Unlike property, plant, and equipment, IFRS does not permit the option
of valuing inventories at fair value. As indicated above, IFRS requires
inventory to be written down, but inventory cannot be written up above
its original cost.
As indicated, IFRS requires both biological assets and agricultural
produce at the point of harvest to be reported to net realizable value.
U.S. GAAP does not require companies to account for all biological
assets in the same way. Furthermore, these assets generally are not
reported at net realizable value. Disclosure requirements also differ
between the two sets of standards.
9-33