KRIMINOLOGI

Oleh :
Topo Santoso, SH. MH.
MATERI PEMBAHASAN

„ Mengapa Kriminologi
Lahir ?
„ Apa Kriminologi itu ?
„ Apa obyek studi
Kriminologi ?
„ Mazhab 2
Kriminologi
„ Teori-teori
Kriminologi
MENGAPA KRIMINOLOGI
LAHIR ?

„ Ketidakpuasan pada
:
1) Hukum Pidana
2) Hukum Acara
Pidana
3) Cara
Penghukuman

„ Penerapan Statistik
 Apa Kriminologi itu ?
(Definisi)
„ Ilmu pengetahuan yang
bertujuan menyelidiki gejala
kejahatan seluas-luasnya
(Bonger)
„ The body of knowledge
regarding crime as a social
phenomenon (Sutherland)
„ kumpulan ilmu pengetahuan
tentang kejahatan yang
bertujuan untuk memperoleh
pengetahuan dan pengertian
tentang gejala kejahatan
dengan jalan mempelajari dan
menganalisa secara ilmiah
keterangan2, keseragaman2,
pola2 dan faktor2 kausal yg.
Berhubungan dg. Kejahatan,
Pelaku kejahatan, serta reaksi
masyarakat thd. Keduanya
(Wolfgang, Savitz, Johnston)
OBYEK STUDI
KRIMINOLOGI

„ Kejahatan

„ Penjahat

„ Reaksi
Masyarakat
terhadap
Kejahatan
dan Penjahat
MAZHAB2 DALAM
KRIMINOLOGI
„ Klasik
- Indeterminisme
- free will
(Becharia, Bentham)
„ Positif
- Determinisme
- Biologi
- Psikologi
- Kultural
„ Kriminologi Baru
TEORI 2 KRIMINOLOGI
„ Teori 2 dr.
Perspektif
Biologi dan
Psikologi

„ Teori 2 dr.
Perspektif
Sosiologi

„ Teori 2 dr.
Perspektif lain
 TEORI 2 DARI
PERSPEKTIF BIOLOGI

„ C. Lombroso
(L’huomoDelinquente -
Atavistic Stigmata)
„ Enrico Ferri & Garofalo
„ Charles B.Goring
„ Body Types
( Kretcmer, Hooten,
Seldon, Glueck &
Glueck)
„ Disfungsi Otak &
Learning Disabilities
„ Faktor 2 Genetika
TEORI 2 DARI
PERSPEKTIF
SOSIOLOGIS
„ Strain
Theories
(Anomie,
Strain)
„ Cultural
Deviance
Theories
( Social
disorganizatio
n, differential
association,
culture
conflik)
„ Control Social
ANOMIE THEORI
(Emile Durkheim)
„ Struktural
functionalist

„ anomie

„ normlessnes

„ sudden
economic
change
 STRAIN THEORY
(Robert K.Merton)
„ Cultural goals &
legitimate means

„ Disparity between
goals & means
fosters frustation,
which leads to
strain

„ Modes of
Adaptations
(conformity,
innovation,
ritualism,
retreatism,
rebellion)
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY

„ Criminal behavior is learned

„ Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other person in
a process of communication
„ The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs
within intimate personal groups
„ When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a)
techniques of commiting the crime; (b) the specific direction
of motives, drives, rationalizations, & attitudes
„ The specific direction of motives & drives is learned from
definitions of the legal codes as fovorable or unfavorable
„ A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of
definitios favorable to violation of law over definitions
unfavorable to violation of law
„ Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration,
priority, & intencity
„ The process of learning criminal behavior by association with
criminal & anticriminal patterns involves all mechanism that
are involved in any other learning
„ While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and
values, it is not explained by those general needs and values,
since noncriminal behavior is an expression of the same needs
and values.
 DIFFERENTIAL
A S SOCI A T ION TH E
ORY
(E. H. Sutherland)

„ KEJAHATAN ITU
DIPELAJARI
SOCIAL CONTROL
THEORY

„ Social Bonds
1. Attachment
2.
Commitment
3.
Involvement
4. Belief
(Hirchi)

„ Techniques of
Netralization
(Matza)
 THEORI 2 PERSPEKTIF
LAIN

„ Labeling

„ Conflict

„ Critical