id
www.dmc.kemhan.go.id
PERLUKAH UU KAMNAS?
Special Edition2015
Edisi Khusus 2015 11
INDONESIA
MENHAN DAN SEGENAP WARGA
KEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
MENGUCAPKAN
DIRGAHAYU TNI KE 70
JAYALAH TNI
2 Edisi Khusus 2015
Serambi Redaksi
Pada bulan ini tim WIRA menerbitkan edisi Khusus 2015 dengan menyuguhkan
artikel menarik menyambut HUT TNI ke- 70. Pada kesempatan ini kami mengangkat
tema Program Legislasi Nasional 2015 di mana Kementerian Pertahanan sedang
menggodog Undang-Undang Keamanan Nasional yang sampai saat ini masih
dilakukan penyempurnaan. Artikel yang ditampilkan adalah yang berkaitan
dengan Prolegnas diantaranya Urgensi UU Kamnas dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan
Indonesia, Kebutuhan akan Undang-undang Keamanan Nasional, Pro Kontra
Undang-Undang Keamanan Nasional serta artikel mengenai Komponen Cadang
dan Komponen Pendukung Simplikasi Bela Negara dalam Pusaran Ancaman
Nyata maupun Belum nyata
Semoga majalah WIRA edisi Khusus tahun 2015 ini dapat memberikan
manfaat bagi kita semua dan Tak lupa tim redaksi mengucapkan Dirgahayu
Tentara Nasional Indonesia yang ke 70, Jayalah TNI
Sekjen Kemhan,
Letjen TNI Ediwan Prabowo, S.IP
Pemimpin Umum:
KEBUTUHAN AKAN UNDANG-UNDANG
Kapuskom Publik Kemhan,
KEAMANAN NASIONAL
Brigjen TNI Djundan Eko Bintoro, M.Si
(Han)
14
Pemimpin Redaksi:
Redaksi:
Desain Grafis: 20
Lettu Sus Farah Merila S, S.Kom.,
Imam Rosyadi,
Foto:
30
sumber: muhajir12
38
KEAMANAN
ANCAMAN TERORISME MARITIM
46
ENERGI
ENERGI BAGI KEBERLANJUTAN MEF
MAMPUKAH MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN ENERGI PENGGERAK
ALUTSISTA DI TENGAH LAJU DEPLESI MINYAK NASIONAL?
53
credit b: scorpiojayaadiwisesa.wordpress.com
URGENSI UU KAMNAS
DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Oleh :
PENUTUP
a.
Keberadaan UU Kamnas merupakan
penjabaran dari UUD 1945 yang secara politik
hukum telah didukung oleh Pemerintahan
Presiden Joko Widodo-Wakil Presiden Jusuf
Kalla untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum
terkait masalah keamanan nasional yang lebih
integratif, sehingga harus didukung semua
pihak dalam rangka mendukung sistem
ketatanegaraan Indonesia yang berorientasi
pada tujuan dan kepentingan nasional.
para pakar dari segala ilmu yang memberi b. Pemahaman UU Kamnas harus dilihat secara
masukan terkait isu-isu yang akan dibahas dan komprehensif dalam suatu sistem terpadu
diputuskan oleh Forum DKN. dan bukan fragmentaris serta sektoral,
sehingga perlu konsolidasi, harmonisasi dan
Secara lebih detail DKN juga harus terdiri dari sinkronisasi (vertikal dan horizontal) serta
pakar-pakar dari masing-masing Kementerian adaptasi terhadap peraturan perundang-
dan ahli-ahli di luar pemerintahan yang turut undangan sektoral yang sudah ada pasca
merancang desain strategi nasional dalam reformasi 1998.***
menjawab ancaman keamanan nasional. DKN
tugasnya hanya merekomendasi pada tataran
strategis bukan tataran teknis. Keberadaan UU
Kamnas tidak akan memangkas kewenangan
PENYELENGGARAAN KAMNAS
3)
Menyarankan instrumen operasional
pelaksanaan tugas;
Untuk keterpaduan penanganan keamanan Pendapat Pro dan Kontra terhadap RUU
nasional diperlukan kehadiran Dewan Keamanan Kamnas yang berkembang di masyarakat adalah
Nasional (DKN) yang secara umum bertugas keniscayaan dalam NKRI yang merupakan
merumuskan ketetapan kebijakan dan strategi negara demokratis. Maka perbedaan tersebut
keamanan nasional sebagai konsep jangka harus disikapi dengan pikiran yang jernih, hati
panjang menyangkut keamanan perorangan, yang bersih serta berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah
masyarakat, dan negara. DKN juga bertugas yang fundamental seperti 4 (empat) Pilar
merancang konsep cara bertindak Presiden Kebangsaan (Pancasila, UUD 45, NKRI, Bhineka
dalam mengatasi keadaan darurat atau masalah Tunggal Ika) maupun Kepentingan Nasional
keamanan yang muncul, baik dalam skala dan prioritasnya. Perbedaan opini dijembatani
nasional maupun global. Jadi, keberadaan dengan Komunikasi Publik, Sosialisasi Materi,
DKN dapat mencegah kesewenang-wenangan Ruang Publik untuk penyempurnaan, termasuk
aparat di lapangan serta menghindari kebijakan di DPR. Tanggapan terhadap RUU Kamnas
dan tindakan pemerintah yang bertentangan untuk menyamakan persepsi merupakan opsi
dengan perundang-undangan. yang terus dibuka.
Definisi Kamnas itu sendiri yaitu kondisi Sudah saatnya kita semua perlu memahami
dinamis seluruh bangsa dan negara Indonesia dan mencermati RUU Kamnas dengan sikap
yang menjamin terlindunginya rasa aman, damai yang benar, kritis, logis agar mendapatkan
dan sejahtera setiap warga negara, masyarakat, Undang-Undang Kamnas yang terbaik. Apalagi
bangsa dan negara serta keberlangsungan Undang-Undang Kamnas merupakan milik
pembangunan nasional dari segala bentuk seluruh bangsa Indonesia.***
PRO-KONTRA
Ketika eskalasi ancaman pada Negara sudah dalam menggunakan sumber daya nasional bagi
bergerak menuju derajat yang membahayakan, pertahanan negara. Namun, sampai dengan
secara pararel Negara pasti akan membutuhkan diagendakannya Prolegnas periode 2015-
sumber daya yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk 2019 RUU pengelolaan sumber daya nasional
melindungi kepentingan negara. Oleh karenanya pertahanan negara yang diajukan ke DPR juga
menjadi logis bila dibuat instrumen yang masih menemui banyak hambatan. Sintesa bela
berwujud undang-undang khusus yang mengatur negara masih menjadi diskursus publik yang
sumber daya nasional pertahanan Negara, untuk sering diperdebatkan oleh berbagai kalangan
mendukung kekuatan TNI. Terkait dengan hal dalam berbagai kesempatan. Dinamika demokrasi
tersebut, saat ini Kementerian Pertahanan sedang juga memunculkan pandangan-pandangan
menyusun draft RUU Pengelolaan Sumber Daya kritis bahwa komponen cadangan merupakan
Nasional untuk Pertahanan Negara sebagai wajib militer dan RUU Komponen Cadangan itu
payung hukum yang demokratis bagi negara melanggar HAM. Kondisi berlarut yang demikian,
PERLUKAH UU KAMNAS?
URGENSI PENGATURAN
KEAMANAN NASIONAL
SEBAGAI UPAYA MELINDUNGI
KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL
Oleh:
sumber: aedicodn.wordpress.com
sumber: aedicodn.wordpress.com
All Readers,
We really hope that WIRA’s special edition 2015 will give us all benefits. Last
but not least, we would like to congratulate the Indonesian Armed Forces on its
70th Anniversary. Long live the Indonesian Armed Forces.
EDITORIAL BOARD
THE URGENCY OF THE LAW ON NATIONAL SECURITY
Advisor: IN INDONESIA’S STATE ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Minister of Defense 6
General (Ret.) Ryamizard Ryacudu
Editor in Chief:
Managing Editor:
14
Editor:
Imam Rosyadi,
Photo:
26
Published by:Public Affairs Office of MoD,
Jl. Merdeka Barat 13-14 Jakarta
30
38
SECURITY
46
ENERGY
ENERGY FOR MEF SUSTAINABILITY IS IT ABLE TO
FULFIL THE NEED OF THE MAIN WEAPONRY SYSTEM
DRIVING ENERGY IN THE NATIONAL OIL DEPLETION?
53
sumber: scorpiojayaadiwisesa.wordpress.com
By :
national resources in organizing national security. State Defense, Law No. 15/2003 on Eradication
of Terrorism Crimes, Law No. 32/2004 on
To date, legislation that regulates national Regional Governments, Law No. 34/2004 on the
security includes: Law No. 6/1946 on Danger Indonesian Armed Forces, Law No. 24/2004 on
Situation, Law No. 74/1957 on the Revocation of Natural Disasters Prevention, Law No. 14/2008 on
“Regelling op de Staat Van Oorlog en Beleg” and Openness of Public Information, Law No. 35/2009
the stipulation of “Danger Situation”, Amendment on Narcotics, Law No. 36/2009 on Health, Law No.
Regulation No. 23/1959 on Danger Situation, 17/2011 on Intelligence, and Law No. 7/2012 on
Government Regulation No. 16/1960 on Request Handling of Social Conflicts, and so on. However,
and Implementation of Military Assistance. the legislation remains sectoral, overlapping, and
Technical Laws issued after Reform include separated from the strong ego-sectoral interests.
Law No. 39/1999 on the Human Rights, Law No. It causes weak effectiveness of the handling of
2/2002 on the Police, Law No. 3/2002 on the various national security issues or threats.
c. Implementation
the concept of national security, the content, and National security executors consist of
the roles of the Indonesian Armed Forces and main elements and supporting elements,
the Indonesian Police as well as other national implemented in an integrated and synergic way.
security elements can be met to avoid hesitation The main elements and the supporting elements
in the implementation of the field duties. are determined according to development of the
escalation, types, and form of the threats. Efforts
ORGANIZING NATIONAL SECURITY
to implement national security are a series of
a. National Security Elements
b. Management
It can be scientifically proved that most The Law on National Security is urgently needed
countries in the world already have Law on to support the country’s security stability and to
National Security. The United States, for instance, anticipate various threats, from geographical,
has already the Law on National Security since demographic, social, geological, political, social,
1947 (National Security Act of 1947). Australia has cultural, and defense and security.
even such law since 1939 (National Security Act
of 1939). The agreeing group considers the state’s
strategic aspect in taking global threats and
Despite criticism from the international self-defense strategies into account. It must be
community, Malaysia has also applied the Internal understood that the concept of national security
Security Act since 1960. Some provisions in the is not just the state’s security as an entity of
law may need to be adjusted to the global situation. a sovereign country but also in the frame of
However, in principal, thanks to the law, Malaysia protecting the citizens’ rights. It is in this frame
is capable to maintain the country’s security and that the country has the obligation to pay attention
Legislators must be able to convince the In addition, the legislators must ensure that
people that the existing articles have no agenda of the Bill on National Security synchronizes with
giving birth to militarism. Simply said, the military previous related laws. One of the weaknesses
will no longer exist in all lines of the people’s life of our legislation products is the absence of
and activities by bringing its military doctrine. synchronization between one to another regulation.
There are worries that the Law on National There are also worries that the Bill on National
Security will make the armed forces superior and Security will contradict the Law on the Indonesian
the people inferior. This is what many people Armed Forces. Under the Bill on National Security,
On the other hand, under Article 7 paragraph The Bill on National Security must therefore be
3 jo Explanation of Article 5 of the Law on the synchronized carefully with the Law No. 3/2004 on
Indonesian Armed Forces, deployment of the the Indonesian Armed Forces, Law No. 2/2002 on
Indonesian Armed Forces shall be based on the Indonesian Police, Law N0. 3/2002 on Defense,
the state’s political decision. It means that the Law No. 15/2003 on Terrorism Eradication, Law
authority to deploy the Indonesian Armed Forces No. 17/2011 on Intelligence, Law No 39/1999
shall obtain a consideration from the House of on the Human Rights, and Law No. 24/2007 on
Representatives. Disasters Prevention.
When the threats to a country escalate to a the period 2015-2019 has been scheduled,
dangerous level, the country definitely needs management of the national resources for the state
resources of which it can take advantage to defense which has been submitted to the House
protect its interests. It is therefore logical when of Representatives still sees many constraints; the
an instrument is made in the form of a special state defense remains a public discourse which
law that regulates national resources of the state is often debated by various circles in various
defense to support the strength of the Indonesian occasions. The democracy dynamics also bring
Armed Forces. In relation with it, the Ministry of out critical opinions that Reserve Components
Defense is currently drafting a Bill on National are military service and the Bill on Reserve
Resources Management for the State Defense as a Components violates the human rights. Such a
democratic legal umbrella for the country in using condition is caused by the absence of unification
national resources for the state defense. However, of ideas as a foothold to be translated to the
although the National Legislation Program of state defense postulate by Reserve Components
URGENCY OF REGULATING
NATIONAL SECURITY
AS EFFORTS TO PROTECT
NATIONAL INTERESTS
By:
PARTICULARITIES OF THE BILL ON NATIONAL The National Security Council (DKN) plays
SECURITY ACCORDING TO THE CHARACTER a role to simulate and formulate solutions to the
OF INDONESIAN NATION President involving the government and the
people in a vessel not an operational institution
The Bill on National Security is a system of law
and different from the past such as operational
that integrates the roles, duties, and functions of the
institutions, including Kopkamtib and Bakortanas.
national security organizing comprehensively. The
integrated roles of the whole national community The Law on National Security shall not eliminate
respond the broad spectrum of problems in the the prevailing laws, and instead synergize one
national scale to ensure protection to the country to the others without reducing the substance
and its content. There are the main roles of the on authorities and removing the freedom of
people as the subject of national security. In other democracy. Therefore, there is no reason
words, the Law on National Security as a realization whatsoever to whoever worrying some developing
of the collective response to protect the country is thoughts that the Law on National Security will
highly sensitive to disintegration, disturbances to return the authorities/position of the Indonesian
sovereignty and environmental impacts. Armed Forces, who, in the past, were allowed to
get involved in politics; or will reduce authorities of
Building national security to strengthen the
the Indonesian Police; or even relieving freedom
institutional culture in the democratization process
and democracy.
must prioritize the national interests. The prevailing
Law on Danger Situation does not touch on the With reference to the above thought, as
people’s roles whatsoever in solving national mentioned in the Bill on National Security, national
issues. On the contrary, the Law on National security is the dynamic condition of the nation and
Security places the people as the subject who the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia that
participate in solving national issues. guarantees security of the people and protection
Bantarto Bandoro
Senior Lecturer at Indonesian Defense University
PROBLEMATIC CONCEPT
APPROACH PROPOSAL
With an assumption that 50 liters are consumed must accessible to even the most remote areas.
in one week, 4 times of filling in 1 month, the
saving in a year will be 4 x 12 x IDR 115.000 = IDR IMPORTANT POINTS OF FUEL TO GAS
5.520.000. With an assumption that a converter kit CONVERSION
is IDR 13.5 million, it will be paid after ± 2 years of It is important to understand the difference
filling (IDR 13.500.000/IDR 5.520.000). The saving between LGV and CNG, with reference to the
will be larger if CNG is used. A converter kit will be main goal of fuel to gas conversion. Based on the
paid after 62 times of fuel filling or 16 months for 4 composition, LGV (Liquid Gas for Vehicle) mostly
times of filling in 1 month. consists of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10),
If calculated per liter, conversion of 100 kiloliters while CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) consists of
of premium to LGV will save IDR 230 million or methane (CH4). LGV is the same as LPG, a product
IDR 430 million with CNG. Saving of 1 month, 1 of crude oil distillation, while CNG is compressed
year, etc, can be calculated, and the fund can natural gas. In terms of the use and infrastructure,
be allocated for converter kits. If applied at the LVG may be more practical. However, fuel to LGV
plan of the defense fuel need in 2016 (±18.000 conversion is not a solution to reduce import or
KL), conversion of 30% of premium can already decrease dependence on oil. Therefore, for long-
save budget of ± IDR 12 billion with LGV or IDR 23 term use, CNG is more recommendable in terms of
billion with CNG (Table 4). affordability and availability. LGV is only effective