DEPARTEMEN
KEPERAWATAN ANAK
OLEH :
Fharida Yuniar
202010461011038
2020
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
DEPARTEMEN
KEPERAWATAN ANAK
KELOMPOK 2
NIM: 202010461011038
1. PRESUS : RDS
2. Presjur
3.
4.
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN..............................................................................2
LEMBAR PENILAIAN...................................................................................3
DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................4
BAB I. LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN............................................................5
A.........................................................................................................Definisi 5
B.........................................................................................................Etiologi 5
C.................................................................................................Epidemologi 5
D.........................................................................................Tanda dan Gejala 5
E...................................................................................................Patofisologi 5
F................................................................................Pemeriksaan Penunjang 5
G...........................................................................................Penatalaksanaan 5
H...........................Konsep Asuhan Keperawatan (FOKUS PADA KASUS) 5
I.....................................................................Diagnosa Keperawatan (SDKI) 5
J.........................................................................Luaran Keperawatan (SLKI) 5
K....................................................................Intervensi Keperawatan (SIKI) 5
L..............................................................................................Daftar Pustaka 5
BAB II. ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN............................................................6
A...........................................................................................CASE REPORT 6
B...................................................................Pengkajian (Focus Assesement) 6
C.................................................................................................Analisa Data 6
D...................................................................Diagnosa Keperawatan (SDKI) 6
E........................................................................Luaran Keperawatan (SLKI) 6
F.........................................................................Luaran Keperawatan (SIKI) 6
BAB III. INTERVENSI KEPERAWATAN (EVIDENCE BASED NURSING) 7
A..................................................................................Masalah Keperawatan 7
B...........................................Intervesi by Evidence Based Nursing (Journal) 7
C.............................................................Daftar Pustaka (Sumber Reference) 7
BAB IV. DIRECTLY OBSERVED PROCEDURAL SKILL (DOPS)...........8
1........................................................................Judul Tindakan Keperawatan 8
2........................................................................Judul Tindakan Keperawatan 8
3........................................................................Judul Tindakan Keperawatan 8
4........................................................................Judul Tindakan Keperawatan 8
5........................................................................Judul Tindakan Keperawatan 8
BAB V. MEET THE EXPERT (MTE)..........................................................10
Daftar Pustaka.................................................................................................11
BAB I
LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN
A. Definisi
ARDS sering disebabkan oleh penyakit kritis, seperti sepsis atau pneumonia
berat. Salah satu penyebab pneumonia yang saat ini sedang menjadi pandemik
adalah virus Corona (COVID-19). Menurut sejumlah penelitian, beberapa pasien
COVID-19 bisa mengalami ARDS dalam perjalanan penyakitnya.
B. Etiologi
Pada kondisi normal, membran yang melindungi pembuluh darah kapiler menjaga
cairan tetap di dalam pembuluh darah. Namun, pada ARDS, cedera atau penyakit
berat menyebabkan kerusakan pada membran pelindung tersebut, sehingga cairan
bocor ke alveoli.
Penumpukan cairan tersebut membuat paru-paru tidak bisa terisi udara, sehingga
pasokan oksigen ke aliran darah dan tubuh menjadi berkurang. Kekurangan pasokan
oksigen ini akan menyebabkan terhentinya fungsi organ, termasuk otak dan ginjal.
Jika dibiarkan, kondisi ini akan mengancam nyawa penderitanya.
Sepsis
Cedera di kepala atau dada, misalnya akibat benturan atau kecelakaan
Pneumonia (infeksi paru-paru) yang berat
Luka bakar
Menghirup zat berbahaya, seperti asap pekat atau uap kimia
Tersedak atau kondisi nyaris tenggelam
Menerima transfusi darah dengan volume darah yang banyak
Pankreatitis (Agrina, 2017).
C. Manifestasi Klinis
Beberapa gejala dan tanda yang dapat muncul pada penderita ARDS adalah:
D. Patofisologi
Pathway
E. Pemeriksaan Penunjang
F. Penatalaksanaan
Agrina I and Papaioannou V. The New Berlin Definition: What Is, Finally, the ARDS?
Bakhtiar W and Slutsky A. Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and ARDS. In:
Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, Jr TEK and Lazarus SC, (Eds.). Murray & Nadel's
ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
A. CASE REPORT
Seorang anak laki-laki berusia 4 tahun dengan riwayat medis dan keluarga biasa-
biasa saja dibawa ke ruang gawat darurat dengan riwayat 2 hari malaise, lesu, takipnea,
sakit tenggorokan, sakit perut, muntah dan dehidrasi. Dalam retrospeksi, riwayat
mengungkapkan poliuria, polidipsia dan penurunan berat badan 4 kg yang
didokumentasikan dalam 3 minggu sebelum masuk. Dia tidak demam, takipnea (46
napas per menit) dengan pernapasan Kussmaul, detak jantung 156 detak per menit dan
tekanan darah 90/55 mm Hg. Temuan fisik pasien termasuk rasa kantuk ringan, tidak
ada distensi jugularis, dengan ronki difus di semua area paru.
Foto rontgen dada menunjukkan infiltrat difus berat bilateral yang konsisten dengan
sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut.
Komputasi tomografi dada beresolusi tinggi yang menunjukkan area bilateral dengan
kelainan tambal sulam dan penampilan serta konsolidasi ground-glass campuran.
Gambar 3
ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
STASE : KEPERAWATAN ANAK
Ruang : …………………………………………………
I. IDENTITAS DATA.
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d. Tindakan pemberian cairan saat ini : Infuse Insulin, saline intravena, penggantian kalium, ekpansi
volume
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e. Tindakan pemberian Obat-obatan saat ini : Pengobatan gejala pernapasan, vasopressor dan
inotoprik
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f. Tindakan terhadap Aktifitas saat ini (cth ; terpasang strain? Dll) : terpasang intubasi
endotrakeal dan ventilasi mekanis
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h. Tindakan /kebutuhan Px. Radiologi yang dijalani saat ini : Kultur spesimen urin dan kultur
tenggorokan
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i. Lain-lain :
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e. Riwayat Injury/kecelakaaan
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f. Riwayat Alergi
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g. Riwayat Imunisasi
No Jenis Imunisasi Usia frekwensi pemberian Reaksi pasca imunisasi
1. Hepatitis
2. Polio
3. BCG
4 Pentabio
5. Campak
6. Lain-lain (sebutkan)
i. Riwayat pertumbuhan
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a. Yang mengasuh
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a. Sosial Ekonomi
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b. Penyakit keluarga
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VIII. PENGKAJIAN TINGKAT PERKEMBANGAN (DDTK) SAAT INI ( maks < 6 tahun)
a. Personal social
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c. Bahasa
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d. Motorik kasar
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Inteprestasi
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Interpretasi ______________________________________________________________
Interpretasi ______________________________________________________________
Interpretasi ______________________________________________________________
Interpretasi ______________________________________________________________
e. Kebutuhan Aktifitas / bermain :
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Interpretasi ______________________________________________________________
X. PENGKAJIAN POLA KESEHATAN (sesuai usia dan saat sakit saat ini)
h. Pola Koping atau temperamen dan disiplin yang diterapkan selama ini
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a. Keadaan umum
Tingkat kesadaran : Ngantuk ringan, lelah, tidak nyaman ………………………………………………
Nadi : 156x/menit…………… Suhu : ……………………… RR : 46x/menit TD : 90/55x menit
Respon nyeri : ……………………… ……………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………
BB : ……………………… TB : ……………………… LLA : ……………………… LK : ………………………
b. Kulit
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c. Kepala
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d. Mata
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e. Telinga
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f. Hidung
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g. Mulut
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h. Leher
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i. Dada
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j. Payudara
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k. Paru-paru
Ronki di semua lapang paru
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l. Jantung
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m. Abdomen
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n. Genetalia
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o. Punggung
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q. Musculoskeletal
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r. Neurology
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- Ronchi
- Gelisah
- Sianosis
- Pola napas berubah
- Frekuensi napas berubah
- Kolaborasi penentuan
dosis oksigen
2. Bersihan Jalan Napas Tidak Bersihan Jalan Napas (L. Manajemen Jalan Napas (1.
Efektif (D.0001) b/d Sekresi 01001) : 01011)
yang tertahan
- Produksi Sputum menurun Observasi:
(5)
- Monitor Pola Napas
- Dispnea menurun (5)
- Monitor Bunyi Napas
- Sianosis menurun (5)
tambahan
- Gelisah menurun (5)
- Monitor Sputum
- Frekuensi Napas membaik
Terapeutik:
(5)
- Pola Napas membaik (5) - Pertahankan kepatenan
jalan napas dengan head-
thilt dan chin-lift
- Posisikan semi-flower
dan flower
- Lakukan fisioterapi dada,
jika perlu
- Lakukan penghisapan
lender kurang dari 15
detik
- Berikan oksigen, jika
perlu
Edukasi:
3. Pola Napas Tidak efektif (D. Pola Napas (L. 01004): Pemantauan Respirasi (1.
0006) b/d Hambatan Upaya 01014):
- Dispnea menurun (5)
Napas
- Penggunaan otot bantu Observasi:
napas menurun (5)
- Monitor frekuensi, irama,
- Frekuensi napas membaik
upaya dan kedalaman
(5)
napas
- Monitor pola napas
- Monitor adanya produksi
sputum
- Monitor adanya
sumbatan jalan napas
- Auskultasi bunyi napas
Terapeutik :
- Atur interval
pemantauan respirasi
sesuai kondisi pasien
- dokumentasikan hasil
pemantauan
Edukasi: