HT
• Idopatik, genetik
Essensial
HT
• Ada penyakit yang mendasari
Sekunder
KLASIFIKASI
Type Percent of Clinical Clues
Patients
Essensial 95% • Onset : 20-50 years
• Family History
• Normal serum K+ , urinalysis
Chronic Renal Disease 2-4% ↑ creatinine, abnormal urinalysis
Primary aldosteronism 1-2% ↓serum K+
Renovascular 1% • Abdominal bruit
• Sudden onset (>50yo,<20yo)
• ↓serum K+
Pheochromocytoma 0.2% • Paroxysms of palpitations, diaphoresis, anxiety
• Episodic hypertension
Coarctation of aorta 0.1% • BP in arms > legs; right arm > left arm
• Middiastolyc murmur b/w scapulae
• CRX : aortic indentation, rib-notching due to collaterals
Cushing syndrome 0.1% “Cushingoid” appearance
PATOFISIOLOGI
JVC 7 vs JNC 8
PENATALAKSANAAN
TATALAKSANA NON -FARMAKOLOGIS
TATALAKSANA FARMAKOLOGIS
PEMILIHAN ANTIHIPERTENSI
Indikasi Antihipertensi Pilihan
Gagal jantung ACE-I/ARB + BB + Diuretik + Spironolakton
CKD ACE-I/ARB
Calsium antagonis AV-Blok (derajat 2 atau 3), disfungsi LV, gagal jantung
URGENCY EMERGENCY
HYPERTENSION HYPERTENSION
EMERGENSI VS URGENSI
Hipertensi Urgensi
• Menggunakan antihipertensi oral
• TD diturunkan dalam waktu beberapa jam hingga hari
Terapi HT Emergensi
Tatalaksana HT Emergensi
Drug Dose Onset of Duration of Special indications
actions action
Farmakologi
CKD : ACE-I atau ARB Hipertensi Emergensi
Non- CKD : Thiazide, ACE-I, ARB, CCB Kerusakan target organ (+)
Antihipertensi Kontraindikasi Antihipertensi iv : Nitroprusside,
nitrogliserin, nicardipine, clonidin
Diuretik Gout, sindroma metabolik, intoleransi glukosa,
B-Bloker Asma, AV-Blok (derajat 2 atau 3), gagal jantung Hipertensi Urgensi
akut Kerusakan target organ (-)
Ca- antagonis AV-Blok (derajat 2 atau 3), gagal jantung Antihipertensi oral : captopril,
ACE-inhibior Hamil, angioedema, hiperkalemia, (efek laabetolol, clonidin, nifedipin
samping: batuk)
ARB Hamil, angioedema, hiperkalemia