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HIDROSFER

1. Identitas
a. Mata Pelajaran : Geografi
b. Semester : 2 (Dua)
c. Kompetensi Dasar :

3.7. Menganalisis dinamika hidrosfer dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan.

4.7 Menyajikan proses dinamika hidrosfer menggunakan peta, bagan, gambar,
tabel, grafik, video, dan/atau animasi

d. Materi Pokok : Hidrosfer (Perairan)

e. Alokasi Waktu : 3 JP X 6
f. Tujuan Pembelajaran:

Melalui diskusi, tanya jawab, penugasan, presentasi dan analisis, peserta didik
dapat menganalisis dinamika hidrosfer dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan serta dapat
menyajikan proses dinamika hidrosfer menggunakan peta, bagan, gambar, tabel, grafik,
video, dan/atau animasi, sehingga peserta didik dapat mensyukuri karya sang Pencipta,
terlibat aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, memiliki rasa ingin tahu, teliti dalam
melakukan pengamatan dan bertanggung jawab dalam menyampaikan pendapat yang
dianutnya, serta dapat mengembangankan kemampuan berpikir kritis, berkomunikasi,
berkolaborasi, berkreasi(4C).

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g. Materi Pembelajaran

Petunjuk Umum

1. Pastikan dan fokuskan apa yang akan anda

pelajari hari ini.
2. Baca dan pahami Pendahuluan (Apersepsi)
untuk membantu anda memfokuskan
permasalahan yang akan dipelajari.
3. Cari referensi/buku-buku teks yang terkait
dengan topik/permasalahan yang anda hadapi.
4. Jangan lupa browsing internet untuk menda-
patkan pengetahuan yang up to date.
5. Selalu diskusikan setiap persoalan yang ada
dengan teman-teman dan atau guru.
6. Presentasikan hasil pemahaman anda agar
bermanfaat bagi orang lain.

Jika tahapan-tahapan telah kalian lewati, kalian boleh meminta tes

formatif kepada Bp/Ibu guru sebagai prasyarat untuk melanjutkan ke
UKBM berikutnya. Oke.?!

a) Pendahuluan
Agar konsep dan teori yang akan Anda pelajari pada UKB ini dapat
Anda kuasai dengan baik, maka terlebih dahulu bacalah Buku Teks
Pelajaran (BTP) berikut: Geografi untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Kelompok
Peminatan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Yasinto Sindhu P. Penerbit
Erlangga dengan materi Dinamika Hidrosfer dan Dampaknya terhadap
Kehidupan halaman 262-294. untuk keperluan ini Anda juga boleh
mencarinya di internet.

Ayo…sekarang perhatikan lagi peta konsep materi Dinamika Hidrosfer

dan Dampaknya terhadap Kehidupan!

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b) Peta Konsep 3.6/4.6/2/1.3O.36/4.6/2/

Siklus air panjang

Siklus air Siklus air sedang

Siklus air pendek

Air Tanah dan Pemanfaatannya

Sungai dan Pemanfaatannya

Perairan Darat Danau dan Pemanfaatannya

Gletser

Konservasi Daerah Aliran Sungai

(DAS)

Marfologi Dasar Laut

Dinamika Hidrosfer Pasang Dan Surut
Perairan Laut

Gerakan Air Laut

Gelombang Laut

Arus Laut

Batas Laut Teritorial

Batas Pengairan Laut Landas Kontinen

Zona Ekonomi Eklusif

Potensi sebaran dan pemnfaatan perairan laut

Pencemaran dan konservasi air Laut

Lembaga2 yang menyediakan dan memanfaatkan data

hidrologi

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Kegiatan Belajar 1

Ayoo berlatih!!
1. Siklus Hidrologi

Perhatikan gambar siklus Hidrologi di atas!

Soal yang wajib anda kerjakan dengan tepat dan penuh semangat!

2. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud siklus Hidrologi !

...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
3. Siklus Air terjadi melalui proses-proses
a. Evaporasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
b. Sublimasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
c. Trasnpirasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
d. Evapotranspirasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
e. Kondensasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................

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.................................................................................................................
f. Adveksi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
g. Presipitasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
h. Infiltrasi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................

3. Jelaskan Siklus Air Pendek!

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
4. Jelaskan Siklus Air Sedang!
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
5. Jelaskan Siklus Air Panjang!
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 2

Ayo Latihan!!!!
2. Perairan Darat

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Perhatikan gambar perairan darat di atas !

Kerjakan latihan soal di bawah ini, dan untuk bisa mengerjakan soal
tersebut, terlebih dahulu bacalah buku paket Geografi untuk SMA/MA Kelas X
Peminatan, Penulis Yasinto Sindhu, Penerbit Erlangga hal. 267-280.

Pendahuluan

Perairan darat merupakan perairan yang ada di wilayah daratan. Perairan

darat dapat dibedakan atas air tanah dan air permukaan. Air permukaan
terdapat di atas permukaan bumi. Adapun air yang terdapat di bawah
permukaan bumi disebut air tanah.
A. Air Tanah Dan Pemanfaatannya
Jawablah pertanyaan di bawah ini dengan benar
1. Perbedaan Air tanah disebabkan oleh faktor sebagai berikut:
a. Tingkat porositas tanah atau batuan
yaitu ...................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
...........
b. Kemiringan lereng yaitu............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
c. Tingkat kelembaban tanah.......................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
2. Berdasarkan letaknya air tanah dapat dibedakan sebagai berikut :
a. Air tanah ....................................................................................................................
freatik ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
b. Air tanah ....................................................................................................................
artesis ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

3. Berdasarkan asal airnya, air tanah dapat dibedakan sebagai berikut:

a. Air tanah ...................................................................................................................................
meteorik ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
b. Air tanah ...................................................................................................................................
tubir ...................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................
c. Air tanah ...................................................................................................................................
juvenil ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
d. Air tanah ...................................................................................................................................
fosil ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

B. Sungai dan Pemanfaatannya

Sungai adalah aliran air yang mengalir memanjang mulai dari sumber
(bagian hulu) sampai ke muara (bagian hilir).
a. Pembagian wilayah sungai
Berdasarkan bentuk topografi dan geologinya, DAS dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga
bentuk.
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
1. ..................................................................................

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..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
.
2. ..................................................................................
.
..................................................................................
.
..................................................................................
.
..................................................................................
.
3.
..................................................................................
.
..................................................................................
.
..................................................................................
.

4. Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) dibagi menjadi tiga wilayah :

a. Hulu sungai adalah.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
b. Tengah sungai...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
c. Hilir sungai adalah......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
5. Jelaskan klasifikasi sungai sebagai berikut:
a. Sungai periodik............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
b. Sungai episodik............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
c. Sungai ephemeral.......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
6. Jelaskan jenis-jenis sungai berdasarkan sumber airnya!
a. Sungai hujan..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
b. Sungai gletser...............................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
c. Sungai campuran.........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
7. Gambar; Ilustrasi tipe-tipe sungai berdasarkan genetikanya !

Jelaskan tipe-tipe sungai berdasarkan genetikannya:

a. R, sungai resekuen adalah.......................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
b. K, sungai konsekuen adalah...................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
c. S, sungai subsekuen adalah....................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
d. O, sungai obsekuen adalah.....................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
8. Pola aliran sungai
Jelaskan gambar pola aliran sungai di bawah ini!
a .....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
Dendritik
b .....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
Trelis
c .....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Radial ......................................................................................................

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d ......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
P
......................................................................................................
ararel
e .....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
R ......................................................................................................
ektangular
f ......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
Anular

9. Manfaat sungai
Jelaskan simbol manfaat sungai bagi kehidupan!
a ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
b ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
c ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
d ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................

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e ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
f ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................

Apabila kalian sudah mampu menyelesaikan semua topik soal di atas ini,
maka kalian bisa melanjutkan pada kegiatan belajar 3 berikut ini.

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 3

Ayo Latihan!!!!
C. Danau dan Pemanfaatnnya

Gambar Danau
1. Jelaskan pengertian danau....................................................................................................................
2. Jelaskan klasifikasi danau berdasarkan jenis airnya.................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
3. Berdasarkan kejadiannya, danau dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi danau:
a. Danau Tektonik terbentuk oleh..........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
b. Danau Vulkanik
karena...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................................................
c. Danau tekto-vulkanik adalah...............................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
d. Danau glasial terjadi karena.................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
e. Danau karst (dolina) merupakan ......................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
f. Danau terbendung merupakan...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
g. Danau buatan adalah...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
4. Sebutkan 6 manfaat danau bagi kehidupan!
a...............................................................................................................................................................................
b..............................................................................................................................................................................
.
c...............................................................................................................................................................................
d..............................................................................................................................................................................
e..............................................................................................................................................................................
f...............................................................................................................................................................................
5. Apakah manfaat dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh budidaya ikan air tawar di
perairan danau?...............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

D. Rawa dan Pemanfaatannya

1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan rawa!
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
2. Berdasarkan kondisi air dan jenis tumbuhannya yang hidup, rawa dapat
dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis, yaitu sebagai berikut. Jelaskan!

a Swamp ......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
b Marsh ......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
c Bog ......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
d Rawa pasang .......................................................................................................
surut .......................................................................................................

3. Sebutkan 4 manfaat rawa bagi kehidupan!

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................................
4. Jelaskan apa yang kalian ketahui tentang glatser!
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................

E. Konservasi Air Tanah dan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS)

1. Konservasi air tanah dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa macam kegiatan,
Jelaskan!
a..........................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
b..........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
c..........................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
2. Upaya-upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kerusakan
DAS, Jelaskan!

KEGIATAN
BELAJAR 4

Ayo Latihan!!!!

3. PERAIRAN LAUT

Pendahuluan
Laut adalah tubuh air asin yang sangat luas dan saling terhubung. Terdiri dari
laut dan samudra.

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Untuk menambah wawasan kalian tentang perairan laut, silahkan membaca

buku Geografi Kurikulum 13 SMA/MA kelas X Peminatan karangan Yasinto
Sindhu P., Penerbit Erlangga, halaman 282-293.
A. Pesisir dan Laut
1. Jelaskan klasifikasi laut, berdasarkan:
a. Proses terjadinya
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Letaknya
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Zona kedalaman
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Bagaimanakah peran masing-masing dalam kehidupan?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Apa sajakah yang termasuk gerakan air laut dan pemanfaatanya bagi kehidupan?

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................

Apabila kalian sudah mampu menyelesaikan semua topik soal di atas ini, maka kalian
bisa melanjutkan pada kegiatan belajar 5 berikut.

Kegiatan Belajar 5

Batas laut teritorial, landas kontinen, ZEE

Untuk dapat memahami materi perairan laut dan potensinya silahkan baca buku
Geografi SMA/MA Kurikulum 13 Kelas X, Yasinto Sindhu P. halaman 282-293, kelompok
peminatan IPS.

Berikut di bawah ini ada bagan ][ yang perlu kalian pahami :

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LAUT TEPI

LAUT PEDALAMAN
BERDASARKAN
LAUT TENGAH
LETAKNYA

SELAT

TELUK
LAUT
TRANGRESI
JENIS LAUT BERDASARKAN
PROSES LAUT INGRESI
TERJADINYA
LAUT REGRESI

ZONA LITORAL
ZONA
NERITIK
BERDASARKAN KEDALAMAN
ZONA BATIAL
PAPARAN BENUA
ZONA ABISAL
PUNGGUNG
LAUT
LUBUK LAUT
MORFOLOGI DASAR
LAUT
PALUNG LAUT
PERAIRAN LAUT
DAN POTENSINYA GUNUNG LAUT

SEAMOUNT DAN GUYOT

ARUS LAUT
GERAKAN AIR LAUT
GELOMBANG
LAUT

SUHU

SIFAT AIR LAUT KADAR GARAM

WARNA AIR LAUT

ORGANISME

POTENSI AIR LAUT MINERAL

16
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Ayoo berlatih!!
Soal yang wajib anda kerjakan dengan tepat dan penuh semangat!
1. Jelaskan gerakan air laut berdasarkan
a. arus laut
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.................................................................................................................................................................
b. Gelombang laut
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Apa manfaat gerakan air laut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………............................................................................................................................
3. Jelaskan sifat air laut berdasarkan suhu, kadar garam dan warna air laut!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….....................................................................................................................
4. Jelaskan potensi air laut !
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
5. Upaya apa yang dapat kita lakukan untuk melestarikan laut ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

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Kegiatan Belajar 6

Perhatikan !

PUSAT PENELITIAN OSEANOGRAFI

(P2O LIPI)

Salah satu lembaga penelitian kelautan di Indonesia

adalah Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional yang berada di
bawah Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LON-
LIPI) yang kini bernama Pusat Penelitian
Oseanografi. Pelayanan jasa ilmu pengetahuan
lembaga ini adalah dalam bentuk penyediaan data
dan informasi oseanografi yang akurat, tepat waktu
dan tepat guna.

Setelah kalian memahami penjelasan di atas. Cobalah selesaikan

permasalahan berikut ini!

1. Apa peranan Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi bagi masyarakat?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………......................
2. Perlukah Pusat Peneliatian Oseanografi di bangun? Jelaskan alasanmu !
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Kerjakan bersama teman kalian di buku kerja masing-masing! Periksakan

seluruh pekerjaan kalian kepada Guru agar dapat diketahui penguasaan materi
sebelum kalian diperbolehkan belajar ke UKB berikutnya.

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PENUTUP
Bagaimana Anda sekarang?
Setelah Anda belajar bertahap dan berlanjut melalui kegiatan belajar 1, 2,
3, berikut diberikan Tabel untuk mengukur diri Anda terhadap materi
yang sudah Anda pelajari. Jawablah sejujurnya terkait dengan
penguasaan materi pada UKB ini di Tabel berikut.

Tabel Refleksi Diri Pemahaman Materi

No Pertanyaan Ya Tidak
1. Dapatkah anda menyebutkan klasifikasi laut ?
2. Dapatkan Anda menganalisis tentang
pemanfaatan dan pelestarian zona perairan laut?
3. Dapatkah anda menyebutkan usaha yang dapat
dilakukan untuk pelestarian laut ?

Jika menjawab “TIDAK” pada salah satu pertanyaan di atas, maka

pelajarilah kembali materi tersebut dalam Buku Teks Pelajaran (BTP) dan
pelajari ulang kegiatan belajar 1 dan 2 yang sekiranya perlu Anda ulang
dengan bimbingan Guru atau teman sejawat. Jangan putus asa untuk
mengulang lagi!. Dan apabila Anda menjawab “YA” pada semua
pertanyaan, maka lanjutkan berikut.

Dimana posisimu?
Ukurlah diri Anda dalam menguasai materi Dinamika Hidrosfer
(perairan Laut) dalam rentang 0 – 100, tuliskan ke dalam kotak yang
tersedia.
Setelah Anda menuliskan penguasaanmu terhadap materi
Dinamika Hidrosfer (perairan laut), lanjutkan kegiatan berikut untuk
mengevaluasi penguasaan Anda!.

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 GEO.3.7/4.7/2/3.1
3.6/4.6/2/1.3O.36/4.6/2/
Yuk Cek Penguasaanmu terhadap Materi Dinamika Hidrosfer!

Agar dapat dipastikan bahwa Anda telah menguasi materi Dinamika

Hidrosfer (perairan laut), maka kerjakan soal berikut secara mandiri di
buku kerja Anda masing-masing.

1) Jelaskan klasifikasi laut !

2) Apa sajakah manfaat laut bagi kehidupan?
3) Buatlah poster yang bertema pelestarian laut Indonesia !

Silahkan Anda berdiskusi dengan teman sebangku atau teman lain, dan
tuliskan hasil kerja Anda di buku kerja masing-masing. Tuliskan juga
dalam buku kerja tersebut refleksi Anda dengan menggunakan cara dan
bahasa Anda sendiri sebagai bagian dari pengakuan terhadap apa yang
sudah Anda kuasai.

Ini adalah bagian akhir dari UKB materi Dinamika Hidrosfer, mintalah tes
formatif kepada Guru Anda sebelum belajar keUKB berikutnya.

Semoga Allah SWT memberi kesuksesan

kepada kalian semua!!! AAMIIN.

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