Bab 5
Pasar Bisnis
dan Perilaku Pembelian Bisnis
Tujuan
Kemampuan yang Dipelajari
2
Kajian Konsep (1)
3
Kajian Konsep (2)
• Satu hal yang jelas, pasar bisnis adalah pasar yang sangat
besar, jauh lebih besar daripada pasar konsumen
4
Perilaku Pembeli Bisnis
5
Pasar Bisnis
6
Defining Organizational Buyers
• Industrial: Firms that transform raw materials.
They add value by creating form utility for
commercial or consumer markets
• Resellers: Do not create form utility, but add value
by providing time and place utility. Resellers
operate in commercial and consumer markets and
are often referred to as distributors, wholesalers,
jobbers and retailers
• Governments: Generally consume what they buy;
but use buying processes like organizations
KARAKTERISTIK
• Demand Characteristics
• Market Demographics
• Characteristics of Buyer Behavior
Demand Characteristics
The demand for industrial goods and services is:
1. Derived from the demand for consumer goods
and services.
2. Relatively inelastic—price changes in the short
run are not likely to significantly affect demand.
3. More erratic because small increases or decreases
in consumer demand can, over time, strongly
affect the demand for manufacturing plants and
equipment.
4. More cyclical.
Market Demographics
Compared to Consumers, Organizational buyers
are:
• Fewer in number.
• Larger in size.
• Geographically concentrated.
Characteristics of Buyer Behavior
– Tugas baru
12
Perilaku Pembelian Bisnis
Situasi Pembelian
• Straight rebury (Langsung). Pembeli rutin
membeli berbagai kebutuhan tanpa modifikasi,
otomatis, tidak butuh waktu terlalu banyak.
• Modified rebury (Modifikasi). Pembeli
menginginkan modifikasi pada spesifikasi,
persyaratan harga, dan pemasok. Pemasar selalu
berhadapan dengan perubahan. Pemasok
melihat ini sebagai kesempatan untuk
memberikan yang terbaik kepada pelanggan.
• New Task. Pembeli baru pertama kali melakukan
pembelian, pemasok punya kesempatan
memberikan informasi sebanyak mungkin guna
membantu pembeli.
Perilaku Pembelian Bisnis
Pusat Pembelian
14
Participants in the Organizational
Buying Process
Users
Influencers
Ethical
Decision-Maki
Factors
ng Unit of a
Situational
Buying
Unexpected Deciders
Organization
Roles Include
is Called
Its Buying
Attitudes
Center.
of Buyers
Others
Gatekeepers
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Peran dalam pusat pembelian
17
Proses Keputusan Pembelian Bisnis
Delapan Tahap Dasar
1. Pengenalan masalah
2. Deskripsi kebutuhan umum
3. Spesifikasi produk
4. Pencarian pemasok
5. Pengumpulan proposal
6. Pemilihan pemasok
7. Spesifikasi pesanan rutin
8. Tinjauan ulang kinerja
18
1. Problem Recognition
• Problem recognition is when someone in a
company recognizes a problem or need that
can be met by acquiring a good or a service
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
2. General Need Description
• General need description is when a company
describes the general characteristics and
quantity of a needed item
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
3. Product Specification
• Product specification is when the buying
organization decides on and specifies the best
technical product characteristics for a needed
item
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
4. Supplier Search
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
5. Proposal Solution
• Proposal solution is when qualified suppliers
are invited to submit proposals
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
6. Supplier Selection
• Supplier selection is when a buyer receives
proposals and selects a supplier or suppliers
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
7. Order-Routine Specification
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
8. Performance Review
• Performance review is when a buyer rates its
satisfaction with suppliers, deciding whether
to continue, modify, or drop the relationship
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Proses Keputusan Pembelian Bisnis
Perbedaan Tahap yang Dilalui
27
Proses Keputusan Pembelian Bisnis
Perbedaan Keputusan per Tahap
28
Pasar Lembaga dan Pasar Pemerintah
29
Pasar Lembaga dan Pasar Pemerintah
Keputusan Pembelian (1)
30
Pasar Lembaga dan Pasar Pemerintah
Keputusan Pembelian (2)
31