KASUS 1
Tn. M, 54 tahun. Mengeluh panas dan batuk
3 hari, DM (+), riwayat merokok, belum
pernah MRS sebelumnya. Belum pernah
mengkonsumsi antibiotik. Baru pulang dari
umroh
KASUS 2
Tn. M, 64 tahun. Mengeluh batuk dan sesak 5
hari. DM (+), tidak merokok, belum pernah
MRS sebelumnya. Konsumsi obat :
antihipertensi dan OAD
KASUS 3
Tn. M, 44 tahun. Mengeluh sesak dan
demam sejak 4 hari. DM (+), merokok, keluar
vesikel sejak 3 hari (diduga varisela). Terapi :
pulmicort nebul à tidak membaik
Pemeriksaan
Anamnesis
Fisik
Pemeriksaan Pemeriksaan
5
Laboratorium Radiologi
PPRA KEMENKES RI,
Bambang Pujo Semedi
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Patogenesis Infeksi
Mikroba
Pejamu
Patogen
Dissregulasi
Localized Infeksi Sistemik
Infection Infeksi Fokal
Disfungsi
Organ
6
SSC 2016
Bambang Pujo Semedi
Research
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the validity of clinical criteria to identify patients with suspected
Related articles pages 775 and
801
DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND POPULATION Among 1.3 million electronic health record encounters
Supplemental content at
jama.com
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES For construct validity, pairwise agreement was assessed.
For predictive validity, the discrimination for outcomes (primary: in-hospital mortality;
secondary: in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit [ICU] length of stay "3 days) more
common in sepsis than uncomplicated infection was determined. Results were expressed as
the fold change in outcome over deciles of baseline risk of death and area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve (AUROC).
RESULTS In the primary cohort, 148 907 encounters had suspected infection (n = 74 453
derivation; n = 74 454 validation), of whom 6347 (4%) died. Among ICU encounters in the
validation cohort (n = 7932 with suspected infection, of whom 1289 [16%] died), the predictive
Sepsis 1,2 à Sepsis 3
SOFA
X
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
B
Resusitasi Antibiotik Bijak
Adekwat Source control
ANTIBIOTIK • ALOS
• Tindakan
• Sarana
• Pemeriksaan
• Morbiditas
• Mortalitas
HAIs AMR • Biaya
• Rasa tidak nyaman
PK/PD princip
PK,PD, dan PK/PD
Concentration in
non targeted site Toxicity
Concentration in PKToxicity
A
D
Plasma
concentration
changing in
PD
M
on targeted site E
time
Concentration Therapeutic
in action site effect
MIN
Protein binding,
MAX
Cmax, Cmin,
Half-life,
AUC,
Tissue,
Distribution
Maksimalkan efek terapi,
hindari toksisitas…
Bambang Pujo Semedi 16
oncentration Therapeutic W.A. Graig
n action site effect
MAX
PK/PD properties of
KOMITE
ATB
DOSIS, TIMING, DAN CARA PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIK YANG
PENGENDALIAN TIDAK ANTIMIKROBA
RESISTENSI
TEPAT MEMICU MUTASI BAKTERI à RESISTEN
C (max) AUC
Peak C (min)
Plasma
concentration
changing in
time
Konsentrasi ANTIBIOTIK
Plasma concentration
dalam plasma sangat
of ATB definesefek
mempengaruhi the terapi
ATB
effect
dan kejadian AMR
e
of the molecule will influence Vd and CL of a drug.9 Protein binding is a factor that may influence the
us
β-lactams, amynoglycosides, glycopetides are hy- Vd and CL of many antibiotics. Hypoalbuminemic
drophilic agents with renal clearance and Vd affected states (a common finding in the critically ill) can result
by the total body water (TBW) volume, while fluoro- in a higher unbound concentration that has up to 100%
al
quinolones, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycylcy- increased CL and 90% greater Vd.12,13
ci
er
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
m
om
-c
Early Sepsis Late Sepsis
on
N
Figure 1. Plasma concentrations of antibacterial drugs according to the pathophysiology of sepsis. CL, clearance; Vd,
volume of distribution.
Pieralli F, Mancini A, Crociani A.
Dosis AB pada sepsis fase awal
Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy in
Critically
[pageIll 276]
Patients. Italian Journal
berbeda dengan fase lanjut!
[Italian Journal of Medicine 2016; 10:792]
of Medicine 2016; 10:792
Bambang Pujo Semedi 18
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Perubahan farmakokinetik AB hidrofilik pada saat volume
distribusi tinggi (sepsis)
ila :
p a b
wat ,a
a de k
d ak ye bab
in t i pe n
u n gk atogen
km 2 p
i b i o ti t ” ku man
a l ant terlamba g ”cover ” b e r i kan
di
pi aw ya “ men an g
Tera mberiann dak bisa p ABy
Pe tik ti e r h ada AT
• tibio en t ADEKW
A n sist
• k s i e n re IDAK
infe g
ato DOSIS T
n p
K u ma ering,
•
a lin gs
• P
Streamline antibiotics
Streamlining adalah salah satu cara yang sangat bermanfaat agar
antibiotik digunakan lebih bijak, membatasi resistensi bakteri dan
meningkatkan kualitas perawatan pasien. Caranya..
1. Mengganti rute parenteral ke oral
2. Menghentikan antibiotik yang tidak perlu sesuai
hasil kultur dan tanda klinis
3. Mengganti antibiotik dengan yang ..
• lebih efektif
• lebih sempit spektrumnya
• kurang toksik
• Kultur mikrobiologis
• Gram stain
Suhu 0C
Antibiotik Penyesuaian terapi
?
37,5
Demam menetap • Komplikasi
• Kesadaran Leukosit, PCT, • Fokal infeksi lain
• Deteksi komplikasi CRP. • Resisten antibiotik
• Amati gejala lain Foto toraks
• Dosis suboptimal
LP, CT-scan
• Rute tidak tepat
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• Salah diagnosis
• Drug fever
Hari rawat
PPRA KEMENKES RI, Bambang Pujo Semedi • Perlu source control 27
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Apa diagnosisnya ?
Bagaimana tatalaksana ?
Bambang Pujo Semedi 28
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Terima Kasih
e p s i s …
a n s i
Law s i s t e n s
d a r i r e
H i n
Bambang Pujo Semedi 30