ANALISIS GANGGUAN MSDS PADA PERAWAT

RSUD LUWUK AKIBAT BEBAN KERJA FISIK DAN

MENTAL DENGAN RATING SCALE MENTAL
EFFORT (RSME) DAN DUTCH MUSCULOSCELETAL
QUISTIONNAIRE (DMQ)

Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Akademik
Dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana Teknik

Disusun Oleh :

ELLAWATI ZAKARIA
201710140311063

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2022
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur puji kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat
dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir skripsi dengan
judul “Analisis Gangguan MSDs Pada Perawat RSUD Luwuk Akibat Beban Kerja
Fisik dan Mental dengan Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME) dan Dutch
Musculoskeletal Quistionnaire (DMQ)”. Penyusunan skripsi ini untuk memenuhi
sebagian persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan pada program studi Teknik
Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Dalam
penyusunan skripsi penulis mendapatkan bantuan dan motivasi dari berbagai
pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis ini mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Allah SWT yang selalu memberikan kekuatan dan kesabaran sehingga penulis
bisa bertahan sampai dititik ini dan dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini
dengan baik.
2. Kepada keluarga dan kedua orang tua saya (Alm) Bapak Abd. Main Zakaria
dan Ibu Hasriani Ruseng yang selalu memberikan dukungan, perhatian,
motivasi dan doa kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir.
3. Ibu Dian Palupi Restuputri, S.T., M.T selaku dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah
memberikan arahan, saran, motivasi dan bimbingan dengan sabar kepada
penulis.
4. Bapak Adhi Nugraha, S.T., M.BA selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah
memberikan bimbingan dan saran positif dalam proses penyusunan tugas
akhir.
5. Khairatun Nisa’ selaku sahabat yang selalu setia memberikan dukungan dan
motivasi serta sabar dalam mendengarkan keluh kesah penulis. You are the
best moll.
6. Putri Ghani, Sona Eka Arumbia dan Astuti Suwito selaku bestie yang telah
menemani penulis sejak awal kuliah hingga proses penyusunan skripsi serta
selalu menemani, memberikan kekuatan dan motivasi yang tak terhingga
kepada penulis. You are an important part of my struggle guys, I love you.
7. Muhammad Alif ihsan dan Rifqi Muhammad Firrizqi yang telah memberikan
saran dan bantuan dalam proses penyusunan tugas akhir serta seluruh teman-
teman Teknik Industri 2017 B yang telah memberikan semangat dan motivasi
kepada penulis.
8. Seluruh pihak yang tidak tertulis yang sudah membantu dalam proses
penyusunan tugas akhir ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna.
Oleh karena itu, dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis memohon maaf. Kritik
dan saran positif sangat diharapkan. Penulis juga berharap agar skripsi ini
dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca.

Malang, 18 Mei 2022

Ellawati Zakaria
 DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul............................................................................................................
Lembar Pengesahan Skripsi .......................................................................................
Lembar Bimbingan Skripsi ........................................................................................
Berita Acara Ujian......................................................................................................
Surat Pernyataan Keaslian..........................................................................................
Surat Keterangan Pengambilan Data dari Perusahaan ...............................................
Kata Pengantar ..........................................................................................................i
Abstrak ................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ...................................................................................................................iv
Daftar Isi................................................................................................................... v
Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................................... viii
Daftar Gambar.........................................................................................................ix
Daftar Lampiran ....................................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan penelitian ............................................................................................ 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................................... 3
1.5 Batasan Masalah dan Asumsi ......................................................................... 4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Beban Kerja .................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Beban Kerja Fisik ........................................................................................... 5
2.3 Beban Kerja Mental ........................................................................................ 7
2.4 Dampak Beban Kerja Berlebihan ................................................................... 8
2.5 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Beban Kerja ........................................... 8
2.6 Perawat ........................................................................................................... 9
2.7 Shift Kerja .................................................................................................... 10
2.8 Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) ............................................................. 10
2.9 Faktor Risiko MSDs ..................................................................................... 12
2.10 Gangguan Musculoskeletal Pada Berbagai Bagian Tubuh ......................... 15
 2.11 Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME)........................................................... 18
2.12 Dutch Musculoskeletal Quistionnaire (DMQ) ........................................... 19
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Flowchart Penelitian ................................................................................... 21
3.2 Deskripsi Diagram Alir Penelitian .............................................................. 22
3.2.1 Tahap Pendahuluan................................................................................ 22

3.2.2 Tahap Pengumpulan Data ...................................................................... 23

3.2.3 Tahap Pengolahan Data ......................................................................... 24

3.2.4 Tahap Analisis dan Pembahasan ........................................................... 26

3.2.5 Tahap Kesimpulan dan Saran ................................................................ 27

BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA

4.1 Tinjauan Perusahaan ..................................................................................... 28
4.1.1 Profil Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Luwuk ........................................... 28

4.1.2 Visi dan Misi Perusahaan ...................................................................... 29

4.1.3 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ............................................................. 29

4.2 Pengumpulan Data........................................................................................ 31

4.2.1 Data Sekunder........................................................................................ 31

4.2.2 Data Primer ............................................................................................ 32

4.3 Pengolahan Data ........................................................................................... 40

4.3.1 Pengukuran Beban Kerja Fisik dengan Metode DMQ .......................... 40

4.3.2 Pengukuran Beban Kerja Mental dengan Metode RSME ..................... 50

BAB V ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN

5.1 Analisis Hasil Gangguan MSDs Akibat Beban Kerja Fisik dan Mental ...... 54
5.1.1 Analisis Beban Kerjan Fisik .................................................................. 54

5.1.2 Analisis Beban Kerja Mental ................................................................. 59

5.1.3 Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) ...................................................... 62

5.2 Strategi RSUD Luwuk Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 ................................ 63

5.3 Implikasi Manajerial ..................................................................................... 66
BAB VI PENUTUP
6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 69
6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................. 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 71
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 75
 DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1 Data responden di RSUD Luwuk........................................................... 31
Tabel 4.2 Pembagian shift kerja perawat ............................................................... 32
Tabel 4.3 Rekapitulasi hasil kuisioner variabel kesehatan 1 .................................. 33
Tabel 4.4 Rekapitulasi variabel kesehatan 2 (nyeri/ketidaknyamanan fisik) ......... 34
Tabel 4.5 Rekapitulasi variabel kesehatan 2 (keluhan 6 bulan terakhir) ............... 35
Tabel 4.6 Rekapitulasi variabel kesehatan 2 (keluhan 1 minggu terakhir) ............ 35
Tabel 4.7 Rekapitulasi variabel pekerjaan 1 (jenis pekerjaan yang sering
dilakukan)............................................................................................................... 36
Tabel 4.8 Rekapitulasi variabel pekerjaan 1 (jenis pekerjaan dengan tingkat usaha)
................................................................................................................................ 36
Tabel 4.9 Rekapitulasi hasil kuisoner variabel pekerjaan 1 .................................. 37
Tabel 4.10 Rekapitulasi hasil kuisioner variabel pekerjaan 2 ................................ 37
Tabel 4.11 Rekapitulasi hasil kuisioner variabel pekerjaan 2 ................................ 38
Tabel 4.12 Data pengukuran beban mental ............................................................ 39
Tabel 4.13 Uji validitas variabel kesehatan 1 ........................................................ 40
Tabel 4.14 Uji validitas variabel kesehatan 2 ........................................................ 41
Tabel 4.15 Uji validitas variabel pekerjaan 1......................................................... 43
Tabel 4.16 Uji validitas variabel pekerjaan 2......................................................... 44
Tabel 4.17 Uji reliabilitas....................................................................................... 44
Tabel 4.18 Tingkat usaha perawat melakukan pekerjaan ...................................... 47
Tabel 4.19 Frekuensi perawat melakukan pekerjaa ............................................... 48
Tabel 4.20 Uji korelasi rank spearman jenis pekerjaan dengan keluhan fisik ....... 49
Tabel 4.21 Rata-rata beban mental perawat unit gawat darurat shift 1 ................. 50
Tabel 4.22 Rata-rata beban mental perawat unit gawat darurat shift 2 .................. 51
Tabel 4.23 Rata-rata beban mental perawat unit gawat darurat shift 3 .................. 51
Tabel 4.24 Rata-rata beban mental perawat unit penyakit dalam shift 1 ............... 52
Tabel 4.25 Rata-rata beban mental perawat unit penyakit dalam shift 2 ............... 52
Tabel 4.26 Rata-rata beban mental perawat unit penyakit dalam shift 3 ............... 53
 DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Rating scale mental effort .................................................................. 18
Gambar 3.1 Flowchart ........................................................................................... 21
Gambar 4.1 Struktur organisasi RSUD Luwuk...................................................... 30
Gambar 4.2 Chart kondisi kesehatan responden.................................................... 46
Gambar 4.3 Chart keluhan otot.............................................................................. 47
 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Uji validitas variabel kesehatan 1 ...................................................... 75
Lampiran 2 Uji validitas variabel kesehatan 2 ...................................................... 78
Lampiran 3 Uji validitas variabel pekerjaan 1 ...................................................... 91
Lampiran 4 Uji validitas variabel pekerjaan 2 .................................................... 100
Lampiran 5 Uji reliabilitas variabel kesehatan 1................................................. 109
Lampiran 6 Uji reliabilitas variabel kesehatan 2................................................. 109
Lampiran 7 Uji reliabilitas variabel pekerjaan 1 ................................................. 110
Lampiran 8 Uji reliabilitas variabel pekerjaan 2 ................................................. 111
Lampiran 9 Tingkat usaha perawat melakukan pekerjaan .................................. 112
Lampiran 10 Frekuensi perawat melakukan pekerjaan ....................................... 115
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Acaröz Candan, S., Sahin, U. K., & Akoğlu, S. (2019). The investigation of work-
related musculoskeletal disorders among female workers in a hazelnut factory:
Prevalence, working posture, work-related and psychosocial factors.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 74(August).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2019.102838
An, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, A., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., Ungvari, G. S., Qin, M.
Z., An, F. R., & Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its impact
on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the
COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 312–315.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.047
Asghari, E., Dianat, I., Abdollahzadeh, F., Mohammadi, F., Asghari, P., Jafarabadi,
M. A., & Castellucci, H. I. (2019). Musculoskeletal pain in operating room
nurses: Associations with quality of work life, working posture, socio-
demographic and job characteristics. International Journal of Industrial
Ergonomics, 72(June), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2019.06.009
Bazazan, A., Dianat, I., Bahrampour, S., Talebian, A., Zandi, H., Sharafkhaneh, A.,
& Maleki-Ghahfarokhi, A. (2019). Association of musculoskeletal disorders
and workload with work schedule and job satisfaction among emergency
nurses. International Emergency Nursing, 44(March 2018), 8–13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2019.02.004
Chen et al. (2021). Evaluation of occupational stress management for improving
performance and productivity at workplaces by monitoring the health, well-
being of workers.
Crowe, S., Fuchsia Howard, A., & Vanderspank, B. (2022). The Mental Health
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Canadian Critical Care Nurses.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 103241.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103241
Darvishi, E., Maleki, A., Giahi, O., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Subjective Mental
Workload and Its Correlation With Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bank Staff.
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 39(6), 420–426.
 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.05.003
Dhindsa, J. S. (2012). The effects of lean intervention (5S) on perceived
musculoskeletal workload and perceived hazardous working conditions In a
health center pharmacy. August, 64.
Kazemi et al. (2012). Assessing the workload and its relationship to fatigue in the
Driving section of railway traction Islamic Republic of Iran.
Kierklo, A., & Kobus, A. (1889). Original articles. Journal of the American Medical
Association, XII(21), 730–737.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1889.02400980010002
Leal Filho, W., Wall, T., Alves, F., Nagy, G. J., Fernández Carril, L. R., Li, C.,
Mucova, S., Platje Joost, J., Rayman-Bacchus, L., Totin, E., Ayal, D. Y., Lütz,
J. M., Azeiteiro, U. M., Vinuesa, A. G., & Minhas, A. (2021). The impacts of
the early outset of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate change research:
Implications for policy-making. Environmental Science and Policy,
124(November 2020), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.06.008
Liu, Y., Wang, H., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Yue, X., Ke, J., Wang, B., & Peng, C.
(2020). Emergency management of nursing human resources and supplies to
respond to coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. International Journal of
Nursing Sciences, 7(2), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.03.011
Liu, Z., & Stursberg, O. (2021). On the use of MPC techniques to decide
intervention policies against covid-19. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 54(14), 476–481.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.400
Mayasari 2016. (2016). Ergonomi sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Musculoskeletal
Disorders pada Pekerja Ergonomi as The Prevention of Musculoskeletal
Disorder ’ s. 1(1), 369–379.
Poortaghi, S., Shahmari, M., & Ghobadi, A. (2021). Exploring nursing managers’
perceptions of nursing workforce management during the outbreak of COVID-
19: a content analysis study. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00546-x
Ramadhani, K. F., Widjasena, B., & Jayanti, S. (2017). Hubungan Durasi Kerja,
Frekuensi Repetisi Dan Sudut Bahu Dengan Keluhan Nyeri Bahu Pada Pkerja
 Batik Bagian Canting Di Kampoeng Batik Laweyan Surakarta. Jurnal
Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 5(5), 215–225.
Rozana, F., & Adiatmika, I. P. G. (2014). Tingkat Kelelahan dan Keluhan
Muskuloskeletal pada Penjahit di Kota Denpasar Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal
Medika Udayana, 3(5), 615–627.
Rudman, A., Arborelius, L., Dahlgren, A., Finnes, A., & Gustavsson, P. (2020).
Consequences of early career nurse burnout: A prospective long-term follow-
up on cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, and insomnia.
EClinicalMedicine, 27, 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100565
Shikano, H., Uehara, Y., Kuboki, R., Tashino, E., Nakahara, F., Matsumoto, Y.,
Kusakabe, S., Fukazawa, C., Matsuo, T., Mori, N., Ayabe, A., Jinta, T., Taki,
F., Sakamoto, F., Takahashi, O., & Fukui, T. (2021). Retrospective evaluation
of the symptom-based work restriction strategy of healthcare providers in the
first epidemic of COVID-19 at a tertiary care hospital in Tokyo, Japan.
American Journal of Infection Control, 000.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.11.029
Spearman, C. E. (2008). Korelasi spearman. Korelasi Spearman, 1–12.
Sugiyono. (2010). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tubbs-Cooley, H. L., Mara, C. A., Carle, A. C., Mark, B. A., & Pickler, R. H.
(2019). Association of Nurse Workload with Missed Nursing Care in the
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(1), 44–51.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3619
Widyanti, A., Johnson, A., & Waard, D. De. (2012). Pengukuran Beban Kerja
Mental Dalam Searching Task Dengan Metode Rating Scale Mental Effort
(Rsme). J@ti Undip: Jurnal Teknik Industri, 5(1), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.12777/jati.5.1.1-6
Yang, S., Li, L., Wang, L., Zeng, J., & Li, Y. (2020). Risk Factors for Work-Related
Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Intensive Care Unit Nurses in China: A
Structural Equation Model Approach. Asian Nursing Research, 14(4), 241–
248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2020.08.004
Zheijang University School of Medicine, R. S. A. P. (2020). Buku Pegangan
Pencegahan dan Penatalaksanaan COVID-19. 68. pdf-intl.alicdn.com