BIOFORENSIK
Oleh:
NI KOMANG WIDIASTUTI
19121301002
SEMESTER 5
PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI
Segala puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas rahmat-
Nya penulis diberikan kesehatan sehingga dapat sampai pada tahap ini dan dapat
menyelesaikan makalah dengan judul “Prinsip Dasar Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
sebagai metode deteksi di masa pandemi Covid-19“. Penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk
memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Bioforensik. Penulis menyadari makalah ini masih
belum sempurna karena keterbatasan penulis, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran dari pembaca
sangat penulis harapkan demi proposal penelitian yang lebih baik dan bermanfaat bagi
seluruh pembaca.
3.2 Saran
Penulis menyadari terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam penulisan makalah ini,
untuk itu disarankan kepada pembaca untuk dapat mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai
perkembangan PCR hingga saat ini.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bartlett, John MS, and David Stirling. "A short history of the polymerase chain reaction."
PCR protocols. Humana Press, 2003. 3-6.
Dorado, G., Besnard, G., Unver, T., & Hernández, P. (2019). Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR). Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 1–3(6), 473–492.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.08997-2
Erlich. H.A. 1989. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Clinical Immunology 9: 437-447.
He, Q., et al. "Primers are decisive for sensitivity of PCR." Biotechniques 17.1 (1994): 82-84.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected
with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Mullis, K. B., et al. "Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain
reaction." Biotechnology Series (1992): 17-17.
Ren L-L, Wang Y-M, Wu Z-Q, Xiang Z-C, Guo L, Xu T, et al. Identification of a novel
coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J. 2020;
published online February 11. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000722.
Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020; published online March 3. DOI:
10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433.
Saiki, Randall K., et al. "Primerdirected enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable
DNA polymerase." Science 239.4839 (1988): 487-491.
Shampo, Marc A., and Robert A. Kyle. "Kary B. Mullis—Nobel Laureate for procedure to
replicate DNA." Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 77. No. 7. Elsevier, 2002.
Susilo, A., Rumende, C. M., Pitoyo, C. W., Santoso, W. D., Yulianti, M., Herikurniawan, H.,
Sinto, R., Singh, G., Nainggolan, L., Nelwan, E. J., Chen, L. K., Widhani, A., Wijaya,
E., Wicaksana, B., Maksum, M., Annisa, F., Jasirwan, C. O. M., & Yunihastuti, E.
(2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019: Tinjauan Literatur Terkini. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam
Indonesia, 7(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v7i1.415
Van Pelt-Verkuil, Elizabeth, Alex Van Belkum, and John P. Hays. Principles and technical
aspects of PCR amplification. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.
Wang, Z., Qiang, W., Ke, H. (2020). A Handbook of 2019-nCoV Pneumonia Control and
Prevention. Hubei Science and Technologi Press. China
Weier, Heinz Ulrich, and Joe W. Gray. "A programmable system to perform the polymerase
chain reaction." DNA 7.6 (1988): 441-447.
World Health Organization. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that
causes it [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 March 29].
Available from:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/
naming-the-coronavirusdisease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus that-causes-it.
World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 70
[Internet]. WHO; 2020 [updated 2020 March 30; cited 2020 March 31]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/ docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200330-
sitrep-70-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=7e0fe3f8_2
World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing
on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020 [Internet]. 2020 [updated 2020 March 11]. Available
from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-generals-opening-remarks-
at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11- march-2020.