DEFINISI
1. Tekanan darah
2. Nadi
3. Frekuensi Pernafasan
4. Suhu
5. NYERI
EPIDEMIOLOGI
BEBAN FINANSIAL
• Manajemen yang tidak adekuat
• Hilangnya hari-hari kerja
KONSEKUENSI
▪ Mengakibatkan penderitaan bagi pasien
▪ Disfungsi fisik / psikososial
PERMASALAHAN DLM MANAJEMEN NYERI
Rabaan
Tekanan
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NYERI
Faktor fisiologik
Umur, Fatigue, Genetic makeup, Memory, Stress response, Fungsi neurologik
Faktor psikologik
Fear and anxiety, Coping (internally or externally controlled), faktor kultural
KLASIFIKASI NYERI
SOMATIC
NOCICEPTIVE
VISCERAL
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NEUROPHATHIC
NON NOCICEPTIVE
PSYCHOGENIC
DURATION
1. Anamnesis
2. Pemeriksaan fisik
3. Pemeriksaan neurologi
4. Pemeriksaan penunjang
Laboratorium
Radiologi
Neurofisiologi
ANAMNESIS
Alternative methods
Acupuncture
(NSAID) Physical Therapy
Chiropractics
Gottschalk et al., 2001 Surgery
WHO ANALGETIC LADDER
ROUTE & ADMINISTRATION
p.o
Transmucosal (sublingual, rectal)
Transdermal
Injection: i.m ; i.v
Neuraxial nerve blocks : epidural
Peripheral nerve blocks
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
NYERI INFLAMASI
Chemical mediators are released from damaged tissue and inflammatory cells.
Some inflammatory mediators directly activate nociceptors, while others act
together to sensitize the pain pathway.
Gol. Coxib :
• Celecoxi
b
• Rofecoxi
b
• Valdeco
xib
• dll
NSAID SIDE EFFECTS
PARASETAMOL
Aged 65 or older;
Have had a stomach (gastric) ulcer or bleeding;
Have had asthma;
Have had kidney problems;
Have had problems with anti-inflammatories
before.
TATA LAKSANA NYERI AKUT
TREATMENT OF PAIN Recovery
Operation
Strong
opioids
Weak
opioids +/-
non-opioids
Non-
opioids
World of Misery
Non-pharmacological
methods
TREATMENT OF PAIN
Recovery
Operation
Strong IPM
opioids
Weak
opioids +/-
non-opioids
Non-
opioids
Non-pharmacological
methods
KESIMPULAN