Structural Steel

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 1

Baja Struktural
 Bahan metal yang populer pada konstruksi sipil:
 Baja
 Baja galvanis
 Zincalum
 Aluminum
 Konstruksi baja mayoritas menggunakan baja/metal
dalam bentuk elemen struktur profil (elemen struktur
yang dibentuk atau disusun dari lembaran dan memiliki
bentuk penampang tertentu
 Cara pembentukan profil:
 Hot rolled
 Cold formed
 Built up member (dilas dan dibaut)

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 2

Baja Struktural
• Klasifikasi baja struktural berdasarkan komposisi kimia,
sifat tarik, dan metode pembuatan:
• Carbon steels,
• High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels,
• Heat-treated carbon steels, and
• Heat-treated constructional alloy steels.
• Baja struktural adalah weldable, dengan bahan dan
prosedur las harus sesuai dengan metode yang diberikan
oleh produsen baja dan American Welding Society.

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 3

Material Baja

Kuat leleh

• Sifat material dinyatakan dalam kurva tegangan regangan

• Tegangan: gaya per satuan luas  f=P/A
• Regangan: rasio pertambahan panjang terhadap panjang awal  ε = δ/L
• Kuat (tegangan) leleh atau yield stress: batas tegangan bahan dimana setelah
nilai tersebut bahan akan mengalami perubahan bentuk (elongasi) permanen
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 4
 Material Baja
Kurva tegangan-
regangan tipikal yang
menggambarkan
tingkat kekuatan dari
keempat tipe baja
(tidak skala,
dimodifikasi untuk
menunjukkan
perbedaan properties)

Ref: Brockenbrough and Merritt, Structural Steel Designer's Handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI,
ASTM, and ASCE-07 Design Standards SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 5
 Material Baja
Typical carbon steels

Ref: Brockenbrough and Merritt, Structural Steel Designer's Handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI, ASTM,
and ASCE-07 Design Standards
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 6
 Material Baja
Typical High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels

Ref: Brockenbrough and Merritt, Structural Steel Designer's Handbook: AISC, AASHTO,
AISI, ASTM, and ASCE-07 Design Standards SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 7
 Material Baja
Typical heat-treated carbon and HSLA steels

Ref: Brockenbrough and Merritt, Structural Steel Designer's Handbook: AISC, AASHTO,
AISI, ASTM, and ASCE-07 Design Standards SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 8
 Material Baja
Typical heat-treated constructional alloy steels

Ref: Brockenbrough and Merritt, Structural Steel Designer's Handbook: AISC, AASHTO,
AISI, ASTM, and ASCE-07 Design Standards
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 9
Steel Grades

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 for Civil and Construction Engineers 10
Baja Karbon (Carbon Steel)
 Baja dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai baja karbon jika:
1. Nilai maksimum yang ditentukan untuk paduan unsur-unsur
berikut: mangan-1.65%, silikon-0.60%, tembaga 0.60%
2. Nilai minimum untuk tembaga tidak melebihi 0.40%, dan
3. Tidak ada ketentuan nilai minimum untuk unsur-unsur lain yang
ditambahkan untuk memperoleh efek paduan yang diinginkan.
 A36 : baja karbon utama untuk jembatan, bangunan, dan banyak
struktural lainnya, yield point minimum 36 ksi (246 MPa), dan
tersedia dalam bentuk profil atau pelat hingga tebal 8 in.
 A572: baja karbon yang tersedia dalam tiga kelas kekuatan untuk
pelat, memiliki ketangguhan takik/toughness yang tinggi.

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 11

Baja Karbon (Carbon Steel)
 Memiliki tingkat daktilitas yang tinggi
 Mengalami perubahan sifat fisik jika berada pada suhu
sangat dingin atau pada lingkungan korosif, atau
mengalami pembebanan berulang (cyclic loading)
 Memerlukan bahan tambahan (additives/alloy) untuk
meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya
 Baja struktural umumnya memiliki kandungan karbon
yang sedikit
 Terbagi atas:
 Low carbon steel, kandungan karbon < 0.15%
 Mild carbon steel, kandungan karbon 0.15 - 0.29%
 Medium carbon steel, kandungan karbon 0.3 - 0.59%
 High carbon steel, kandungan karbon 0.6 - 1.7%
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 12
Low Carbon Steel (C < 0.15%) dan
Mild Carbon Steel (0.15 < C < 0.29%)
 Jenis baja yang paling banyak diproduksi
 Tidak sensitif terhadap perlakuan panas (heat-treatment)
 Peningkatan kekuatan melalui cold-working
 Memiliki daktilitas sangat tinggi
 Baja lunak  mudah dibentuk/dipotong dan mudah dilas
 Biaya produksi relatif rendah
 Penambahan alloy (Copper, Vanadium, dan Nickel):
 Meningkatkan kekuatan
 Meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap korosi

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 13

Komposisi Unsur Low Carbon Steel

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 14

Medium Carbon Steel (0.3 < C < 0.59%)

 Dapat menerima perlakuan panas (heat treatment)

untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik
 Penambahan alloy (Chromium, Nickel, dan
Molybdenum):
 Meningkatkan kekuatan
 Mengurangi daktilitas dan toughness
 Meningkatkan kemampuan terhadap heat
treatment

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 15

High Carbon Steel (0.6 < C < 1.7%)

 Memiliki kekuatan yang sangat tinggi

 Daktilitas umumnya sangat rendah  bersifat
getas/brittle
 Kekerasan sangat tinggi, tidak mudah aus
 Penambahan alloy (Chromium, Vanadium, Tungsten, dan
Molybdenum)  membentuk karbida yang sangat keras
dan tahan aus
 Umumnya digunakan untuk bahan pembuat alat
pemotong dan tidak digunakan untuk elemen struktur

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 16

Baja Mutu Tinggi dengan Paduan
Logam (High Strength Low Alloy Steel)
 Memiliki kekuatan yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan
dengan baja karbon, kuat leleh minimum lebih besar dari
40 ksi (274 MPa) dan mencapai kekuatan itu dalam kondisi
hot-rolled, bukan akibat heat treatment
 Penambahan kekuatan baja berasal dari campuran logam
tambahan (misal: chromium, copper, nickel, silicon,
vanadium)  meningkatkan kekuatan di atas baja karbon
dengan kenaikan harga moderat sehingga ekonomis untuk
berbagai aplikasi
 Jumlah campuran logam tambahan (alloy) kurang dari 5%
dari komposisi
 Umumnya memiliki ketahanan terhadap korosi yang lebih
tinggi dibandingkan baja karbon
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 17
High Strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLA)
 A242 : baja tahan aus, digunakan jika ketahanan terhadap
korosi atmosferik dianggap penting.
 Memberikan ketahanan terhadap korosi atmosfer
minimum empat kali dari baja karbon struktural, dan
dapat ditingkatkan hingga 5-8 kali.
 Dengan titik leleh minimum spesifikasi 50 ksi (342 MPa)
tersedia dalam bentuk pelat sampai dengan tebal ¾ inch
dan dalam bentuk profil struktural yang lebih ringan
 A588: baja tahan aus/korosi utama untuk elemen struktural.
 Memiliki sekitar 4 kali ketahanan terhadap korosi atmosfer
dibandingkan baja karbon struktural.
 Memiliki yield point 50-ksi (342 MPa) untuk pelat dengan
tebal hingga 4 in. , atau dengan yield point lebih rendah
untuk pelat yang lebih tebal.
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 18
Carbon Equivalent

C = kadar karbon, %
Mn = mangan, % Cr = kromium, %
Mo = molibdenum % V = vanadium, %
Ni = kadar nikel, % Cu =tembaga, %

 Karbon ekivalen menentukan tingkat maksimum di mana bidang

las yang berdekatan dapat didinginkan setelah pengelasan tanpa
terjadi keretakan di bawah
 Semakin tinggi karbon ekivalen, semakin rendah laju pendinginan
yang diijinkan
 Semakin tinggi karbon ekivalen, penggunaan elektroda pengelasan
hidrogen rendah dan pemanasan awal menjadi lebih penting
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 19
Baja Struktural (US Standard)
 ASTM 36
 All-purpose carbon steel,
 tegangan leleh 36 ksi (~240 MPa),
 umum dipakai dalam konstruksi
 ASTM A572
 High-strength low-alloy steel,
 tegangan leleh 50 ksi,
 umum dipakai dalam konstruksi
 ASTM A588
 Corrosion-resistant, high-strength low-alloy steel,
 tegangan leleh 50 ksi
 ASTM A514
 Extremely strong quenched and tempered alloy steel,
 tegangan leleh minimum 90-100 ksi,
 hanya diproduksi dalam bentuk plat dan batang (bars)
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 20
Baja Struktural (SNI)

 Penggolongan baja berdasarkan kekuatan (SNI 03-1729-2002)

Tegangan Putus Tegangan Leleh Peregangan

Jenis Baja
Minimum (fu) (MPa) Minimum (fy) (MPa) Minimum (%)
BJ 34 340 210 22

BJ 37 370 240 20

BJ 41 410 250 18

BJ 50 500 290 16

BJ 55 550 410 13

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 21

Structural Steel (AISC)
 Structural steel:
 A992 with a yield strength of 50 ksi (Grade 50) most commonly
used steel for framing members (W-shape columns and beams)
 A36 (Grade 36)  mainly for plates, angles, and channel sections
 Corrosion-resistant steels
 Commonly used structural steel sections

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 22

Structural Steel (AISC)
 I Sections are classified into: W-shape, S-shape,
HP-shape, and M-shape
 Comparison between W-shape and S-shape sections:

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 23

Profil Baja Struktural
 I-shape
 T-shape
 C-shape
 L-shape
 Bars
 Tubular
 Plate

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 24

 Sectional Shapes

Shapes commonly used in structural applications: (a) wide-flange (W, HP, and M
shapes), (b) I-beam (S shape), (c) channel (C and MC shapes), (d) equal-legs angle
(L shape), (e) unequal-legs angle (L shape), (f) tee, (g) sheet piling, and (h) rail.
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 25
for Civil and Construction Engineers
 Structural Steels (ASTM)
 Typical steels
 Structural shapes
 Plates
 Bars
 Specialty steels
 High-performance steels  stronger tensile properties
and weathering steels that form a corrosion barrier on
the surface of the steel when first exposed to the
environment, e.g. HPS 70W
 Stainless steels  improve appearance and durability
 resist corrosion by high chromium content
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 26
for Civil and Construction Engineers
 ASTM
Structural
Shapes

Ref: Mamlouk and

Zaniewski, Materials for
Civil and Construction
Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 27
 ASTM Plates and Bars

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 28
for Civil and Construction Engineers
Chemical Requirement of HPS 70W
 More extensive
chemical
requirements
 Lower carbon
content 
improve
weldability
 Tighter controls
on phosphorus
and sulfur
(detrimental
alloy elements)

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 for Civil and Construction Engineers 29
Stainless Steel

 Dalam keadaan tertentu

stainless steel tidak berkarat,
khususnya di lingkungan laut
atau lingkungan pabrik kimia
 Stainless steel lebih kuat dan
getas dibandingkan baja karbon
 lebih sulit untuk dipotong,
dibor, dilas, dan dibengkokkan

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 30

AISI Grades of Stainless Steel
 304: most readily available stainless steel, containing 18%
chromium and 8% nickel. Excellent corrosion resistance
and formability.
 316: similar to 304, but with addition of 3–4 percent
molybdenum for greater corrosion resistance. Generally
specified for highly corrosive environments such as
industrial, chemical, and seacoast atmospheres.
 409: straight chrome alloy, 11 to 12 percent chromium.
Primarily used for interior applications.
 410–3: dual phase alloy with micro alloy element control
that permits welding in up to 1.25 inches.
 2205: duplex structure with about equal parts of austenite
and ferrite. Excellent corrosion resistance and about twice
the yield strength of conventional grades.
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 for Civil and Construction Engineers 31
Properties of Structural Stainless Steel

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 32

Cold Formed Steel

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 33

 Cold-Formed Steel
 Formerly known as “light gauge” steel
 Used for structural framing of floors, walls and roofs
as well as interior partitions and exterior curtain wall
applications
 Thickness of cold-formed steel framing members
ranges from 18 mils (0.0179 inches, 0.455 mm) to
118 mils (0.1180 inches, 3.000 mm)
 Fabrication standards
 American Iron and Steel Institute’s Specification for the
Design of Cold-Formed Steel Framing Members (NASPEC)
 ASTM

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 34
Cold-Formed Steel

 Cold-formed steel used for steel framing members

 Manufactured from scrap steel using either electric arc or basic oxygen
furnaces to cast slabs
 Slabs are passed through a machine with a series of rollers that reduce
the slab into thin sheets of the desired thicknesses, strengths and other
physical properties
 Sheets are sent thought a hot-dipped galvanizing process and then
rolled into coils that weigh approximately 13 tons
 Primary method of manufacturing steel framing members is
roll-forming
 At the roll-former the coils are slit into the required width and fed
through a series of dies, to form the stud, joist, angle or other member
 Steel framing members may be manufactured with holes in the
member webs to facilitate utility runs during construction
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 35
Structural Grades of Cold-Formed Steel

 North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing

recognizes two yield strengths 33 and 55 ksi (AISI S201-07)
 Large deformations caused by the cold-forming process
results in local strain-hardening at the corners
 Plastic deformation results in strain-hardening at the bends that
increases the yield strength, tensile (ultimate) strength and hardness
but reduces ductility
 Strain hardening can almost double the yield strength and increase the
tensile strength by 40%
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 36
Cold-Formed Steel Shapes
 Types of steel member
 S = Stud or joist framing member with stiffening lips
 T = Track section
 U = Cold-rolled channel
 F = Furring channels
 L = Angle or L-header

Generic cold-formed
steel framing shapes

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 37

Steel Sheet –
Roof Deck and Floor Deck

Common panel and

deck shapes

 Terbuat dari metal sheet hasil cold forming

 Roof deck  topped with rigid insulation and roof cover
 Floor deck  topped with structural concrete fill
 Ketebalan sheet steel ditunjukkan oleh gauge number 
semakin besar gauge number, semakin tipis sheet steel
 Dilapisi cat atau galvanis untuk perlindungan korosi
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 38
 Typical
Sheet-Steel
Ketebalan sheet steel ditunjukkan oleh
gauge number  semakin besar gauge
number, semakin tipis sheet steel

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

Principles, Materials, and Systems SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 39
Typical Composite Decks

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 Principles, Materials, and Systems 40
Typical Roof Decks

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 Principles, Materials, and Systems 41
 Typical Roof Decks

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

Principles, Materials, and Systems SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 42
Anchorage of Roof Decks

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 Principles, Materials, and Systems 43
 Floor Decks

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

Principles, Materials, and Systems SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 44
 Concrete Fill on Metal Decks

Ref: Mehta, et al, Building Construction

Principles, Materials, and Systems SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 45
 Shear Studs for Floor Deck

Ref: Mehta, et al,

Building Construction
Principles, Materials,
and Systems
SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 46
Special Design Considerations for Cold-
Formed Steel

 More challenging than regular hot rolled structural members

 prone to buckling due to limited thickness
 Increased yield strength in cold-forming process  Ignored
results in larger members, hence more costly than is needed
yet conservative
 Corrosion creates a greater percent loss of cross section than
for thick members  need to be coated to protect steel from
corrosion during storage and transportation phases of
construction as well as for the life of the product  hot-
dipped zinc galvanizing is most commonly used
 Need special care to prevent galvanic corrosion  isolate
cold-formed members from dissimilar metals, such as copper

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 47

 Fastening Products

DK SI 2101 - Set 5 - Sem. 1/2019 48

 ASTM
Structural
Fasteners
 Fastening products
 Conventional bolts
 Twist-off-type tension
control bolt assemblies
 Nuts
 Washers
 Compressible-washer-
type direct tension
indicators
 Anchor rods
 Threaded rods
 Forged steel structural
hardware
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
DK for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 5 - Sem. 1/2019 49
 Spesifikasi Baut (Bolt)
dan Paku Keling (Rivet)
Diameter Proof Stress Kuat Tarik
Baut Mutu
(db, mm) (70% fu, MPa) (fu, MPa)

A307 Normal 6.35-10.4 - 410

A325 Tinggi 12.7-25.4 585 825
28.6-38.1 510 725
A490 Tinggi 12.7-38.1 825 1035
Paku Keling Normal - 370

Catatan :
- Baut mutu normal : Baut putih
- Baut mutu tinggi : Baut hitam, BMT, HTB

DK SI 2101 - Set 5 - Sem. 1/2019 50

 Baut Mutu Normal
 Terbuat dari baja karbon rendah,
fy = 250 MPa dan fu = 410 MPa
 Ukuran: diameter ¼ in - 4 in.
 Kepala baut: umumnya segi empat
atau segi enam beraturan (hexagonal)
 Penggunaan:
 Struktur ringan yang hanya
memikul beban statik,
 Rangka atap bentang pendek

 Elemen sekunder (gording,

pengaku/bracing)
 Sebagai penghubung sementara
 akan digunakan baut mutu
tinggi atau las sebagai alat
penyambung permanen
DK SI 2101 - Set 5 - Sem. 1/2019 51
 Baut Mutu Tinggi
 Terbuat dari baja karbon
medium, fu= 825 MPa
 Ukuran: diameter ½ in - 1½ in
 Kepala baut: biasanya segi
enam beraturan
 Penggunaan:
 Struktur utama yang
memikul beban dinamik
 Sambungan balok-kolom
pada bangunan bertingkat
 Sambungan balok-balok
jembatan
 Rangka atap bentang
panjang
DK SI 2101 - Set 5 - Sem. 1/2019 52
 ASTM Types of Steel Bolts
 Unfinished (or common or ordinary) bolts
 Made from carbon steel and generally have the same
stress-strain characteristics as A36 steel
 ASTM specifications: A307 bolts
 The use of A307 bolts has decreased significantly since the
introduction of high-strength bolts
 High-strength bolts
 ASTM specifications: A325 or A490.
 A325 bolts: made from heat-treated carbon steel, fy= 85 ksi
 A490 bolts: made from heat-treated steel alloy, fy= 120 ksi
 A325 bolts are more commonly used because they cost less

DK SI 2101 - Set 5 - Sem. 1/2019 53

 Baja Tulangan
(Reinforcing Steel)

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 54

 Reinforcing Steel
 Structural concrete members subjected to tensile and
flexural stresses must be reinforced due to concrete
negligible tensile strength
 Conventional or pre-stressed reinforcing can be used,
depending on the design situation
 Conventional reinforcement  stresses fluctuate with loads
on the structure, thus no special requirements on steel
 Pre-stressed reinforcement  steel is under continuous
tension, any stress relaxation will reduce the effectiveness
of the reinforcement, thus special steels are required

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 55
 Conventional Reinforcing
 Reinforcing steel (rebar) is manufactured in three forms
 Plain bars  round, without surface deformations, provide
only limited bond with concrete and not typically used in
sections subjected to tension or bending
 Deformed bars  have protrusions (deformations) at the
surface to ensure a good bond between the bar and the
concrete  deformed surface prevents slipping, allowing
concrete and steel to work as one unit
 Plain and deformed wire fabrics  flat sheets in which
wires pass each other at right angles, and one set of
elements is parallel to the fabric axis. Plain wire fabrics
develop anchorage in concrete at welded intersections,
deformed wire fabrics develop anchorage through
deformations and at welded intersections
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 56
 Standard-Size Reinforcing Bars (ASTM A615)

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 57
 Types and Properties of Reinforcing Bar (ASTM)

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 58
 ASTM Reinforcing Bar
Identification Codes

 Marking symbols are rolled into bars during production

 Letter code for manufacturer
 Numerical code for bar size  in millimeters or “standard bar numbers”
(indicates the number of 1/8 inch of the nominal diameter of the bar)
 Letter code for type of steel (bars marked with both S and W have steel that
meets all requirements for each type of steel): S for billet steel–A615, I Rail
steel–A616, A Axial steel–A617, W Low alloy steel–A706
 Grade of steel designated by either grade lines or numerical code (smaller
line located between the two main ribs)
 Grade 40 or 300 – no designation
 Grade 60 or 420 – one grade line between the main ribs or the number 4
 Grade 75 or 520 – two grade lines between the main ribs or the number 5
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 59
Klasifikasi Baja Tulangan (SNI 07-2052)
Yield Tensile Elongation %
Grade
Strength Strength (min)
Min 24 kgf/mm2 Min 39 kgf/mm2 D<25 20
BJTP-24 (235 N/mm2 ) (383 N/mm2) D>25 24

Min 30 kgf/mm2 Min 45 kg f/mm2 D<25 18

BJTP-30 (294 N/mm2 ) (441 N/mm2) D>25 20

Min 30 kgf/mm2 Min 45 kg f/mm2 D<25 16

BJTS-30 (294 N/mm2 ) (441 N/mm2) D>25 18

Min 35 kgf/mm2 Min 50 kg f/mm2 D<25 18

BJTS-35 (343 N/mm2 ) (491 N/mm2 ) D>25 20

Min 40 kgf/mm2 Min 57 kg f/mm2 D<25 16

BJTS-40 (392 N/mm2) (559 N/mm2) D>25 18

Min 50 kgf/mm2 Min 63 kg f/mm2 D<25 12

BJTD-50 (491 N/mm2 ) (618 N/mm2) D>25 14

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 60

Klasifikasi Baja Tulangan (SNI 07-2052)

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 61

Ukuran Baja Tulangan dan Toleransi
(SNI 07-2052)

SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 62

 Steel for Prestressed Concrete
 Requires special steel wires, strands, cables, and bars 
high strength and low relaxation properties
 High-carbon steels and high-strength alloy steels are used 
ASTM A416 and AASHTO M203 for a seven-wire uncoated
steel strand, allow two types of steel: stress-relieved (normal-
relaxation) and low-relaxation
 Relaxation refers to the percent of stress reduction that occurs
when a constant amount of strain is applied over an extended
time period
 Specified as Grade 250 or Grade 270, with ultimate strengths
of 1725 MPa (250 ksi) and 1860 MPa (270 ksi), based on
mechanical properties only
 After stranding, low-relaxation strands are subjected to a
continuous thermal–mechanical treatment to produce the
required mechanical properties
Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials
for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 63
 Required Properties for Seven-Wire Strand

Ref: Mamlouk and Zaniewski, Materials

for Civil and Construction Engineers SI 2101 - Set 3B - Sem. 1/2020 64
Tugas 3
 Buatlah ringkasan Bab 2 dan 3 dari buku pustaka utama
Michael S. Mamlouk, John P. Zaniewski.
“Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers”,
3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 2009
 Ringkasan max 8 halaman A4, diketik atau tulis tangan
 Due: Kamis, 1 Oktober 2020 jam 09.00 WIB

SI 2101 Set 1A - Semester I/2020 65