KAJIAN TEKNIS PRODUKTIVITAS UNIT PEREMUK BATU ANDESIT

DI PT. GAWI MAJU KARSA KABUPATEN PURWOREJO

PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

SKRIPSI

Oleh :
DENNA PRAMESTI ROMADHONA SUSANTO
NPM : 112.15.0143

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

JURUSAN TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN”
YOGYAKARTA
2019

KAJIAN TEKNIS PRODUKTIVITAS UNIT PEREMUK BATU ANDESIT

 DI PT. GAWI MAJU KARSA KABUPATEN PURWOREJO
PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

SKRIPSI
Disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik
dari Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta

Oleh :
DENNA PRAMESTI ROMADHONA SUSANTO
NPM : 112.15.0143

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

JURUSAN TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN”
YOGYAKARTA
2019
KAJIAN TEKNIS PRODUKTIVITAS UNIT PEREMUK BATU ANDESIT
DI PT. GAWI MAJU KARSA KABUPATEN PURWOREJO
PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2
 Oleh :
DENNA PRAMESTI ROMADHONA SUSANTO
NPM : 112.15.143

Disetujui untuk
Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Pertambangan
Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan
Fakultas Teknologi Mineral
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Tanggal : .....................................

Dosen Pembimbing I, Dosen Pembimbing II,

Ir. Untung Sukamto, M.T. Dr. Edy Nursanto, S.T. ,M.

3
 Dipersembahkan untuk
Kedua Orang Tua Tercinta

4
 ABSTRAK

PT. Gawi Maju Karsa (PT. GMK) merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang
bergerak di bidang penambangan dan peremukan batu andesit. Pabrik peremuk
batu andesit terletak di Dusun Pletuk, Desa Dadirejo, Kecamatan Bagelen,
Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji
secara teknis unit peremuk yang menyebabkan belum tercapainya tagret produksi
dan memberikan alternatif perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencapai target
produksi harian.
Produksi yang dihasilkan saat ini sebesar 1.272,30 ton/hari dengan
material yang dihasilkan yaitu produk ukuran -30+20 mm 22,66%
atau
48,78 ton/jam, produk ukuran -20+10 mm 36,13% atau 77,77 ton/jam, produk
ukuran -10+5 mm 21,11% atau 45,45 ton/jam, dan produk ukuran -5 mm 20,10%
atau 43,28 ton/jam. Target produksi yang diinginkan sebesar 1700 ton/hari
dengan rincian produk ukuran -30+20 mm ≥ 28% atau ≥ 60,28 ton/jam, produk
ukuran -20+10 mm ≥33% atau 71,04 ton/jam, produk ukuran -10+5 mm
≤20% atau
≤43,06 ton/jam, dan produk ukuran -5 mm ≤19% atau ≤40,90 ton/jam. Berdasarkan
data tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa target produksi harian belum tercapai sedangkan
distribusi ukuran produk yang diharapkan perusahaan yaitu produk ukuran -30+20
mm ≥28% dan produk ukuran -5 mm ≤19%.
Perbaikan yang dilakukan dengan mengubah setting Hydraulic Cone
Crusher H 300 S menjadi 48 mm agar produk ukuran -30+20 mm meningkat dan
setting Hydraulic Cone Crusher H 300 menjadi 20 mm agar produk ukuran -5
mm berkurang. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan produksi harian dilakukan
perbaikan dengan cara menekan waktu hambatan kerja sehingga waktu kerja
efektif meningkat.
Setelah dilakukan perbaikan, maka di dapat target produksi harian
sebesar 2038,70 ton/hari dengan rincian produk -30+20 sebesar mm 62,60 ton/jam
atau 29,08%, produk ukuran -20+10 mm sebesar 74,08 ton/jam atau 34,41%,
produk ukuran -10+5 mm sebesar 41,76 ton/jam atau 19,40% dan produk ukuran -
5 mm sebesar 36,83 ton/jam atau 17,11%.

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 ABSTRACT

PT. Gawi Maju Karsa (PT. GMK) is a company engaged in mining and
crushing andesite stones. The andesite crusher company is located in Pletuk
Hamlet, Dadirejo Village, Bagelen Subdistrict, Purworejo District, Central Java.
This research was conducted to examine technically the crusher unit that has not
achieved the production tagret and provided alternative improvements that can
be done to achieve daily production targets.
The current production of 1.272,30 tons/day with the material produced is
product size -30+20 mm 22,66% or 48,78 tons/hour, product size -20+10 mm
36,13% or 77,77 tons/hour, product size -10+5 mm 21,11% or 45,45 tons/hour,
and product size -5 mm 20,10% or 43,28 tons/hour. The production target
expected by the company is 1700 tons/day with details of product size -
30+20 mm ≥28% or ≥60,28 tons/hour, product size -20+10 mm ≥33% or
71,04 tons/hour, product size -10+5 mm ≤20% or ≤43,06 tons/hour, and
product size of -5 mm ≤19% or ≤40,90 tons/hour. Based on these data it can
be seen that the daily production target has not been achieved while the product
size distribution expected by the company is -30+20 mm ≥28% and -5 mm ≤19%.
Improvements were made by changing the Hydraulic Cone Crusher H 300
S setting to 48 mm so that the size of the product -30+20 mm increased and
changing the Hydraulic Cone Crusher H 300 to 20 mm so that the product size of
-5 mm was reduced. In addition, to improve daily production, improvements were
made by reducing the time of work barriers so that effective work time increases.
After repairs, the target of daily production is 2038,70 tons/day with
product details -30+20 mm 62,60 tons/hour or 29,08%, product size -20+10 mm
74,08 tons/hour or 34,41%, product size -10 + 5 mm 41,76 tons/hour or 19,40%
and product size -5 mm 36,83 tons/hour or 17,11%.

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur dipanjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmatnya
sehingga penyusunan skripsi dengan judul Kajian Teknis Produktivitas Unit
Peremuk Batu Andesit di PT. Gawi Maju Karsa Kabupaten Purworejo
Provinsi Jawa Tengah ini dapat diselesaikan. Skripsi ini disusun sebagai salah satu
syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Pertambangan dari Program Studi
Sarjana Teknik Pertambangan, Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Teknologi
Mineral, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta. Skripsi ini
disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di PT. Gawi Maju Karsa antara
1 Maret 2019 - 30 Mei 2019.
Atas selesainya penyusunan skripsi ini, diucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Bapak Dr. Mohamad Irhas Effendi,M.S., Rektor Universitas Pembangunan
Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta
2. Bapak Dr. Ir. H. Suharsono, MT, Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Mineral UPN
“Veteran” Yogyakarta
3. Bapak Dr. Edy Nursanto, ST, MT., Ketua Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan dan
Dosen Pembimbing II
4. Ibu Ir. Wawong Dwi Ratminah, MT., Koordinator Program Studi Sarjana
Teknik Pertambangan
5. Bapak Ir. Untung Sukamto, M.T., Dosen Pembimbing I
6. Seluruh pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan skripsi ini
Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan
pada umumnya dan khususnya ilmu pertambangan.
Yogyakarta, Maret 2019 Penulis

Denna Pramesti Romadhona Susanto)

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
ABSTRAK..................................................................................................................v
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................vi
KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR..................................................................................................x
DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN...........................................................................................xiv
BAB
I. PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang ..............................................................................................1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah..........................................................................................2
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian...........................................................................................2
1.4. Batasan Masalah............................................................................................2
1.5. Metode Penelitian..........................................................................................2
1.6. Manfaat Penelitian.........................................................................................4

II. TINJAUAN UMUM

2.1. Sejarah Perusahaan........................................................................................6
2.2. Lokasi dan Kesampaian Daerah.....................................................................6
2.3. Iklim dan Curah Hujan...................................................................................7
2.4. Tinjauan Geologi...........................................................................................9
2.5. Karakteristik Batu Andesit...........................................................................12
2.6. Tahapan Kegiatan Penambangan.................................................................12
2.7. Kegiatan Peremukan Batuan........................................................................14

III. DASAR TEORI

3.1. Peralatan Unit Peremuk Batu Andesit.........................................................17
3.2. Reduction Ratio............................................................................................31
3.3. Efisiensi Kerja..............................................................................................32
3.4. Efektifitas Penggunaan Alat........................................................................33
3.5. Teknik Pengambilan Conto..........................................................................35

viii
 Halaman
IV. HASIL PENELITIAN
4.1. Proses Kerja Pabrik Peremuk ......................................................................38
4.2. Pengambilan Conto Material dan Pengumpulan Data.................................44
4.3. Kondisi Material Umpan..............................................................................46
4.4. Hasil Produksi pada Unit Peremuk..............................................................46

V. PEMBAHASAN
5.1. Penilaian Teknis terhadap Produksi Unit Peremuk....................................55
5.2. Alternatif Perbaikan pada Unit Peremuk....................................................60

VI. PENUTUP
6.1. Kesimpulan..................................................................................................70
6.2. Saran............................................................................................................71

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...............................................................................................72
LAMPIRAN..............................................................................................................73

ix
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman
1.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian........................................................................................5
2.1 Peta Lokasi dan Kesampaian Daerah....................................................................7
2.2 Grafik Curah Hujan Rata-rata Bulanan (mm) Tahun 2008-2017.........................8
2.3 Grafik Curah Hujan Rata-rata Bulanan (hari) Tahun 2008-2017.........................8
2.4 Stratigrafi Kabupaten Purworejo........................................................................10
2.5 Peta Geologi Daerah Penelitian .........................................................................11
2.6 Crawler Hydraulic DTH CM358A.....................................................................13
2.7 Kegiatan Pemuatan.............................................................................................13
2.8 Kegiatan Pengangkutan .....................................................................................14
2.9 Diagram Alir Kegiatan Peremukan.....................................................................15
3.1 Detail Penampang Hopper..................................................................................17
3.2 Apron Feeder......................................................................................................18
3.3 Resiprocating Plate Feeder ...............................................................................19
3.4 Vibrating Grizzly Feeder....................................................................................20
3.5 Blake Jaw Crusher..............................................................................................20
3.6 Dodge Jaw Crusher............................................................................................21
3.7 Gyratory Crusher................................................................................................22
3.8 Cone Crusher......................................................................................................25
3.9 Perbedaan Head yang Digunakan.......................................................................25
3.10 Ayakan Getar (Vibrating Screen).....................................................................28
3.11 Penampang Area Belt Conveyor.......................................................................29
4.1 Pemuatan Dump Truck ke Hopper......................................................................38
4.2 Hopper................................................................................................................38
4.3 Vibrating Gizzly Feeder......................................................................................39
4.4 Jaw Crusher........................................................................................................39

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4.5 Surge Pile............................................................................................................41
Halaman
4.6 Hydraulic Cone Crusher H 300 S.......................................................................41
4.7 Hydraulic Cone Crusher H 300 D......................................................................41
4.8 Single Vibrating Screen......................................................................................42
4.9 Double Vibrating Screen.....................................................................................43
4.10 Belt Conveyor....................................................................................................43
4.11 Diagram Pengambilan Conto............................................................................45
4.12 Diagram Alir Saat Penelitian............................................................................51
5.1 Grafik Perbandingan Waktu Kerja Primary Crushing Sebelum dan Setelah
Perbaikan...........................................................................................................65
5.2 Grafik Perbandingan Waktu Kerja Secondary Crushing Sebelum dan Setelah
Perbaikan...........................................................................................................65
5.3 Diagram Hasil Perbaikan...................................................................................69

xi
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman
3.1 Konstanta Belt.....................................................................................................30
4.1 Distribusi Umpan pada Unit Peremuk................................................................45
4.2 Distribusi Produk Vibrating Grizzly Feeder ......................................................46
4.3 Distribusi Produk Jaw Crusher...........................................................................46
4.4 Distribusi Produk Cone Crusher I......................................................................47
4.5 Distribusi Umpan Screen Saat Keadaan Tunak..................................................48
4.6 Distribusi Produk Screen Saat Keadaan Tunak..................................................49
4.7 Distribusi Umpan Cone Crusher II.....................................................................49
4.8 Distribusi Produk Cone Crusher II.....................................................................49
4.9 Distribusi Umpan Screen II................................................................................50
4.10 Distribusi Produk Screen II...............................................................................50
4.11 Reduction Ratio.................................................................................................50
4.12 Efisiensi Screen.................................................................................................51
4.13 Efektivitas Peralatan.........................................................................................53
4.14 Waktu Rata-rata Hambatan Kerja Primary Crushing.......................................53
4.15 Waktu Rata-rata Hambatan Kerja Secondary Crushing...................................53
4.16 Nilai Kesediaan dan Penggunaan Rangkaian Peremuk Primer........................54
4.17 Nilai Kesediaan dan Penggunaan Rangkaian Peremuk Sekunder....................54
4.18 Jumlah Mekanik................................................................................................54
5.1 Distribusi Umpan Cone Crusher I......................................................................61
5.2 Distribusi Produk Cone Crusher I......................................................................61
5.3 Distribusi Umpan Screen Saat Keadaan Tunak..................................................62
5.4 Distribusi Produk Screen Saat Keadaan Tunak..................................................62
5.5 Distribusi Umpan Cone Crusher II.....................................................................62
5.6 Distribusi Produk Cone Crusher II.....................................................................63
5.7 Distribusi Umpan Screen II................................................................................63

xii
 Halaman
5.8 Distribusi Produk Screen II.................................................................................63
5.9 Waktu Rata-rata Hambatan Kerja Primary Crushing Setelah Ditekan..............64
5.10 Waktu Rata-rata Hambatan Kerja Secondary Crushing Setelah Ditekan.........64
5.11 Waktu Kerja Sebelum Perubahan.....................................................................66
5.12 Waktu Kerja Setelah Perubahan.......................................................................66
5.13 Jumlah Mekanik Setelah Perbaikan..................................................................67
5.14 Nilai Kesediaan dan Penggunaan Alat Rangkaian Peremuk Primer................67
5.15 Nilai Kesediaan dan Penggunaan Alat Rangkaian Peremuk Sekunder............67
5.16 Efektivitas Peralatan Sebelum dan Setelah Perbaikan......................................68

xiii
 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN Halaman
A. PERHITUNGAN RATA-RATA CURAH HUJAN DAN HARI HUJAN.........73
B. PERHITUNGAN BOBOT ISI.............................................................................74
C. SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN............................................................................. 77
D. PERHITUNGAN KAPASITAS HOPPER DAN FEEDER................................81
E. PERHITUNGAN WAKTU KERJA EFEKTIF...................................................83
F. PERHITUNGAN KESEDIAAN ALAT..............................................................86
G. PERHITUNGAN ALAT PEREMUK.................................................................93
H. PERHITUNGAN BELT CONVEYOR.................................................................96
I. PERHITUNGAN REDUCTION RATIO.............................................................106
J. PERHITUNGAN NISBAH BEBAN EDAR ....................................................110
K. HASIL PROGRAM SPLIT DEKSTOP............................................................119
L. PERHITUNGAN AYAKAN GETAR (VIBRATING SCREEN).......................123

xiv