GLAUCOMA
[ apt.Silma Kaaffah, M.Farm]
Universitas Harapan Bangsa
DEFINISI
Kemenkes, 2019
Penyebab glaucoma penumpukan cairan di bagian depan mata, yang meningkatkan tekanan di dalam mata.
Glaukoma dapat menyebabkan hilangnya penglihatan jika tidak didiagnosis dan diobati sejak dini.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/
EPIDEMIOLOGI
2,78% gangguan penglihatan di dunia
disebabkan krn glaukoma
kasus kebutaan, glaukoma menjadi
penyebab kedua terbesar, setelah
katarak
Glaukoma sudut terbuka primer
(POAG) / hipertensi okular lebih
umum di luar Asia daripada
glaukoma sudut tertutup primer
(PACG) (Dipiro, 2019)
Berdasarkan data aplikasi rumah sakit online (SIRS online),
jml kunjungan glaukoma pasien RaJal di RS 2015-2017
meningkat
80 76
60 60.5
40
20
0
2010 2020 2040
JUMLAH PENDERITA GLAUKOMA
Primer
Akut
Sudut tertutup
(GPSTp) / PCAG Ciri sudut bilik mata depan yg sempit
menghambat cairan keluar pada bola mata
Glaukoma berhubungan dg
kelainan/ penyakit pada
mata / sistemik lainnya Sudut terbuka
(GPSTa) / POAG
Glaukoma Sekunder
Sudut tertutup
(GPSTp) / PCAG
Kongenital
Jenis lain :
Normotensi,
Absolut
Primary
Angle
Closure
Suspect
(PACS) Primary
GPTSp, glaucoma jenis ini dapat Angle
bersifat akut dengan gejela nyeri Closure
pada daerah mata, sakit kepala, mata Glaukoma (PAC)
merah, peningkatan tekanan bola sudut
mata secara tiba-tiba penurunan tertutup
penglihatan secara tajam, terkadang primer Glaukoma
primer
disertai mual muntah
sudut
tertutup
Acute
(GPSTp)
Angle
Closure
Glaucoma
(AACG)
Aqueous humor drainage pathways of healthy and
glaucomatous eyes. (Reprinted with permission
from Weinreb RN, Aung T, Madeiros FA. The
pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma. JAMA.
2014;311:1901-1911.)
Dipiro, 2019
Mekanisme terjadinya PACG yang paling sering adalah adanya hambatan
aliran humour aquaeous dari bilik mata belakang ke bilik mata depan yang
disebut sebagai blok pupil
Dipiro, 2019
Dipiro, 2019
PROGNOSIS
• In most cases of POAG, the overall prognosis is excellent when it is discovered early
and treated adequately.
• Even patients with advanced visual field loss can have continued visual field loss
reduced if the IOP is maintained at low enough pressures (often n <10-12 mm Hg
[1.3-1.6 kPa]).
• Medications will control IOP successfully in 60-80% of patients over a 5-year period.
• Progression of visual field loss still occurs in 8-20% of patients despite reaching
standard therapy IOP goals.
• However, for untreated patients and for those who fail to achieve target IOP
reduction, up to 80% have continued visual field loss.
• Estimates of progression to bilateral blindness in treated patients range from 4 - 22%.
TATALAKSANA TERAPI
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
• European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 3: Treatment principles and options Supported by the EGS Foundation British Journal
of Ophthalmology 2017;101:130-195.
Dalam segala bentuk glaukoma, pengurangan tekanan intraokular (TIO) sangat penting
mencegah perkembangan / bahkan timbulnya glaukoma.
mencegah kerusakan pada saraf optik dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan fungsi
penglihatan dan kualitas hidup pasien
menghambat pembentukan humour aquaeous
Tujuan terapi medikamentosa