KEPANITERAAN KLINIK
DEPARTEMEN ILMU KESEHATAN MATA
RSUP PERSAHABATAN
Periode 12 Maret 2018- 14 April 2018
DEFINISI
Salah satu kedaruratan mata,
karena masuknya zat zat kimia ke
jaringan mata dan adneksa
- Kornea
Nekrosis, erosi, ulcerasi, perforasi
- Konjungtiva
Nekrosis
- Limbus
Gangguan dan oklusi Sel limbus kehilangan sel-sel barunya
- Penetrasi dalam
Kerusakan dan presipitasi glikosaminoglikan serta opasifikasi stroma kornea
- COA
Kerusakan iris dan lensa
- Kerusakan epitel siliar
Merusak sekresi ascorbate Gangguan produksi kolagen dan perbaikan kornea
Trauma
Damage Healing
kimia
Penglihatan
buram
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
• Dengan Lup dan senter
• Hiperemia konjungtiva
• Defek epitel kornea dan konjungtiva
• Iskemia limbus kornea
• Kekeruhan kornea dan lensa
• Tes lakmus/pH
ROPER HALL CLASSIFICATION
Kornea jernih tanpa Kornea keruh Defek epitel kornea Kekeruhan kornea total
iskemia limbus dengan iris yang total dan kekeruhan iskemia ≥ ½ limbus
(Excellent Prognosis) masih terlihat jelas stroma yang (Very poor prognosis)
dan iskemik < 1/3 menutupi gambaran
limbus iris dan iskemia yang
(Good Prognosis) melibatkan 1/3 - ½
limbus
(Guarded Prognosis)
• Grade I
• Topical antibiotic ointment (erythromycin ointment or similar) four times a day
• Prednisolone acetate 1% four times a day
• Preservative free artificial tears as needed
• If there is pain, consider a short acting cycloplegic like cyclopentolate three times a day
• Grade II
• Topical antibiotic drop like fluoroquinolone four times daily
• Prednisolone acetate 1% hourly while awake for the first 7-10 days. Consider tapering the steroid if the epithelium
has not healed by day 10-14. If an epithelial defect persists after day 10, consider progestational steroids (1%
medroxyprogesterone four times daily)
• Long acting cycloplegic like atropine
• Oral Vitamin C, 2 grams four times a day
• Doxycycline, 100 mg twice a day (avoid in children)
• Sodium ascorbate drops (10%) hourly while awake
• Preservative free artificial tears as needed
• Debridement of necrotic epithelium and application of tissue adhesive as needed
• Grade III
• As for Grade II
• Consider amniotic membrane transplant/Prokera placement. This should ideally be performed in the first week of
injury. Experienced surgeons have emphasized placement of the amniotic membrane to cover the palpebral
conjunctiva by suturing to the lids in the operating room, not just covering the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva.
• Grade IV
• As for Grade II/III
• Early surgery is usually necessary. For significant necrosis, a Tenonplasty can help reestablish limbal vascularity. An
amniotic membrane transplant is often necessary due to the severity of the ocular surface damage.
Yang perlu di perhatikan:
• Epitel kornea
• Perubahan iris
• Kondisi lensa
• TIO
PRINSIP TATALAKSANA
Trauma kimia
merupakan trauma
pada mata yang harus
segera di tangani Dilakukan pada
area nekrosis
epitel kornea
Tanpa harus untuk reepitelisasi
menceritakan terlebih
dahulu
• Steroid drops- In the first week following injury, topical steroids can help calm
inflammation and prevent further corneal breakdown.[14] In mild injuries, topical
prednisolone (Predforte) can be employed four times daily. In more severe
injuries, prednisolone can be used every hour. After about one week of intensive
steroid use, the steroids should be tapered because the balance of collagen
synthesis vs. collagen breakdown may tip unfavorably toward collagen breakdown
SURGERY
1. Early 2. Late
- Menjahit bagian kapsul tenon- Memperbaiki konjungtiva bands
ke limbus -> revaskularisasi dan symblepharon
limbus - Transplantasi konjungtiva/
- Transplantasi limbus stem sel mukosa membran grafts
(autograft) atau (allograft) ->- Koreksi deformitas kelopak
memperbaiki epitel kornea mata
- Keratoprosthesis dilakukan
pada kerusakan yang sangat
hebat karena pada grafting
konvensional terdapat hasil
yang buruk.
EDUKASI
• Anjuran penggunaan kacamata/ google,
sarung tangan, masker pada saat kontak
dengan bahan kimia
KOMPLIKASI
• Glaukoma sekunder
• Trauma basa menyebabkan kontraksi sklera dan
kerusakan anyaman trabecular, sehingga
menimbulkan peningkatan TIO
• Simblefaron
• Adhesi antara palpebra dan bola mata
• Pembentukan jaringan parut kornea
• Entropion
• Ptisis bulbi
• Glaucoma
• Glaucoma is quite common following ocular injury, ranging in frequency from 15%-55% in
patients with severe burns.[8] The mechanism of glaucoma is multifactorial and includes
contraction of the anterior structures of the globe secondary to chemical and inflammatory
damage, inflammatory debris in the trabecular meshwork, and damage to the trabecular
meshwork itself.[46] More severe burns (Roper-Hall Grade III or IV) have been found to have
significantly higher intraocular pressure at presentation and were more likely to require long
term glaucoma medication and undergo glaucoma surgery than grade I or II injuries.[8]
Glaucoma medications should be prescribed as necessary to maintain normal intraocular
pressure
• Dry eye
• Chemical injury can destroy conjunctival goblet cells, leading to a reduction or even absence
of mucus in the tear film, and compromising the proper dispersion of the precorneal tear
film. This mucus deficiency results in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye).[47] Even in well-
healed eyes, chronic dry eye can cause significant morbidity because of discomfort, visual
disturbance, and potential for damage of the ocular surface.