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didapatkan hasil tidak muncul garis pada T dan C.
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e. Tidak dapat digunakan
3
Dilakukan pemeriksaan widal. Pada titer 1/160 masih You can simply impress your audience and
terbentuk aglutinasi, tetapi pada titer 1/320 sudah
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Dipipet 1 2 3 4 5
Serum 80 uL 40 uL 20 uL 10 uL 5 uL
Pengenceran 1/20 1/40 1/80 1/160 1/320
4
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DASAR PEMERIKSAAN
Diagnosis :
Reagen Pertama : sensitivitas tertinggi (>99 %)
Reagen kedua : spesifisitas > 98 % atau lebih besar
dari reagen > 1
Reagen ketiga : spesifisitas > 99 % atau lebih besar
dari reagen > 2
Strategi tes HIV
Strategi I :
satu jenis tes skrining donor darah
Strategi II :
dua jenis tes yang berbeda sero-survey
Strategi III :
tiga jenis tes yang berbeda diagnostik
DIAGNOSIS PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR
• Rapid Test
• ELISA
RAPID TEST
Kelebihan:
Hasilnya cepat
Tidak perlu batch
Tidak perlu alat khusus / petugas
terlatih
Hasil pada hari yg sama
A1 positif A1 negatif
A2 Lapor sebagai
“Non-reaktif”
A2
A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2
pos neg
A3 Ulangi A1&A2
A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 neg A2
pos A3 neg
pos pos neg neg
Lapor sebagai
Lapor sebagai “Non-reaktif”
“reaktif”
Alur pemeriksaan anti-HIV untuk diagnosis
A2
A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2
pos neg
A3 Ulangi A1&A2
A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 neg A2
pos A3 neg neg A3 pos pos neg neg
Lapor sebagai
“Non-reaktif”
Lapor sebagai
“Indeterm”
Alur pemeriksaan anti-HIV untuk diagnosis
A2
A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2
pos neg
A3 Ulangi A1&A2
A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 pos A2 A1 neg A2
neg A3 neg pos neg neg
Lapor sebagai
“Non-reaktif”
A1 pos A2
neg A3 neg
Catatan penting :
• Untuk individu yang “baru” didiagnosis perlu
dilakukan pemeriksaan ulang dengan bahan baru,
sebelum dikonfirmasi
• Untuk hasil yang “indeterminate”, perlu diulang
dengan bahan baru yang diambil sedikitnya 14 hari
sesudah yang pertama
• Bila hasil tetap “indeterminate” dengan bahan baru,
lakukan pemantauan ulang pada 3, 6 atau 12 bulan.
Bila setelah 1 tahun hasil tetap “indeterminate”,
dianggap tidak terinfeksi HIV
5
Seorang anak demam 390C, mual, muntah, kuku berwarna You can simply impress your audience and
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d. RPR
e. HBsAg
6
Pada pemeriksaan widal titer 1/160 positif. You can simply impress your audience and
Titer 1/130 negatif.
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7
Pada pemeriksaan RF didapat hasil masih positif pada You can simply impress your audience and
titer 1/320. Sensitivitasnya 8.
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Pengenceran terakhir yang masih positif aglutinasi
dikalikann dengan factor konversi 8.
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kelaminnya. Apa pemeriksaan skrining yang sesuai..
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9
Pemeriksaan ASTO adalah tata cara pemeriksaan
laboratorium untuk menentukan kadar
Anti streptolisin O secara kualitatif / semi
Seorang anak usia 15 tahun melakukan pemerikaaan You can simply impress your audience and
kuantitatif
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Apa tujuan pemeriksaan tersebut? Pemeriksaan ASTO adalah tata cara
pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk
Terbentuknya aglutinasi
menentukansebagai hasil reaksi antara
a. Mendeteksi protein kadar Anti streptolisin O
Pemeriksaan CRP titer 1/32 masih aglutinasi. CPR memiliki peranYou can simply responfase
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akut andyang
Bila sensitifitas 6 IU/L
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berbagai Easy kondisi inflamasi
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berapa kadar CRP... photos
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Secara umum, tes serologi sifilis terdiri atas dua jenis, yaitu:
11
1.Tes non-treponema
Rapid test sifilis yang tersedia saat ini TP Rapid termasuk kategori spesifik treponema
yang mendeteksi antibodi spesifik terhadap berbagai spesies treponema (tidak selalu
T pallidum), sehingga tidak dapat digunakan membedakan infeksi aktif dari infeksi yang telah
diterapi dengan baik. TP Rapid hanya menunjukkan bahwa seseorang pernah terinfeksi
treponema, namun tidak dapat menunjukkan seseorang sedang mengalami infeksi aktif.
TP Rapid dapat digunakan hanya sebagai pengganti pemeriksaan TPHA, dalam rangkaian
pemeriksaan bersama dengan RPR. Penggunaan TP Rapid tetap harus didahului dengan
pemeriksaan RPR. Jika hasil tes positif, harus dilanjutkan dengan memeriksa titer RPR,
untuk diagnosis dan menentukan pengobatan.
12
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13
CRP kualitatif positif dan CRP semi kuantitatif 1/32. You can simply impress your audience and
Dalam 4 kotak didapatkan 100 sel.
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14
Pemeriksaan widal semikuantitatif mengalami aglutinasi You can simply impress your audience and
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15
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c. Antigen salmonella pada reagen bereaksi dengan antibodi
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d. Antibodi salmonella pada reagen bereaksi dengan antigen
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e. Antigen salmonella pada reagen bereaksi dengan bakteri
salmonella
17
Pemeriksaan widal dilakukan thdp anak berusia 10 th. You can simply impress your audience and
Metode reaksi aglutinasi. + Ag O. Pengenceran terakhir
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18
Pasien melakukan px HCV. TLM melakukan pemeriksaan You can simply impress your audience and
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19
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a. Basofil
b. Limfosit
c. Eosinofil
d. Monosit
e. Neutrofil segmen
20
Di bawah ini adalah kit ICT untuk pemeriksaan anti HIV, You can simply impress your audience and
sensitivitas dan spesifisitasnya sebagai berikut :
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Kit A : sensitivitas 98% dan spesifisitas 99% photos and Text. Get a modern
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Kit C : sensitivitas 98% dan spesifisitas 100%
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Kit E : sensitivitas 98,5% dan spesifisitas 98,5% change colors, photos and Text. Get a
Reagen manakah yang tepat digunakan untuk strategi I?
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d. ELISA
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22
Diduga menderita sifilis. dilakukan pemeriksaan TPHA You can simply impress your audience and
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24
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25
Pemeriksaan CRP memakai sampel apa? You can simply impress your audience and
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26
Pasien wanita melakukan px ASTO. Uji kualitatif positif You can simply impress your audience and
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Berapa kadar ASTO jika sensitivitas reagennya 200
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a. 800
b. 1200
c. 1600
d. 3200
e. 12800
• Infeksi streptokokus dapat menyebabkan penyulit berupa
respon imun yang mengakibatkan kerusakan berbagai
organ tubuh. Misalnya:
Sistemik
Kelainan katup
jantung
Demam Rematik
INFEKSI STREPTOKOKUS = INFEKSI UMUM
1. ASTO kualitatif
- Meneteskan diatas slide 50 ul serum ditambah 50 ul reagen
- Mencampur dengan stick kemudian menggoyang pada rotator selama 2 menit
- Membaca aglutinasi
Penilaian :
1. Kualitatif
a. ASTO (+) : terjadi aglutinasi (kadar ≥200 IU /ml)
b. ASTO (-) : tidak terjadi aglutinasi
2. Semi kuantitatif
Titer : pengenceran tertinggi yang masih menunjukkan aglutinasi
Intrepretasi : pengenceran 2x atau lebih menunjukan adanay infeksi akut
ASTO kualitatif
ASTO kuantitatif
Seorang ATLM melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS pada You can simply impress your audience and
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29
Seorang Atlm sedang melakukan px widal. Terjadi You can simply impress your audience and
Aglutinasi pada antigen O. Kemudian pemeriksaan
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c. 1/80
d. 1/160
e. 1/320
Thank You