GANGGUAN SO

MATOFORM
OLEH : KELOMPOK 2 / 3A18
Aprelia Amarta S
Evi Fitria Hesviana
M. Raditya

Psikologi Abnormal
GANGGUAN SOMATOFORM

Suatu kelompok gangguan yang memiliki

gejala fisik (contohnya nyeri, mual, da
n pusing) yang tidak dapat ditemuka
n penjelasan medisnya. Gangguan
ini mencakup interaksi antara tubuh den
gan pikiran atau body-mind interaction
Gangguan Somatisasi

Gangguan Hipokondriasis

Gangguan Konversi

Gangguan Dismorfik Tubuh

(Body Dysmorphic Disorder)

Gangguan Nyeri (Pain Disorders)

 gangguan dengan karakteristik
berbagai keluhan atau gejala somatik Terapi :
yang tidak dapat dijelaskan secara
× Penangan sebaiknya dengan 1
akurat dengan menggunakan hasil
pemeriksaan fisik maupun laboratorium dokter dengan interval 1 bulan
× Psikoterapi mengatasi
gejala, ekspresikan emosi
yang mendasari,
mengembangkan strategi

Gangguan alternatif untuk

mengungkapkan perasaan.

Somatisasi × Psikofarmakologi dianjurkan

apabila terdapat gangguan lain

Faktor : tetapi harus dengan pengawasan

a. Psikososial ketat

b. Biologis
 Kriteria Diagnosis Gangguan Somatsasi Menurut
DSM-IV

a. Keluhan fisik dimulai sebelum usia 30 tahun, terjadi selama periode lebih dari beberapa tahun dan menyebabkan pencarian
pengobatan atau terhambat dalam fungsi sosial, pekerjaan dan fungsi penting lainnya.
b. Tiap kriteria berikut harus terpenuhi :
a. 4 gejala nyeri
b. 2 gejala gastrointestinal
c. 2 gejala seksual
d. 1 gejala pseudoneurologis
c. Salah satu dari 1) atau 2)
1. Setelah penelitian yang diperlukan, tiap gejala dalam kriteria, B tidak dapat dijelaskan sepenuhnya oleh sebuah kondisi
medis umum yang di kenal atau efek langsung dan suatu zat (misalnya efek cedera, medikasi, obat, atau alkohol)
2. Jika terdapat kondisi medis umum, keluhan fisik atau gangguan social atau pekerjaan yang ditimbulkan adalah melebihi
apa yang diperkirakan dari riwayat penyakit, pemeriksaan fisik, atau temuan laboratorium.
d. Gejala tidak ditimbulkan secara sengaja atau dibuat- buat (sepertiga gangguan buatan atau pura-pura).
Gangguan Hipokondriasis
Hipokondriasis adalah keterpakuan pada ketakutan atau keyakinan bahwa seseorang menderita
penyakit medis yang serius, walaupun sebenarnya yang dikeluhkan tidak terbukti secara medis.

1. Preokupasi ketakutan menderita,

atau individu menderita suatu
penyakit serius didasarkan pada
interpretasi keliru terhadap S 4. Lama gangguan sekurangnya
gejala-gejala tubuh. enam bulan

2. Preokupasi menetap walaupun

telah dilakukan pemeriksaan
medis yang tepat dan
penenteraman.
3. Preokupasi menyebabkan
penderitaan yang bermakna
secara klinis atau gangguan
fungsi sosial, pekerjaan atau
fungsi penting lainnya.
D M
5. Preokupasi tidak dapat
diterangkan oleh gangguan
kecemasan umum, gangguan
panik, gangguan depresif
berat, cemas perpisahan,
I V atau gangguan somatoform
lain.
 Terapi
Pemeriksaan
Psikoterapi individu fisik terjadwal
terapi perilak,
terapi kognitif - Menenangkan pasien
dan hypnosis - Dokter tidak
Psikoterapi kelompok meningalkannya
Farmakoterapi - Keluhan ditangani
Dukungan interaksi dengan serius
(berkomorbiditas
sosial sehingga
menurunkan dengan gangguan lain)
kecemasan
 Gangguan Konversi
ditandai oleh kehilangan atau kendala dalam fungsi fisik, namun tidak ada penyebab yang
jelas.

1 2 3

Faktor psikoanalitik Teori Pembelajaran Faktor Biologis

- Disebabkan oleh represi Gejala yang dipelajari sejak Hipometabolisme pada

konflik-konfik intrapsikik masa anak digunakan sebagai hemisfer dominan dan
yang tidak disadari coping dalam situasi tidak hipermetabolisme pada
- Konversi dari kecemasan ke disukainya hemisfer nondominan 
gejala fisik terganggu komunikasi
 Your Picture Here

Kriteria Diagnosis Terapi :

Menurut DSM-IV :
a. Satu atau lebih gejala yang
1. Psikoterapi suportif
melibatkan fungsi motorik 2. Hipnosis, anticemas,
b. Faktor psikologis dinilai berkaitan dan terapi relaksasi
c. Gejala muncul dengan tidak
sengaja atau tidak berpura-pura
sangat efektif
d. Gejala tidak dapat dijelaskan
secara tepat sebagai kondisi
medik umum atau sebagai akibat
langsung dari zat
e. Gejala menyebabkan penderitaan
atau stress emosional
kondisi dimana seseorang mempunyai perasaan subyektif
bahwa penampilannya buruk atau cacat padahal
penampilannya normal atau bahkan baik. Pada gangguan
dismorfik tubuh, individu diliputi dengan bayangan
mengenai kekurangan dalam penampilan fisik mereka

Gangguan Dismorfik Tubuh

(Body Dysmorphic Disorder)
Kriteria Diagnosis Terapi :
Menurut DSM-IV :
Your Picture Here
1. Obat bekerja pada
a. Preokupasi dengan cacat yang serotonin (klomipramin dan
dikhayalkan, kalaupun ada biasanya fluoksetin)
ringan, tetapi kecemasan
berlebihan 2. Pemberian antidepresan
b. Preokupasi menyebabkan trisiklik
penderitaan klinis yang signifikan 3. Penghambat monoamin
atau kegagalan dalam sosial,
pekerajaan, ataupun hal penting lain oksidase dan pimozide
c. Preokupasi sebaiknya tidak (Orap)
disamakan dengan gangguan mental 4. Pemberian farmakoterapi
lainnya (misalnya ketidakpuasan
bentuk tubuh dan ukuran pada dan psikoterapi yg memadai
anorexia nervousa) pada gangguan mental lain
yang menyertai.
 Your Picture Here

Gangguan Nyeri
(Pain Disorders) Your Picture Here Your Picture Here

gangguan dimana individu

akan mengalami nyeri pada
satu tempat atau lebih, yang Your Picture Here

tidak dapat dijelaskan dengan

medis (non-psikiatri) maupun
neurologis.
 Faktor penyebab

Faktor Biologis

Faktor Perilaku
Faktor Interpersonal

Faktor psikodinamik
 Your Picture Here

1. Nyeri pada satu tempat atau lebih yang menjadi fokus utama
dan cukup berat untuk menjadi perhatian klinis.
2. Nyeri menyebabkan penderitaan klinis bermakna dalam bidang
sosial, pekerjaan, dan fungsi penting lainnya.
Kriteria diagnosis 3. Faktor psikologis berperan penting dalam awitan, keparahan,
eksaserbasi, atau bertahannya nyeri.

menurut DSM-IV : 4. Gejala atau defisit tidak dibuat dengan sengaja atau dibuat-buat
(seperti pada gangguan buatan atau malingering).
5. Nyeri sebaiknya tidak disebabkan gangguan mood, ansietas,
atau gangguan psikotik, dan tidak memenuhi kriteria
diagnostik dispareunia.

Your Picture Here

Your Picture Here

Terapi :
Your Picture Here 1. Farmakoterapi
- SSRI – paling efektif
- Amfetamin – efek analgetik

& bermanfaat (dosis harus

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di pantau)
2. Psikoterapi
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