Pediatric Surgery seventh edition : Arlold G. Coran, N Scott Adzick. Saunders of Elsvier Inc 2012
TERAPI CDH
Pediatric Surgery seventh edition : Arlold G. Coran, N Scott Adzick. Saunders of Elsvier Inc 2012
Seharusnya dengan segera repair,
mengeluarkan seluruh usus dari cavum
thoracal, akan mengurangi tekanan intra
thoracal, sehingga ventilasi menjadi lebih
baik
CDH langsung operasi
Hypoxemia
Respiratoric failure
Ibu hamil dengan CDH, harus dirujuk ke RS
dengan fasilitas :
NO
HFOV
ECMO
Pediatric Surgery seventh edition : Arlold G. Coran, N Scott Adzick. Saunders of Elsvier Inc 2012
Preoperative Stabilization
1. ECMO
2. HFOV
Ashcraft’s Pediatric Surgery, Sixth Ed, : George W. Holcomb III. J. Patrick Murphy. Daniel J. Ostlie.
Elsevier Saunders. 2014
Sekarang : Repair CDH harus ditunda
sampai keadaan cardiopulmonary stabil,
walau demikian kriteria stabil hingga kini
masih belum jelas, tiap-tiap senter masih
belum konsisten
Tidak Perlu
Ashcraft’s Pediatric Surgery, Sixth Ed, : George W. Holcomb III. J. Patrick Murphy. Daniel J. Ostlie.
Elsevier Saunders. 2014
Delivery Room
Airway Management – No bag valve mask or CPAP.
Immediate ETT
GI decompression – Replogle tube following airway
Ventilatory Pressures - 20-25/5-6
FiO2 (initial) – 100%
Transport Vent - 20-25/5-6 x 40 It=0.35, FiO2=1
SaO2 target - preductal increase no faster than NRP
guidelines, wean FiO2 when preductal SaO2 up to
>85%
iNO – if baby requires FiO2 of 100% and pre-ductal
sats < 90%
NICU Stablilization
SaO2 (preductal) - >70% x 1 hour, >85% by 2 hours, goal
90-95%
Studies - Routine ECHO, HUS, cultures, PT/PTT, CBC, CRP,
state screen, cortisol, karyotype & microarray
Access – attempt single lumen UAC before peripheral a-line
Single attempt UVC, if unsuccessful convert to emergent
position, discuss PICC vs. Cook vs. other with team based on
stability
Sedation - fentanyl 1mcg/kg/hr – additional dose for cardiac
echo – add Versed as needed
Analgesia - fentanyl 1mcg/kg/hr
Paralysis - avoid
High Frequency Ventilation
Criteria to Convert from CV to HFV
PaCO2 > 65 with acidosis on PIP 25 and rate 60
Starting frequency 10 Hz
Weaning
Wean MAP slowly (decrease by 0.5 q4h) if
FiO2<0.60
Wean frequency first to 10, then delta P to
PaCO2 50-65
FiO2 to keep SaO2 90-95%
CDH Patient Management
Systemic Hypotension - Criteria for treatment - Abnormal MAP for age
NS bolus, pRBC’s if Hct<40, FFP for abnormal initial coagulation studies –
combined up to 40ml/kg in first 2 hours
Dopamine and Dobutamine - begin at 5/5 and increase as needed
Pulmonary Hypertension - Criteria for treatment – Pre ductal SaO2<70% or
post-ductal PaO2<40 AND echocardiographic evidence of PH
iNO
• iNO at 20ppm, wean when FiO2<0.6 and adequate oxygenation
Prostacyclin
• Reserved for rescue post-ECMO or where ECMO contraindicated
• Consider inhaled for sustained hypoxemia on iNO if adequate
ventilation and adequate contralateral lung recruitment can be
achieved on conventional ventilator. Note: potential for
platelet/bleeding effect
Catecholamines
• to correct systemic hypotension into normal range after volume
expansion and oxygen carrying capacity optimized
Milrinone
• RV dysfunction/dilation and additional afterload reduction after iNO
Prostaglandin
• Prostaglandin for RV overload with restrictive PDA
Criteria for ECMO
• SaO2<85% on HFOV and iNO
• HFOV MAP>17
• OI>40 consistent (3 post-ductal BG over 2 hours)
• Inadequate oxygen delivery, pH<7.20, lactate>5 despite
adequate volume expansion and pulmonary recruitment
• Respiratory acidosis despite optimized HFOV pH<7.20,
PaCO2>70
• Hypotension resistant to fluid and inotropic support with
UOP<0.5ml/kg/hr
• Impending ventricular failure on ECHO with evidence
of inadequate oxygen delivery
• Preductal sat <70 for 1 hour
• Attending to Attending Notification (both
neonatology and ped surgery)
ECMO Contraindications
IVH Grade 2 or greater
Lethal chromosomal
anomalies/syndromes
Complex congenital heart disease
(single ventricle physiology)
EGA < 34 wks