PENGLIHATAN

KELOMPOK 8
•Diah Ayu Syafira S. (15000119140211)

•Farika Agni H. (15000119120065)

•Nabila (1500019130213)
1 ORGAN-ORGAN PENGLIHATAN

2 SISTEM KERJA PENGLIHATAN

3 SISTEM PSIKOLOGIS PENGLIHATAN

4 VIDEO PERAGA
SISTEM VISUAL
ORGAN-ORGAN PENGLIHATAN

Organ Luar Organ Dalam Sistem Kerja Mata

 ALIS
Menahan keringat agar tidak masuk
ke bola mata

KELOPAK MATA
Menutup dan melindungi mata

BULU MATA
Menyaring cahaya yang akan diterima
oleh mata

ORGAN LUAR
ORGAN DALAM
KORNEA
Menerima cahaya dan meneruskannya ke
bagian mata yang lebih dalam hingga
retina.

IRIS
Mengatur banyaknya cahaya yang
masuk ke retina lewat lubnag di iris
yaitu pupil

PUPIL
Mengatur banyaknya cahaya yang masuk.
Memilki kemampuan untuk mendeksi
benda benda yan mengalami iluminasi
gelap
ORGAN DALAM
LENSA MATA
Meneruskan cahaya agar jatuh tepat di
retina
BADAN BENING
Meneruskan cahaya yang telah
melewati lensa

RETINA
Menangkap dan meneruskan cahaya
dari lensa ke saraf mata
SARAF MATA
Meneruskan rangsangan cahaya ke
otak yang akan memproses informasi
dari mata..
SISTEM KERJA VISUAL
•Cahaya ditangkap oleh pupil dan lensa,
lalu diteruskan ke retina.
•Retina terdiri atas sel-sel neuron yang
berbeda, yaitu : receptors, horizontal
cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, dan
retinal ganglion cells
•Sel-sel amakrin dan sel-sel horizontal
terspesialisasi untuk komunikasi lateral
(komunikasi di seluruh saluran utama
input sensorik)
SISTEM KERJA VISUAL
Retina dalam arti tertentu
bersifat terbalik

Susunan terbalik menciptakan

dua masalah visual.
•Pertama, cahaya yang datang
terdistorisasi oleh jaringan
retinal
•Kedua, agar bundel-bundel
akson meninggalkan mata
maka harus ada celah yang
disebut blind spot

Fovea, sebuah indensasi

yang berguna untuk
penglihatan aktualitas-tinggi
•Rods cells adalah sel foto reseptor di
dalam retina yang berfungsi pada
kondisi cahaya yang redup.
•Sel batang berlawanan dengan sel
kerucut
•Cone cells adalah sering disebut
reseptor adalah sel penerima sinar di
dalam retina mata yang bertanggung
jawab terhadap penglihatan warna.
•Sel kerucut akan bekerja dengan baik
apabila kondisi cukup terang.
GERAKAN MATA
Apa yang kita lihat
bukan hanya ditentukan
oleh apa yang 02
diproyeksikan di retina Tremor
seketika itu juga , tanpa
disadari, mata terus 01
menerus memindai
medan visual,. 03

Saccade .
Drifts
04
Saluran M dan P
Nukleus Genikulat Lateral

Pravocellular layers
?
neuron-neuronnya responsif terhadap Magnocellular layers 
warna, detail-detail pola halus, dan neuron-neuronnya responsif terhadap
objek-objek stasioner atau bergerak gerakan
lambat..
MELIHAT BATAS
VISUAL EDGE
Visual edge hanya merupakan
tempat dua daerah yang berbeda
dari sebuah gambar visual bertemu
→ persepsi tentang
sebuah edge sebenarnya persepsi
tentang kontras di antara dua bidang
yang berdekatan dalam medan
visual.
CONTRAST ENHANEMENT
Contrast enhancement (peningkatan
kontras) → setiap batas yang kita lihat
dipertajam oleh mekanisme-
mekanisme peningkatan kontras
dalam sistem saraf kita → akibatnya,
persepsi kita tentang batas-batas lebih
baik dibanding kenyataannya →
cek Mach Bands.
MELIHAT WARNA
Persepsi tentang warna objek banyak
bergantung pada panjang gelombang
cahaya yang dipantulkannya ke dalam mata .
Campuran panjang gelombang yang
dipantulkan objek akan mempengaruhi
persepsi kita tentang warna tersebut.

Teori Proses-Oponen → ada dua golongan sel yang berbeda

dalam sistem visual untuk mengkode warna dan sebuah
golongan kelas lain untuk mengkode brightness.

Teori komponen → trichomatic theory → ada tiga

macam reseptor (kerucut) warna yang berbeda,
masing-masing dengan sensitivitas spektral yang
berbeda
dan warna sebuah stimulus tertentu diduga dikode oleh rasio antara
aktivitas ketiga macam reseptor ini → dasar observasi: warna apapun
dalam spektrum yang dapat dilihat dapat di-matched dengan
mencampurkan ketiga panjang gelombang cahaya dengan proporsi
yang berbeda-beda.
THANK YOU
Pertanyaan;
1. Lubang yang beada di iris yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mendeteksi
benda-benda yang mengalami iluminasi gelap adalah......
a. Kornea
b. Lensa
c. Ligamen
d. Fovea
e. Pupil
1. Dibawah ini yang termasuk bagian dari retina, kecuali.....
2. Sel reseptor yang berbentuk kerucut yang bertanggungjawa
b untuk mendeteksi warna adalah.....
a. Cone
b. Rod
c. Sel bipolar
d. Sel ganglion retinal
e. fovea
3. Dibawah ini yang termasuk bagian dari retina, ialah.....
a. Sel horizontal
b. Sel ganglion
c. Fotoreseptor
d. Otot siliari
e. Sel bipolar
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