Minggu
ABORTUS
ABORTUS
Setiap perempuan hamil dapat mengalami
kehamilan terhenti, baik disengaja maupun tidak.
Berakhirnya kehamilan sebelum janin mampu
hidup, yaitu ketika usia kehamilan belum
mencapai 20 minggu atau berat janin < 500 g,
baik secara spontan maupun diinduksi
Klasifikasi keguguran
Keguguran spontan
Keguguran spontan adalah keguguran yang terjadi tanpa disengaja, tanpa
tindakan mekanis atau medis untuk mengosongkan uterus. Beberapa faktor risiko
keguguran spontan di antaranya: anomali janin atau kelainan kromosom yang
berat, penyakit infeksi, gangguan nutrisi yang berat, penyakit menahun dan kronis,
konsumsi alkohol dan merokok, anomali uterus dan serviks, gangguan imunologis,
serta trauma fisik dan psikologis..
Keguguran diinduksi
Keguguran diinduksi adalah penghentian kehamilan yang sengaja dilakukan
sebelum janin mampu hidup, baik dengan memakai obat-obatan atau memakai
alat. Di Indonesia, keguguran diinduksi dilarang secara hukum kecuali untuk dua
kondisi, yaitu (1) indikasi kedaruratan medis dan (2) kehamilan akibat perkosaan,
dengan syarat-syarat yang telah diatur dalam UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 dan PP
Nomor 61 Tahun 2014. .
01
Keguguran iminens
Keguguran iminens merupakan perdarahan dari uterus pada
kehamilan sebelum 20 minggu, Diagnosis keguguran iminens
ditentukan karena pada wanita hamil terjadi perdarahan melalui
ostium uteri eksternum, disertai sedikit nyeri abdomen atau tidak
sama sekali, uterus membesar sesuai usia kehamilan, serviks belum
membuka, dan tes kehamilan positif.
02
Keguguran insipiens
Perdarahan uterus pada kehamilan sebelum 20 minggu dengan
adanya dilatasi serviks uteri yang semakin bertambah, tetapi hasil
konsepsi masih dalam uterus. Dalam hal ini rasa perut mulas menjadi
lebih sering dan kuat serta perdarahan semakin banyak.
03
Keguguran inkomplit
Pengeluaran sebagian hasil konsepsi pada kehamilan sebelum 20
minggu dengan masih ada sisa tertinggal dalam uterus.
Keguguran komplet
Klasifikasi keguguran
secara medis
04 Perdarahan pada kehamilan muda di mana seluruh hasil konsepsi
telah keluar dari kavum uteri. Seluruh hasil kehamilan telah dilahirkan
dengan lengkap. Pada penderita ditemukan perdarahan sedikit,
ostium uteri telah menutup, dan uterus sudah banyak mengecil.
Missed abortion
05
Missed abortion adalah kematian janin sebelum berusia 20 minggu,
tetapi janin yang mati tertahan di dalam kavum uteri tidak dikeluarkan
selama 8 minggu atau lebih. Missed abortion umumnya didahului oleh
tanda-tanda keguguran iminens yang kemudian menghilang secara
spontan atau setelah pengobatan. Gejala subjektif kehamilan
menghilang, uterus tidak membesar lagi dan cenderung mengecil,
serta tes kehamilan menjadi negatif. .
06
Keguguran habitualis
Keadaan dimana penderita mengalami keguguran berturut-turut tiga
kali atau lebih. Pada umumnya penderita tidak sulit menjadi hamil,
tetapi kehamilannya berakhir sebelum 28 minggu.
07
Keguguran septik adalah keguguran yang disertai infeksi baik pada
uterus dan organ sekitarnya, diikuti penyebaran kuman atau toksin ke
dalam peredaran darah atau peritoneum.
13/09/2021 Nyeri dibagian perut TD: 104/72 mmHg • Tidak ada interaksi obat • Monitoring dan
Pukul: 11.00 bawah RR: 20x/menit edukasi terapi
HR: 88 • Monitoring
SPO2: 98% pendarahan dari jalan
Skala nyeri: 2 lahir
15/09/2021 Perut mulas, cemas TD: 97/66 mmHg • Tidak ada interaksi obat • Monitoring dan edukasi
Pukul: 07.00 Suhu: 37 C terapi
RR: 20x/menit • Monitoring pendarahan
HR: 89 dari jalan lahir
SPO2: 98%
Skala nyeri: 3
15/09/2021 lemas TD: 97/66 mmHg • Tidak ada interaksi obat • Monitoring dan edukasi
Pukul: 21.00 Suhu: 37 C terapi
RR: 20x/menit • Monitoring pendarahan
HR: 87 dari jalan lahir
SPO2: 98%
Skala nyeri: 3
Asam folac Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Mual, perubahan
Pasien mengalami Asam folac dapat Merangsang produksi 1x seahri 1 mg (1 Obat diberikan peroal mood, kembung,
lemas digunakan untuk trombosit pada tablet) nafsa makan
anemia anemia defisiensi bekurang
folat
Microgestin Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sakit kepala,
Karena microgestin Menghambat sekresi 1 mg/5mcg Diberikan secara oral anorexia, mual
dapat mengatasi gonadotropin dari
pendarahan dan hipofisis, mencegah
penguat kandungan pematangan folikel
serta dan ovulasi
Mefinal Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Konstipasi, sakit
Pasien mengalami Asam mefenamat Asam mefenamat 3xsehari 1 tablet Diberikan secara perut, anorexia,
nyeri dapat mengatasi dapat menghambat 500 mg peroral diare, gastritis
nyeri sintesis prostaglandin
COX-1 dan COX-2
Nama obat Tepat pasien Tepat obat Tepat Tepat dosis Tepat rute Efek
indikasi pemberian samping
Bleedstop Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Mual, muntah,
Pasien methyergotamine 125 mg Secara peroral halusinasi, diare,
mengalami dapat hidung tersumbat
pendarahan menghentikan
pascapersalinan pendarahan
postpartum
Bactecyn Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Mual, muntah,
Pasien Bactecyn dapat Menganggu Dosis yang Secara peroral peradangan
melakukan digunakan sintesis dinding diberikan 375 mg pembuluh darah,
Tindakan sebagai antibiotic sel bakteri selama nyeri
pembedhan empiris pasca replikasi aktiof,
berupa curratge pembedahan menyebabkan
aktivitas
bakterisid
terhadap
organisme yang
rentan
Oxytoxin Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Sudah tepat Kontraksi Rahim
Pasien Oxytoxin dapat Dapat 10 unit/ml Secara IV yang berlebihan,
mengalami merangsang merangsang mual
abortus percepatan dalam prostaglandin muntah,perdarah
persalinan lokal sehingga an pada Rahim,
merangsang takikardia
kontraksi uterus
Konseling, Informasi dan Edukasi
1. Farmakologi
2. Non farmakologi
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