0
1 Phase Pre-operative Tujuannya untuk
mencapai hasil optimal
0
2 Phase Intra-operative dari operasi
Mengurangi morbiditas
0
3 Phase Post-operative operasi : infeksi luka
operasi, penyembuhan
0
4 Kerja tim dari ahli luka, pneumonia, sepsis
bedah, anestesi,
dll.
dietisien, perawat, dll
STATUS GIZI KONDISI PASKA
PREOPERATIF OPERATIF
Risiko Memperburuk
kematian daya tahan
meningkat tubuh
Status gizi
Baik Kurang
01
Penilaian
02 Asupan Makan
Penilaian
03 Komposisi Tubuh
Penilaian
04 Fungsi Fisiologik
Penilaian
Stress Metabolik
Penilaian Status Gizi
Kehilangan BB yg
tdk disengaja 10–
IMT <18,5 15% dlm 6 bulan
kg/m2
Serum
albumin <3
g/L
01 02 03
Pada pasien Tidak dapat Pasien yang tidak
tanpa makan selama dapat memenuhi
kebutuhan asu-
keadaan > 7 hari peri- pan secara oral >
kurang gizi operatif 60% selama lebih
dari 10 hari
DUKUNGAN NUTRISI PREBEDAH
• Pemberian dukungan nutrisi prebedah mayor pada pasien
berisiko gizi tingkat berat selama 10-14 hari (kriteria A)
Smedley, dkk (2004)
• 1.Braga M, et al. Perioperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing cancer surgery: Arch Surg 1999; 134(4):428-433.
• 2.Senkal M, A et al. 1999. Outcome and cost-effectiveness of perioperative enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing
elective upper gastrointestinal tract surgery
• 3.Tepaske R, et al. Effect of preoperative oral immune-enhancing nutritional supplement on patients at high risk of infection
after cardiac surgery: Lancet 2001;
• 4.Braga M, et al. 2002. Preoperative oral arginine and n-3 fatty acid supplementation improves the immunometabolic host
response and outcome after colorectal resection for cancer. Surgery 2002
PUASA PRA BEDAH
• Hasil studi brady, dkk (2003) tidak ada bukti pasien diberikan
cairan 2 sampai 3 jam prebedah mempunyai risiko aspirasi/regurgitasi
dibandingkan dengan puasa 12 jam prebedah atau lebih lama lagi
pada beberapa kasus.
Slide 15
Con’t
• Oral intake, including clear liquids, shall be initiated within hours
after surgery in most patients
• It is recommended to assess the nutritional status before and after
major surgery
• Perioperative nutritional therapy should also be initiated, if it is
anticipated that the patient will be unable to eat for more than five
days perioperatively.
• It is also indicated in patients expected to have low oral intake and
who cannot maintain above 50% of recommended intake for more
than seven days.
• In these situations, it is recommended to initiate nutritional therapy
(preferably by the enteral route e ONS-TF) without delay
• Patients with severe nutritional risk shall receive nutritional therapy prior to
major surgery even if operations including those for cancer have to be
delayed. A period of 7-14 days may be appropriate
• When patients do not meet their energy needs from normal food it is
recommended to encourage these patients to take oral nutritional
supplements during the preoperative period unrelated to their nutritional
status
Diet Pra-Bedah Mempertimbangkan:
01 02
03 04
TO
CITO
CI
ELEKTIF / BERENCANA CI
TO
CITO
CITO
CI
dan macam pembedahan
TO
Elekti
Elektif
Elek
tif
Ele kti
f
KEADAAN DARURAT
tif
Elek
Elek
tif
Elektif
E
pra bedah
Macam pembedahan
1. Operasi mayor
Melibatkan organ tubuh secara luas &
mempunyai tingkat resiko yang tinggi terhadap
kelangsungan hidup (bedah saluran cerna, bedah
jantung, ginjal, paru, dll)
2. Operasi Minor
Operasi pada sebagian kecil dari tubuh yang
mempunyai resiko komplikasi lebih kecil (insisi,
sirkumsisi, ekstirpasi, dll)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by
Slide 20
Mosby, Inc.
Digestion & Absorption
Stomach Mechanicall digestion
• Refluks gastroesofagus,
obstruksi esofagus dan disfungsi
motorik
• Pengurangan tekanan sfingter
esofagus bagian bawah (LES =
Lower Esophageal Sphincter)
refluks gastroesofagus (GERD=
gastroesophageal reflux
disease)
• Faktor lain gangguan
pengosongan S. cerna &
peristalsis esofagus refluks isi
lambung ke esofagus
esofagitis dan nyeri ulu hati
GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
- Kiyomoto, D. (2007)
- Escott-Stump, S. (2007)
- Long, S., Nelms, M., & Suchner, K. (2007)
Role of Dietitian
Sebelum tindakan
Assessment status gizi, menentukan tujuan diet
During treatment
Nutrition assessment, intensive intervention, ongoing
monitoring and evaluation weekly visits throughout
treatment
After treatment
Nutrition assessment and intervention for one year after
completion of treatment
C-reactive proteins
Transferrin
Protein
Tinggi protein: 1.2-2.5 g/kg body weight
Gallbladder Surgery
Cholecystectomy is the removal of the gallbladder.
Surgery is minimally invasive.
Some moderation in dietary fat is usually indicated after surgery.
Depending on individual tolerance and response, a relatively low-fat diet may
be needed over a period of time.