Pustaka
Oleh:
Dr. Listya Paramita
Pembimbing:
Dr. Hj. Abla Ghanie, Sp.T.H.T.K.L (K), FICS
dr. Fiona Widyasari, Sp.T.H.T.K.L
KELOMPOK STAF MEDIK ILMU KESEHATAN TELINGA HIDUNG TENGGOROK BEDAH KEPALA LEHER
RSUP DR MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG
2021
PENDAHULUAN
Etiologi pasti sampai saat ini masih belum
diketahui, idiopatik (85-90%), unilateral (96-99%)
Tuli mendadak / sudden 1 infeksi, kelainan vaskular, autoimun, trauma,
deafness /sudden kerusakan membran intrakoklea
sensorineural hearing loss
(SSNHL)
Penegakan diagnosis berdasarkan anamnesis,
Penurunan pendengaran 2 pemeriksaan fisik THT, pemeriksaan fungsi
sensorineural 30 dB / lebih, → pendengaran, dan pemeriksaan penunjang
paling sedikit tiga frekuensi
berturut-turut, dalam waktu
kurang dari 72 jam 3 Penatalaksanaan berdasarkan etiologi.
Panduan AAO-HNSF Kortikosteroid
5. Gacek RR, Gacek MR. Anatomy of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems. Dalam : Snow JB, Ballenger JJ. Ballenger’s Manual of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 16th Edition. London: BC Dekker Inc 2003.hlm.1-23.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JE8WduJKV4
FISIOLOGI PENDENGARAN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgFZHQxhn7A
ETIOPATOGENESIS
CMV, mumps, virus
herpes, toksoplasmosis,
Idiopatik (85-90%) rubela, HIV
Infeksi
Trauma akustik,
(12,8%) Trauma Fraktur tulang
(4,2%) temporal, Barotrauma
Lupus eritromatosus,
poliartritis nodosa, sindrom
ETIOLOGI
Autoimun Diabetes, hipertensi,
Cogan, granulomatosis (2,2%) Vaskular
obesitas, hiperlipidemia
Wegener, polikondritis, (2,8%)
sindrom Bechet, penyakit
Kawasaki, arteritis temporal
(penyakit Horton)
Neoplastik
(2,2%) Vestibular schwannoma
1. Rauch SD, Dobie R, Doyle KJ. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18 th Ed. 2016. hlm.317-321.
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
Gangguan Vaskular
Gangguan
Gangguan Degenerasi
vaskular Pembentukan
pembuluh luas pada sel
(diabetes, jaringan ikat
darah pada a. Iskemia ganglion stria
hipertensi, dan osifikasi
auditiva interna vaskularis dan
obesitas, koklea
(end artery) ligamen spiralis
hiperlipidemia
1. Rauch SD, Dobie R, Doyle KJ. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18 th Ed. 2016. hlm.317-321.
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
Infeksi Virus
Menyempitnya lumen
Ke telinga dalam pembuluh darah
dari ruang Langsung dari
subaraknoid telinga tengah
melalui akuaduktus ke telinga dalam
koklearis << suplai darah ke
koklea
Kerusakan pada koklea (hilangnya
sel rambut dan sel penunjang,
atrofi membran tektoria, atrofi stria Iskemia
vaskularis dan selubung mielin
saraf akustik)
1. Rauch SD, Dobie R, Doyle KJ. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18th Ed. 2016. hlm.317-321.
10. Oliver ER, Hashisaki GT. Sudden Sensory Hearing Loss. In Bailey’s Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology 5th ed. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & WilkinsMosby Elseviere. 2014: 2589-2595.
Trauma
Bercampurnya
Ruptur cairan perilimfe Perubahan
Trauma Fistula
membran dan endolimfe potensi
(Barotrauma) perilimfatik
intrakoklea ke telinga endokoklea
tengah
Merusak sel
rambut luar,
organ korti,
membran
reissner
1. Rauch SD, Dobie R, Doyle KJ. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18th Ed. 2016. hlm.317-321.
10. Oliver ER, Hashisaki GT. Sudden Sensory Hearing Loss. In Bailey’s Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology 5th ed. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & WilkinsMosby Elseviere. 2014: 2589-2595.
DIAGNOSIS
Pemeriksaan fisik
1 2 3
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
18.Piu F, Bishop KM. Local Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Neurotology Disorders. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 2019; 13(238): 1-11.
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Pemeriksaan telinga
Menyingkirkan kemungkinan Didapatkan
gangguan konduktif pemeriksaan
Pemeriksaan hidung dan DBN
tenggorok
Pemeriksaan fungsi
pendengaran
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
4.Marx M, Younes E, Chandrasekhar SS, Ito J, Plontke S, O’Leary S, Sterkers O. International Consensus (ICON) on Treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Disease. 2018; (135):
23-28.
Pemeriksaan Fungsi Pendengaran
Rinne (+), weber lateralisasi
Tes Penala ke telinga yang sehat,
schwabach memendek
Timpanometri Tipe A
1. Rauch SD, Dobie R, Doyle KJ. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18 th Ed. 2016. hlm.317-321.
10.Oliver ER, Hashisaki GT. Sudden Sensory Hearing Loss. In Bailey’s Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology 5th ed. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & WilkinsMosby Elseviere. 2014: 2589-2595.
Derajat Gangguan Pendengaran berdasarkan
International Standard Organization (ISO)
D I
er S
aj O
at
G
P <
e 2
Ringan 26-40 dB
n 5
d d
e B
n
g
ar
a
n
n
or
m
Sedang 41-55 dB
al
R 2
in 6-
g 4
a 0
n d
B
S 4
Berat 71-90 dB
g B
B
er
at
B 7
er 1-
at 9
0
d
19. Swamy KM, Ganiger A. Effect of Intratympanic Dexamethasone Injection in Sudden Idiopathic Sensorineural Hearing Loss. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2016; 2(4): 258-262.
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
• Melihat etiologi
CT scan kepala • Jika terdapat gejala kelainan neurologis,
riwayat trauma
O2 hiperbarik Vasodilator
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
10.Oliver ER, Hashisaki GT. Sudden Sensory Hearing Loss. In Bailey’s Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology 5th ed. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & WilkinsMosby Elseviere. 2014: 2589-2595.
13.Eftekharian A, Amizadeh M. Pulse Steroid Therapy in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126 (1): 150-5.
Alur Panduan Praktek Klinis Tuli Mendadak Menurut AAO-HNSF 2019
CHL
Gangguan pendengaran konduktif disingkirkan Keluar dari panduan
Ya
Penilaian faktor: bilateral, rekuren, penilaian
Keluar dari panduan
neurologis
Tidak
CHL
Edukasi pasien
Keluar dari panduan
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
Alur Panduan Praktek Klinis Tuli Mendadak Menurut AAO-HNSF 2019
Penggunaan oksigen
Keluar dari panduan Injeksi Kortikostreoid Intratimpani sebagai
hiperbarik sebagai
salvage theraphy
salvage theraphy
Penilaian perbaikan
Ya Tidak
Konsul rehabilitasi
Keluar dari panduan Perbaikan total pendengaran
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
Kortikosteroid
Sistemik Injeksi Intratimpani
Oral Intravena
7-14 hari → tapp off 7-14 hari → tapp off • Efek samping steroid sistemik
• Tidak adekuatnya kadar
Prednison : 1 mg/kgBB (max Metilprednisolone: steroid yang mencapai telinga
60/hari) 500 mg/hari dalam dengan pemberian
Metilprednisolone: 48 mg/hari steroid sistemik
Deksametason: 10 mg/hari
Pasien DM →
selama 2 minggu pengawasan kadar
Terapi awal gula darah
dari onset
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
INJEKSI KORTIKOSTEROID INTRATIMPANI
Mekanisme Penghantaran Obat pada Telinga Dalam
30. Nyberg S, Abbott NJ, Shi X, Steyger PS, Dabdoub A. Delivery of Therapeutics to the Inner Ear: The Challenge of the Blood-labyrinth Barrier. Science Translational Medicine. 2019; (11): 1-11.
31 Meyer T. Intratympanic Treatment for Tinnitus: A review. 2013; (15): 83-90.
INJEKSI INTRATIMPANI
Injeksi Intratimpani
10. Oliver ER, Hashisaki GT. Sudden Sensory Hearing Loss. In Bailey’s Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology 5th ed. Philadelpia: Lippincott Williams & WilkinsMosby Elseviere. 2014: 2589-2595.
13. Eftekharian A, Amizadeh M. Pulse Steroid Therapy in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126 (1): 150-5.
14. Kim YJ, Jang SU, Lee HH, Kwon JH. Comparison of the Effect of Intratympanic Steroid Injection Medications in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg. 2017;
(60): 441-8.
Kortikosteroid
Reseptor
Efek Seluler Aksi Biokimia Glukokortikoid glukokortikoid
pada koklea
• Menghambat migrasi • Menghambat
leukosit aktivitas fosfolipase Modifikasi
• Menstabilkan A2 → << sintesis transkripsi dan
membran lisosom → prostaglandin dan sintesis protein
mengurangi leukotrien
konsentrasi enzim • Menghambat enzim
proteolitik pada tempat COX II infiltrasi <<
peradangan • << edema
Menghambat leukosit Mediator
jaringan
• Menurunkan interleukin terhambat inflamasi
permeabilitas kapiler
Dexametason vs
Metilprednisolon
metaanalisis
dexametason memberikan
hasil perbaikan yang lebih
baik secara signifikan
32. Chrousos GP. Adrenocorticosteroids and Adrenocortical Antagonists. Dalam: Bertram G. Katzung, editor. Basic Clinical and Pharmacology. 14 th edition. 2018. hlm.703-719.
Metode Pemberian Obat Intratimpani
Injeksi Intratimpani
Insersi polyvinil
ascetat sponge
langsung ke
round window Timpanostomy tube
Silverstain Microwick
28. Staecker H, Rodgers B. Gene Therapy and Inner-Ear Drug Delivery. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18th Ed. 2016. hlm.81-88.
36.Putra RM, Munilson J, Edward Y, Warto N, Rosalinda R. Injeksi Kortikosteroid Intratimpani Sebagai Salvage Therapy pada Pasien Tuli Mendadak. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2018; 7: 96-103.
https://youtu.be/ozbCQG_ULpo
Prosedur Injeksi Intratimpani
1. Posisi terlentang, kepala ditolehkan ke telinga
sehat 45-53o dari sumbu kepala, kepala
ditinggikan 30-45O
2. Anastesi lokal, 10% lidokain spray pada
cotton ball, 20 menit
3. Penyuntikan steroid dengan spuit 1 cc, jarum
spinal uk 23 atau 25 dibawah mikroskop pada
daerah posteroinferior membran timpani
4. Pasien dipertahankan selama 30 menit
43.Ungar OJ, Handzel O, Haviv L, Dadia S, Cavel O, Fliss M, Oron Y. Optimal Head Position Following Intratympanic Injections of Steroids, As Determined by Virtual Reality. American Academy of
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019. 1-6.
Intratympanic Injection. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPMUXQFNrSs
Komplikasi Injeksi
Intratimpani
Nyeri Vertigo, dizziness Tinitus
Patar, dkk:
22 pasien:
• 72,72% →nyeri (hilang Hui, dkk:
dalam menit-jam) Terdapat 3 kasus (203
• 27,27% → dizziness kasus) komplikasi:
• 18,18% → tinitus (hilang perforasi membran timpani
dalam beberapa jam → sembuh spontan,
Otitis media Perforasi pemasangan paper patch,
membran timpani miringoplasti (kateter pada
round window)
11. Patar M, Sangma R. Intratimpanic Metylprednisolone In as First Line Therapy for Idiopatic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Bengal Journal of Otoryngology and Head Neck SUrgery. 2017; 25 (2): 69-74
38. Sugihara EM, Evans MA, Neumann M, Babu SC. The Effect of Intratympanic Steroid Injection Frequency in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Am J Otolaryngol. 2018; (39): 688-92.
40.Hui J, Ho RC, Cheong CS, Ng A, Yuen HW, Ngo RY. Intratympanic Steroids as a Salvage Treatment for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss? A meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngology. 2014; 272 (10): 2777-82.
Prognosis
• Usia
• Waktu mulainya pengobatan
• Derajat gangguan pendengaran
Faktor • Faktor komorbid (hipertensi,
diabetes)
• Ada tidaknya gejala vestibular dan
tinnitus.
Kriteria Siegel
20.Sung HK, Kang JC, Shin KH, An YS. Comparison of the Effects of Intratympanic Steroid Injection at Different Intervals in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. J Audiol Otol. 2020; 24(1): 24-28.
26. Xie Y, Orabi NA, Zwolan TA, Basura GJ. Outcomes of Unilateral Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Two decades of experience. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology. 2019; 4: 693–702.
FU jangka panjang Tatalaksana berkelanjutan
ABD
Rehabilitasi
pendengaran
1. Rauch SD, Dobie R, Doyle KJ. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Dalam: Ballenger’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 18th Ed. 2016. hlm.317-321.
2. Chandrasekhar SS, et all. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. 2019; (161): 1-45.
TERIMA KASIH