asam basa
Nurnaningsih
Divisi ERIA Departemen Anak FK-UGM / RSUP DR Sardjito
Yogyakarta
Klasifikasi Gangguan Asam Basa (H-H)
KELAIANAN pH PRIMER RESPONS
KOMPENSASI
ASIDOSIS HCO3- pCO2
METABOLIK
+
Anion
Interpretasi Gap
AGD +
Albumin
Stewart
Example
< 7.4 pH [HCO3-] > 7.4PCO2
1 7.30 14 30
2
Acidemia 7.57 42 Alkalemia
47
3 7.57 18 18
4 7.60 32 34
ASIDOSIS Alkalosis
Metabolik Mixed
Mixed Respiratorik Metabolik Mixed
Mixed Respiratorik
INTERPRETASI HASIL AGD
Cara Grogono I :
- tanpa kompensasi→murni
dengan kompensasi
Contoh :
KLASIFIKASI GANGGUAN
KESEIMBANGAN ASAM BASA
BERDASARKAN PRINSIP STEWART
Alb PO4-
AIR Anion kuat
Cl- UA-
RESPIRATORIK
pCO2 berbanding terbalik terhadap pH
pCO2 pH
HOMEOSTASIS
40-45 mmHg 7.35-7.45
pCO
2 pH
pH
2
pCO
Acidosis Alkalosis
17
RESPIRATORIK METABOLIK
Alb PO4-
AIR Anion kuat
Cl- UA-
KEKURANGAN AIR
Diuretika
Diabetes Insipidus
Evaporasi
Plasma Plasma
SID : 38 76 = alkalosis
ALKALOSIS KONTRAKSI
19
KELEBIHAN AIR
Plasma
SID : 38 19 = Asidosis
ASIDOSIS DILUSI
20
RESPIRATORIK METABOLIK
Alb PO4-
AIR Anion kuat
Cl- UA-
GANGGUAN PD SID:
Pengurangan Cl-
Plasma
SID ALKALOSIS
ALKALOSIS HIPOKLOREMIK
22
GANGGUAN PD SID:
Penambahan/akumulasi Cl-
Plasma
SID ASIDOSIS
ASIDOSIS HIPERKLOREMIK
23
SID : 38
24
Plasma
SID : 19 Asidosis
25
Laktat cepat
dimetabolisme
Cation+ = 137 mEq/L
Na = 140 mEq/L
+
Cl- = 109 mEq/L
Cl- = 102 mEq/L Laktat- = 28 mEq/L
SID= 38 mEq/L 1 liter 1 liter
SID = 0 mEq/L
SID : 38
26
Plasma
Plasma;
asidosis Plasma + NaHCO3
hiperkloremik
25 mEq
NaHCO3 HCO3 cepat
Na+ = 140 mEq/L Na = 165 mEq/L dimetabolisme
+
UA = Unmeasured Anion:
Laktat, acetoacetate, salisilat, metanol dll.
K K HCO3-
SID
HCO 3
-
SID A-
Keto-
A-
Na+ Na+
Cl- Cl-
Lactic/Keto asidosis
Normal Ketosis
29
RESPIRATORIK METABOLIK
Alb PO4-
AIR Anion kuat
Cl- UA-
K K K
HCO3
HCO3 SID HCO3
Alb-/P-
Alb-/P- Alb/P
Na Na Asidosis Na Alkalosis
hiperprotein/ hipoalbumin
Cl hiperposfatemi
Cl Cl /hipoposfate
mi
AG AG = 10-15
Na HCO-3 25
145 K Cl
105
Metabolic acidosis
HCO3-
Normal anion gap acidosis Increased anion gap acidosis
AG = 15 (normal) AG/
HCO-3 15 Other = 25
anion
Na Na
HCO-3 15
145 145
K Cl K
115 105
Cl (normal)
HCO3- decreases and replaced by Cl- so HCO3- decreases and replaced by anions
there is a Cl- shift :Eg. Diarrhea other than Cl- so no Cl- shift: Eg.renal
failure and diabetic keto-acidosis
2. STRONG ION GAP 33
Kellum JA, Kramer DJ, Pinsky MR: Strong ion gap: A methodology for exploring
unexplained anions. J Crit Care 1995,10:51--55.
SIG
Mg++
Ca++
K+ 4
SIDa HCO3-
SIDe
A-
Lactate
Na-pH
+
Cl -
= 12.2×pCO2/(10 )+10×[alb]×(0.123×pH–0.631) +[PO4–]×(0.309×pH–0.469)
Figge J et al: Anion gap and hypoalbuminemia. Crit Care Med 1998, 26:1807-1810.
50
PCO = 80
2 40
40
30 20
Positive value
Base excess
Normal
Negative
20 value
Base deficit
Asidosis
Metabolik
10
7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
pH
36
• SBE(mmol/l=meq/l);
– from a blood gas machine
• Na–Cl effect (meq/l)=
– [Na+]–[Cl–]–38
• Albumin effect (meq/l)=
– 0.25x[42–alb(g/l)]
• Unmeasured ion effect (meq/l)=
– SBE–(Na–Cl) effect–alb effect