PENGEMBANGAN (R&D)
R&D
A
Suatu proses atau
langkah-langkah c Metode penelitian
untuk yang digunakan untuk
mengembangkan menghasilkan produk tertentu dan
suatu produk
menguji keefektifan produk
baru atau tersebut
menyempurnakan
produk
yang telah ada
Metode dalam R & D
DESKRIPTIF EVALUATIF EKSPERIMEN
Cara membuat
produk dan
pengujian
produk.
D
DEVELOPMENT
MEMBUAT PRODUK DAN
MENGUJINYA SECARA
BERULANG-ULANG
KEBIJAKAN
SISTEM PELAYANAN
MODEL
PEMBANGUNAN
SISTEM LALULINTAS
Langkah Prosedural
Thiagarajan (1974) 4D
Robert Maribe
5 Model (2009)
ADDIE
Pengem
- Richey and Klein
bangan (2009) PPE
RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT
R
Desiminasi Rev U
isi pro- ji coba
Revisi
Uji lapangan
& uk siap p utama
Final Operasional
Implem operasional 5 -20
entasi La
Sepuluh Langkah Utama dalam Siklus Lengkap
Penelitian & Pengembangan
Borg, Walter R., and Gall, Meredith Darmein (1983).
Educational Research : An Introduction. 4th ed. New York: Longman Inc, (p.
775)
Step
3Analyze Step
Learners and
Contexts
10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: fro Fig 6 on pp. in: Dick, W., Carey, J. O (2005). The design
Adapted ed.).
m Newur York:
xxii-1Allyn &Carey, L.,Published
Bacon, & systematic of
by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
instruction MA. Copyright
Education. Adapted 2005 by Pearson
with permission
from the publisher.
(6th
Seluruh proses desain instruksional Dick,
Carey, and Carey secara utuh diadaptasi
sebagai educational research and
development. (p.590).
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Identify Instructional Goal (s)
Kebutuhan Instruksional
Kebutuhan adalah kesenjangan antara
keadaan saat ini dibandingkan dengan
keadaan yang diharapkan atau seharusnya.
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and 10 and
Design
Contexts Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Conduct Instructional Analysis
(Melakukan Analisis Instruksional)
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Analyze Learners and Contexts
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Cara Merumuskan Tujuan Instruksional
dengan Format ABCD
(Dick, Carey, and Carey, 2009, p115)
A = Audience ( peserta didik )
B = Behavior ( skill, perilaku/kompetensi )
C = Conditions ( kondisi pada saat sedang di tes )
D = Degree (tingkat pencapaian yg dapat diterima )
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Menyusun Alat Penilaian
Hasil Belajar
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Instructional Strategy
Instructional strategies are tools or techniques
available to educators and instructional designers
for designing and facilitating learning.
Gagne, Robert M., Wager, Walter W., Golas, Katharine C., Keller, Jhon M. (2005). Principles
of
Instructional Design. (5th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. (p. 226)
An instructional strategy is perhaps best
understood as an overall plan governing
instructional content (What will be taught?) and
process (How will it be taught?).
Rothwel, Wiliam J., and Kazanas, H.C. (2004). Mastering the Instruction Design
Process: A Systematic Approach. USA . Pfeiffer. (p. 221)
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Mengembangkan dan
Memilih Bahan
Instruksional
1. Strategi instruksional adalah blue
print dari sistem instruksional yang
akan dikembangkan.
2. Bentuk bahan instruksional
disesuaikan dengan pendekatan
instruksional yang akan dilaksanakan.
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
Summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Tahapan Evaluasi Formatif
Oleh Evaluator Internal
1. Pedoman Wawancara
2. Kuesioner
3. Pedoman Observasi
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10 and
Design
Conduct
summative
Evaluation
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O (2005). The
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction systematic design
York: Allyn of
& Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Revisi pembelajaran dilakukan
empat kali sesuai dengan temuan
penelitian evaluasi:
One-to-one experts,
One-to-one learners
Small-group evaluation
Field trial
Step 10
Step Step 9
2
Conduct Revise
Instructio n Instruction
al Analysis
Step
3Analyze Step
Lea rners and
Contexts 10
Design
and
Conduct
summativ
e
E v al u
desi g n o f
Source: Adapted 6 on pp. xxii-1 in: Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O ation
from Figur(6th ed.). New
instruction (2005).
York:The systematic
Allyn & Bacon, Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston,
MA. Copyright 2005 by Pearson
Education. Adapted with permission from the publisher.
Evaluasi Sumatif
(oleh Evaluator Eksternal)
Evaluasi sumatif dilakukan oleh tim dan nara
sumber yang tidak terlibat dalam proses
pengembangan.
Tujuan evaluasi sumatif
Mendokumentasikan pelaksanaan
pembelajaran
Mengukur efektivitas pembelajaran
Merekomendasikan diteruskan atau
dihentikan penggunaan model
pembelajaran
yang sedang dievaluasi
Catatn :
Karena dilakukan oleh evaluator eksternal
maka temuan evaluasi sumatif bersifat lebih
obyektif, mempunyai kekuatan moral,
kredibilitas, dan legitimasi sehingga dapat
digunakan sebagai bahan advokasi oleh
pengambil keputusan
Thiagarajan : 4D
REVISION
DEVELOP- REVISION
MENT
MODEL ADDIE
Model Richey
DPE
Pengujian
Lapangan
Produk 2
LEVEL R&D
RUMUSAN Masalah
empirik yang
terkait dengan produk
Bab III Metode
Pengembangan
• Model pengembangan
• Prosedur pengembangan
• Uji coba Produk
Desain Uji coba
Subjek Coba
Jenis Data
Instrumen
Teknik Analisis
Bab IV Hasil Pengembangan
• Penyajian Data
• Analisis Data
• Revisi Produk
Kajian dan Saran
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang
B. Identifikasi Masalah
C. Batasan Masalam
D. Runusan Masalah
E. Tujuan pengembangan produk
F. Spesifikasi Produk
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI DAN DESAIN PRODUK
A. Kajian Teori dan Hasil Penelitian
1.
2.
3.
B. Desain Produk
BAB III PROSEDUR PENELITIAN
A. Tahap Research
1. Desain Penelitian
2. Sumber Data Penelitian
3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data
4. Teknik Analisis Data
C. Rancangan produk hasil penelitian
1. Pengujian Rancangan 1 dan revisi
2. Pengujian Rancangan 2
D. Tahap Pengembangan (Development)
1. Pembuatan Produk
2. Pengujian Lapangan Awal
a. Desain Uji Coba (eksperiment)
b. Sampel Penelitian
c. Teknik Pengumpulan Data
d. Instrumen Penelitian
e. Teknik Analisis Data
3. Revisi Produk
4. Pengujian Lapangan Utama
a. Desain Uji Coba (eksperiment)
b. Sampel Penelitian
c. Teknik Pengumpulan Data
d. Instrumen Penelitian
e. Teknik Analisis Data
3. Revisi Produk
4. Pengujian Lapangan Operasional
a. Desain Uji Coba (eksperiment)
b. Sampel Penelitian
c. Teknik Pengumpulan Data
d. Instrumen Penelitian
e. Teknik Analisis Data
5. Revisi Produk
18/05/2020