MEMPENGARUHI
BIOAVAILABILITAS
Sifat fisika-kimia obat
Formulasi
Disintegrasi & Disolusi
Faktor Formulasi
Bahan
tambahan (eksipien)
mempengaruhi kinetika pelarutan
dengan mengubah sifat media atau
bereaksi dengan obat.
Suspending agent menaikkan
viskositas pembawa obat
menurunkan laju pelarutan suspensi
Bahan pelicin tablet tidak larut air
menurunkan laju pelarutan
Surfaktan
Class 2:
Low solubilty
High permeability
Route of elmination; metabolism, extensive
Transporter: efflux transporter effects predominant
Examples: AmiodaroneI; AtorvastatinS.I; AzithromycinS.I;
CarbamazepineS.I; Carvedilol; ChlorpromazineI; CiprofloxacinS;
CisaprideS; CyclosporineS.I; Danazol; Dapsone; DicIofenac;
Diflunisal; DigoxinS; ErythromycinS.I; Flurbipofen; Gilpizide;
GlyburideS.I; Griseofulvin; Ibuprofen; lndinavirS.I; Indomethacin;
ltraconazoleS.I; Ketoconazole; Lansoprazole I; LovastatinS.I;
Mebendazole; Naproxen; NeIfinavirS.I; Ofloxacin; Oxaprozin;
Phenazopyridine; PhenytoinS; Piroxicam;
RaloxifeneS: RitonavirS.I; SaquinavirS.I; SaquinavirS.I; SirolimusS;
Spironolactone: TacrolimusS.I ; TaIinololS; Tamoxifen:
Terfenadine: Terfenadine: warfarin
Class 3:
High solubility
Low permeability
Route of elimination; renal and/or biliary elimination o
unchanged drugs; metabolism is poor
Transporter: absorptive elfects predominant
ExampIes: Acyclovir; AmilorideS.I; AmoxicillinS.I;
Atenolol; Atropine; Bidisomide; Bisphosphonates;
Captoprit; Cefazolin; Cetirizine; CimetidineS;
CiprofIoxacinS; Cloxacillin; DicloxacillinS;
ErythromycinS.I; Famotidine; FexofenadineS; Folinic
acid; Furosemide; Ganciclovir; Hydrochlorothiazide;
Lisinopril; Metformin; Methotrexate; Nadolol; Penicillins;
PravastatinS; RanitidineS; Tetracycline; TrimethoprimS;
Valsartan; Zalcitabine
Class 4:
Low solubility
Low permeability
Route of elimination: renal and /or biliary
elimination of unchanged drug: metabolism
is poor
Transporter;absorptive and efflux
transporters can be predominant
Examples: Amphotericin B; Chiorothiazide;
Chlorthalidone; CiprofloxacinS; Colistin;
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide; Mebendazole;
Methotrexate;
Neomycin