Intervensi Nutrisi
Over nutrition
Morbiditas &
Pasien ICU Normal Nutrition Mortalitas
Under Nutrition
Keluaran Pasien
Mencegah Terjadinya Malnutrisi di ICU
Mengobati Malnutrisi
Malnutrisi meningkatkan morbid dan mortalitas
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Malnutrisi: screening and assessment?
• Dirumah sakit sudah ada lembar screening
status nutrisi
• Komunitas: malnutrition screening tool
(MUST)
• Rumah Sakit: Nutritional risk Screening (NRS)
• Elderly: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MMA)
• ICU: Nutritional risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC)
Score
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Malnutrition
Data TB dan BB
Anamnesa
Antropometric exam
Recent weight loss, Current BMI, Recent Food Intake, Disease severity
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NRS atau
NUTRIC Score?
• Result:
– No difference in mortality rate.
– Late PN à 6,3% more likely to be discharged earlier from ICU and
hospital.
– Late PN à 3,4% reduction in infection (p<0,008).
Casaer MP, Mesotten D, Hermans G, et al. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug
11;365(6):506-17.
Algoritma PN
Apakah jalur Usus berfungsi?
Jalur usus tidak bisa digunakan
(produksi NGT> 500mg, syok septik
sudah teratasi dengan source
control dan AB
• Access
• Nutrient substrates
• Infusion Techniques
• Monitoring
• Complications
NUTRIC Score
• Jika PN pada akses perifer tidak mencukupi dan pasien butuh kalori
lebih maka bisa diberikan via CVC (Grade C) (osmolaritas tinggi
dengan konsentrasi KH dan Prot tinggi)
Central vein
• Subclavian vein
• Interna jugular vein
• Externa jugular vein
• Femoral vein
• Antecubital veins
Infraclavicular approach to the SV
Supraclavicular approach to the SV
Temporary Subclavian Catheter
Hickman Catheters
Permanent Central Venous Access
• Efek positif AA thd otot skelet terganggu pada pasien tirah baring
Panjangnya Ikatan
Short chain (<8 karbon)
Medium chain (8-14 karbon)
Long chain (16 atau lebih karbon)
Very long chain (> 20 karbon)
Non Protein
Energi kombinasi yang didapatkan dari lemak dan karbohidrat
calories (NPC)
1.Gropper S. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 6th ed. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth, cengage learning 2013:Chapter1,6
2.Skiper A, TupesisN . Nutr Clin Pract.2005;20(3):321-324
3.Mirtallo J, et al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004;28(6):S39-70 Erratum in: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(2):177
Karbohidrat 40-60%
Non Protein Calorie
Lemak 30-40%
Lipid: 1/3 dari 1500 kcal = 500 kcal yang diberikan sebagai lipid.
Dengan 2.0 kcal/ml, akan memburuhkan lipid 20% sebanyak 250 ml
Karbohidrat: 1500 kcal – 360 kcal (prot) – 500 kcal (lemak) = 640 kcal/hari
640 kcal : 3.4 kcal/g = 188 g/hari = 940 ml dextrose 20%
Total volume: protein 900ml + lipid 250ml + karbohidrat 940ml = 1890 ml
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Osmolaritas total
Advantage :
Flexible
ease of adjustment
ALL IN ONE SYSTEM (AIO, 3-IN-1)
h Cost effective
Rollin et al JPEN 1990: 14;290-294
Apelgren et al. JPEN 1987;11 (1) Suppl 62
Meguid Nutrition 1987 suppl.
“Protein sparring”
hAdvantages:
h Simultaneous administration of all components
“All in One”
Parenteral nutrition
Dual energy supply
Osmolality
Facilitates
Cost effective delivery &
storage
Monitoring
• Glucose
• Fluid and electrolyte balance
• Renal and hepatic function
• Triglycerides and cholesterol
• Body weight
• Nitrogen balance
• Plasma protein
• Creatinine/height index
Guidelines for Nutritional Monitoring
Test Initial Stable Hospitalized Patient Home Patient