RETENSI PLASENTA
Disusun Oleh :
Koordinator MK:
Prof Drh Ni Wayan K Karja, MP, PHD
Dosen Pembimbing:
Dr. drh. Ligaya ITA Tumbelaka, SpMP MSc
GEJALA KLINIS
Gejala klinis dari retensi plasenta (retensio secundinae) yang paling jelas
terlihat adalah dapat ditemukan plasenta yang menetap pada vagina atau uterus,
bahkan menutup pintu saluran urin sehingga induk tidak dapat atau kesulitan urinasi
Hal ini bisa jadi menyebabkan tidak ditemukan plasenta pada lingkungan tempat
melahirkan (Jesse et al. 2016). Selain itu dapat juga ditemukan keluarnya cairan
berbau busuk dan kecoklatan dari vulva. Plasenta vitalis secara progresif dapat
membusuk, terkontaminasi lantai kandang dan feses, kemudian diikuti metritis bila
terjadi infeksi oleh mikroorganisme. Gejala lainnya yaitu respirasi cepat, suhu badan
meningkat (demam), pulsus meningkat, vulva bengkak dan merah, diare, serta nafsu
makan dan produksi susu menurun (Hemayatul 2012).
Gambar 2 Retensi plasenta pada sapi (Affandy et al. 2007)
PREDISPOSISI
Salah satu predisposisi retensi plasenta pada sapi adalah tidak adanya program
manajemen pakan yang baik. Studi kasus terhadap 5 ekor sapi perah post partus yang
mengalami retensi plasenta menunjukan rendahnya konsentrasi Ca dan Mg pada
pemeriksaan laboratoris, diduga akibat manajemen pakan yang kurang baik pada
periode transisi (Wulansari et al. 2018). Retensi plasenta pada sapi perah kejadiannya
bisa mencapai 3-14% dari kelahiran normal (Drillich et al. 2006; Hur et al. 2011).
Faktor predisposisi lain yang dapat menyebabkan retensi plasenta meliputi abortus,
distokia, fetotomi, operasi caesar, hipocalsemia, kelahiran kembar, kondisi
metabolisme seperti defisiensi selenium dan vitamin E ( Beagley et al. 2010).
DIAGNOSA
PROGNOSA
Pada kasus tanpa komplikasi, angka kematian sangat sedikit dan tidak melebihi
1-2%. Apabila penanganan cepat dan dilakukan secara tepat, maka kesuburan sapi
yang bersangkutan tidak terganggu serta dapat berproduksi kembali (Toelihere 1985).
DIFERENSIAL DIAGNOSA
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