(CKD-MBD)
Aida Lydia
Divisi Ginjal Hipertensi
KSM P.Dalam FKUI-RSCM
Pendahuluan
• Pasien CKD mempunyai angka kematian yang tinggi
dibanding populasi umum.
• Penyebab kematian utama, sekitar 50% dari seluruh
kematian adalah karena penyakit jantung
(kardiovaskular)
• Selain disebabkan faktor risiko tradisional, hal ini
berkaitan dengan kalsifikasi pembuluh darah
(CKD-MBD)
•KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention,and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone
Disorder (CKD–MBD). Kidney International. 2009;76(113):S1-132
•National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney
Dis 2003; 42 (suppl 3): S1-202
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)
Definisi CKD-MBD:
Gangguan metabolisme
mineral dan tulang yg bersifat
sistemik,
Dengan manifestasi salah satu
atau semua parameter berikut:
Bersifat sistemik
KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention,and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone
Disorder (CKD–MBD). Kidney International. 2009;76(113):S1-132
• Retensi fosfat
• Penurunan kadar kalsium
• Penurunan kadar vit D aktif: 1,25-Dihydroxy
VitD (calcitriol)
• Peningkatan FGF23
• Gangguan kelenjar Paratiroid
9
Regulatory Mechanism of Phosphate Homeostasis:
3 feedback loops
Phosphate excretion 10
Torres PAU. Kidney Int 2011;80:443-445
Metabolisme Calcium
Vitamin D
metabolism and
nomenclature
1-alfa hydroxylase
FGF-23
Hypocalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
bone
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Calcium <8,4 mg/dL Phosphorus >4,6 mg/dL Intact PTH >65 pg/dL
In a cross-sectional analysis, calcium and phosphorus values did not become abnormal until GFR fell below 40
ml/min per 1,73m2, and were relatively stable until GFR fell below 20 ml/min per 1,73m2
12% of patients with GFR >80 mL/min per 1.73 m2 had a high PTH, and nearly 60% of patients with GFR <60 mL/min
per 1.73 m2 had elevated PTH levels
• In a study of 2, 122 patients with CKD stages 3-5, higher serum phosphorus
concentration increased the rate of dialysis or transplant by 70%
• In a study of 1,716 CKD patients not on dialysis, serum phosphorus levels ≥ 4.3
mg/dl were associated with a 149% (HR 2.19; p<0,001) increase in the risk
initiating dialysis Smith, D.H., et al. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2010, 25(1): p. 166-74.
Bellasi, A, et al. CJASN, 2011. 6(4): p. 883-93,
Manifestasi Klinik CKD MBD
Manifestasi Klinik CKD MBD
• Nyeri tulang
• Deformitas tulang dan fraktur
• Gatal gatal
• Kalsifikasi vascular, jaringan lunak,
periartikular
Diagnosis CKD MBD
• CT scan
• Foto abdomen lateral
• Echocardiografi utk
melihat kalsifikasi katub
jantung
Aortic Arc
- Dialysis adequacy
- Obat pengikat fosfat (Phosphate binders)
3. Paratiroidektomi
Risiko Mortalitas Pasien HD: Kadar Fosfat dan Calcium
n = 58,058
2.2
2.0 DaVita (Kalantar-Zadeh et al)2 2.0
DaVita (Kalantar-Zadeh et al)2
1.8 Block et al1 1.8
RR of Death*
1. With permission from Block GA, Klassen PS, Lazarus JM, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2208-2218.
2. Adapted from Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kuwae N, Regidor DL, et al. Kidney Int. 2006;70:771-780.
Prinsip Penatalaksanaan
- Dialysis adequacy
- Obat pengikat fosfat (Phosphate binders)
3. Paratiroidektomi
GUIDELINES: KDIGO 2009
KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for thr Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of CKD-MBD, 2009
1. Turunkan kadar Fosfat
• Problem:
• Diet rendah fosfat saja tidak cukup
• Diet rendah fosfat pada umumnya restriksi protein
→ dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi
Turunkan Kadar Fosfat
1. Mengandung kalsium:
. Ca carbonate
. Ca acetate
2
0
Sevelamer Calcium
Mortalitas (100 patient years)
Block Ga., et al. 2007. Mor ta lity ef f ect of coronary calcif icati on and p hosp hate bin de r
choice in i ncid ent hemo dia ly sis patients. Ki dn ey Int. 20 0 7 Mar; 71(5):438- 41.Epu b
2 0 0 7 Jan 3.
KDIGO, 2009
Kesimpulan
• CKD-MBD sering ditemukan pada pasien PGK, terutama
yang telah menjalani dialisis.
• CKD-MBD umumnya tidak bergejala dan didiagnosis
melalui kelainan biokimia.
• Salah satu komplikasi CKD-MBD adalah penyakit
tulang, termasuk fraktur dan nyeri tulang.
• Komplikasi lainnya adalah kalsifikasi vaskular, yang
berhubungan dengan peningkatan mortalitas.
• Tatalaksana CKD-MBD komprehensif meliputi asupan
rendah fosfat, obat pengikat fosfat, kontrol kalsium dan
PTH dan adekuasi dialisis.
THANK YOU