ADA 23 phylum
Bacteria 1
Keanekaragaman Mikrobia (Filum)
Bacteria 2
Keanekaragaman Mikrobia
UPDATE.
Bacteria 4
Bentuk sel bakteri
Baketria: koloni
Bacteria 5
Beberapa bentuk sel bakteri & Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria 6
Struktur sel bacteria
Bacteria 7
Sistem Klasifikasi Bacteria
Phenetic Classification:
Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th
Edition; 1994):
Domain bacteria
↓
Kingdom bacteria
↓
23 Phylum
Bacteria 9
Phylum Bacteria
1. Phylum Aquificae 14. Phylum Actinobacteria
2. Phylum Thermotogae (Actinomycetes)
3. Phylum Thermodesulfobacteria 15. Phylum Planctomycetes
4. Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus 16. Phylum Chlamydiae
5. Phylum Chrysiogenetes 17. Phylum Spirochaetes
6. Phylum Chloroflexi 18. Phylum Fibrobacteres
7. Phylum Thermomicrobia 19. Phylum Acidobacteria
8. Phylum Nitrospira 20. Phylum Bacteroidetes
9. Phylum Deferribacteres 21. Phylum Fusobacteria
10. Phylum Cyanobacteria 22. Phylum Verrucomicrobia
11. Phylum Chlorobi 23. Phylum Dictyoglomi
12. Phylum Proteobacteria
Bacteria 10
1. Aquificae 2. Thermotogae
• Aquifex • Thermotoga
• Calderobacterium • Fervidobacterium
• Hydrogenobacter • Geotoga
• Thermocrinis • Marinitoga
• Hydrogenothermus • Petrotoga
• Persephonella • Thermosipho
• Sulfurihydrogenibium
• Balnearium (incertae sedis) 3. Thermodesulfobacteria
• Desulfurobacterium • Thermodesulfobacterium
(Incertae sedis) • Thermodesulfatator
• Thermovibrio Dapat menghasilkan energi
dari reduksi sulfat dan hidup
pada daerah bersuhu tinggi
Bacteria 11
4. Deinococcus-Thermus 6. Chloroflexi → fotosintetik
• Deinococcus non-sulfur (green nonsulfur
bacteria) - fotosintesis
• Thermus anaerobic
• Marinithermus
• Meiothermus
• Chloroflexus
• Oceanithermus • Chloronema
• Vulcanithermus • Heliothrix
• Roseiflexus
5. Chrysiogenetes • Oscillochloris
• Chrysiogenes arsenatis • Herpetosiphon
• Anaerolinea
7. Thermomicrobia • Caldilinea
• Thermomicrobium roseum
• Thermomicrobium fosteri
Bacteria 12
8. Nitrospira 9. Deferribacteres
• Nitrospira • Deferribacterium
• Leptospirillum • Denitrovibrio
• Magnetobacterium • Flexistipes
• Thermodesulfovibrio • Geovibrio
• Synergistes (Incertae sedis)
• Caldithrix (Incertae sedis)
Bacteria 13
10.
Cyanobacteria Subsection I
– Chamaesiphon
– Gloeocapsa
– Gloeothece Subsection II
– Microcystis – Cyanocystis
– Prochlorococcus – Dermocarpella
– Prochloron – Stanieria
– Synechococcus – Xenococcus
– Synechocystis – Chroococcidiopsis
– Chroococcus – Myxosarcina
– Cyanobacterium – Pleurocapsa
– Cyanobium
– Cyanothece
– Dactylococcopsis
Bacteria
– Gloeobacter 14
Subsection III
✓ Arthrospira ✓Oscillatoria
✓ Borzia ✓Planktothrix
✓ Crinalium ✓Prochlorothrix
✓ Geitlerinema ✓Pseudanabaena
✓ Halospirulina ✓Spirulina
✓ Leptolyngbya ✓Starria
✓ Limnothrix ✓Symploca
✓ Lyngbya ✓Trichodesmium
✓ Microcoleus ✓Tychonema
Bacteria 15
Subsection IV
Subsection V
– Anabaena
– Aphanizomenon • Chlorogloeopsis
– Cyanospira • Fischerella
– Nostoc • Geitleria
– Scytonema • Iyengariella
– Anabaenopsis • Nostochopsis
– Calothrix • Stigonema
– Cylindrospermopsis
– Cylindrospermum (Klasifikasi setelah
– Nodularia Castenholz, 2001.)
– Rivularia
– Tolypothrix
Bacteria 16
11. Chlorobi → bakteri sulfur fotosintetik (green
sulfur bacteria) → fotosintesis aerobik
• Chlorobium
• Ancalochloris
• Chlorobaculum
• Chloroherpeton
• Pelodictyon
• Prosthecochloris
Bacteria 17
PROTEOBACTERIA
Bacteria 18
12. Proteobacteria
a. Alpha Proteobacteria
– Rhodospirillales
– Rickettsiales
– Rhodobacterales
– Sphingomonadales
– Caulobacterales
– Rhizobiales
– Parvularcula bermudensis
– Kordiimonas gwangyangensis
Bacteria 19
Alpha-proteobacteria
- Kelas terbesar kedua
dalam filum
proteobacteria
- Umumnya bersifat
aerob obligat dan
terkadang anaerob
fakultatif
- Oligotrof
Bacteria 20
Alpha-proteobacteria
Bacteria 21
12. Proteobacteria
b. Beta Proteobacteria
– Ordo Neisseriales
– Burkholderiales
– Nitrosomonadales
– Hydrogenophilales
Bacteria 22
Bacteria 23
12. Proteobacteria
– Thiotricales
– Methylococcales
– Pseudomonadales
– Vibrionales
– Enterobacteriales
– Pasteurellales
Bacteria 24
Bacteria 25
Fermentasi pada Gamma-proteobacteria ada 2 tipe:
Bacteria 26
12. Proteobacteria
d. Delta Proteobacteria
– Desulfarculus baarsii
– Desulfovibrionales
– Desulfobacterales
– Desulfurellales
– Desulfuromonales
– Syntrophobacterales
– Bdellovibrionales (bakteri predator/pemakan
bakteri)
– Myxococcales
Bacteria 27
12. Proteobacteria
e. Epsilon Proteobacteria
Familia :
• Campylobacteraceae
– Campylobacter
• Helicobacteraceae
– Helicobacter
– Campylobacter jejuni
– Helicobacter pylori
Bacteria 28
Delta-Epsilon
Proteobacteria
Bacteria 29
Karakteristik Epsilon Proteobacteria
Bacteria 30
13. Firmicutes
Bacteria 31
13. Firmicutes
Ordo: Clostridiales :
• Clostridiaceae: Clostridium
• Lachnospiraceae: Lachnobacterium
• Peptostreptococcaceae:Peptostretpcoccus
• Eubacteriaceae: Eubacterium
• Peptococcaceae : Peptococcus
• Heliobacteriaceae :Heliobacterium
• Acidaminococcaceae: Acidminococcus
• Syntrophomonadaceae: Syntrophomonas
Bacteria 32
Macam-macam letak endospore pada Clostridium
• Terminal : C. cadaveris
• Subterminal : C. sporogenesis
• Sentral : C. bifermentans
Bacteria 33
Ordo: Thermoanaerobacteriales
- Ammonifex - Caldanaerobacter
- Carboxydobrachium - Coprothermobacter
- Gelria - Moorella
- Sporotomaculum - Thermacetogenium
- Thermanaeromonas - Thermoanaerobacter
- Thermoanaerobium - Thermovenabulum
- Thermodesulfobium - Thermoanaerobacterium
Bacteria 34
Ordo: Haloanaerobiales
• Acetohalobium
• Halanaerobacter
• Halanaerobium
• Halonatronum
• Halobacteroides
• Halocella
• Halothermothrix
• Natroniella
• Orenia
• Selenihalanaerobacter
• Sporohalobacter
Bacteria 35
Ordo: Mollicutes
• Acholeplasma - Erysipelotrichaceae
• Anaeroplasma (incertae sedis)
• Asteroleplasma - Bulleidia Spiroplasma
- Ureaplasma
• Entomoplasma - Erysipelothrix
• Eperythrozoon - Holdemania
• Haemobartonella - Solobacterium
• Mesoplasma
• Mycoplasma
• Phytoplasma
Bacteria 36
Grup Bacilli
• Ordo Bacillales: Bacillus
• Ordo Lactobacillales:
Lactobacillus
Classis : Actinobacteria
1. Subclassis Acidimicrobidae
2. Subclassis Rubrobacteridae
3. Subclassis Coriobacteridae
4. Subclassis Sphaerobacteridae
5. Suclassis Actinobacteridae
Bacteria 38
Subclassis: Actinobacteridae
A. Ordo Actinomycetales
1. Sub-ordo Actinomycineae
2. Sub-ordo Micrococcineae
3. Sub-ordo Corynebacterineae
4. Sub-ordo Micromonosporineae
5. Sub-ordo Propionibacterineae
6. Sub-ordo Pseudonocardineae
7. Sub-ordo Streptomycineae
8. Sub-ordo Streptosporangineae
9. Sub-ordo Frankineae
10. Sub-ordo Glycomycineae
B. Ordo Bifidobacteriales
Bacteria 39
Sekelompok sel Arthrobacter yang Arthrobacter yang sedang membelah
berbentuk V hasil dari pembelahannya menunjukkan adanya patahan
yang unik dinding sel dari sel induk
Bacteria 40
Mycobacterium
Struktur 6,6’-di-O-mycolyl
trehalose pada glikolipid
Susunan kimiawi dari asam mikolat dan Mycobacterium
fuchsin dari pewarna tahan asam. Fuchsin
Bacteria
akan terikat melalui ikatan ionic antara COO- 41
dan NH2
Streptomyces dan
kerabat terdekatnya
Bacteria 43
Antibiotic yang diproduksi oleh anggota
species Streptomycetes
Bacteria 44
15. Planctomycetes
• Planctomyces
• Gemmata
• Isosphaera
• Pirellula
Planctomycetes
• Chlamydia
• Chlamydophila
• Neochlamydia
• Parachlamydia
• Rhabdochlamydia
• Simkania
• Waddlia
Bacteria 46
Chlamydia
Siklus infeksi pada Chlamydia dan infeksi Chlamydia pada sel manusia
Sayatan tipis badan retikulat Chlamydia pada kultur jaringan hewan tikus
Bacteria 47
17. Spirochaetes
• Spirochaetes - Borrelia
• Brachyspira - Brevinema
• Clevelandina - Cristispira
• Diplocalyx - Hollandina
• Leptonema - Leptospira
• Pillotina - Serpulina
• Spirochaeta - Treponema
Bacteria 48
18. Fibrobacteres
• Fibrobacter succinogenes
• F. elongatus
• F. intestinalis
19. Acidobacteria
• Acidobacterium capsulatum
• Geothrix fermentans
• Holophaga foetida
Bacteria 49
20. Bacteroidetes
• Bacteroides: Bacteroides fragilis
Kotak berwarna
menunjukkan ordo-ordo
utama pada filum
Bacteriodetes.
Pohon filogenetik dibuat
berdasarkan sekuen 16S
rRNA dari genera-genera
yang representatif dari
ordo tersebut.
Bacteria 50
21. Fusobacteria
• Fusobacterium nucleatum
Bacteria 51
Verrucomicrobia
Bacteria 52