Pemeriksaan Fisik
• Keadaan umum.
• Tanda-tanda dehidrasi : mata cekung, turgor,
pengisian kapiler.
• Tanda-tanda vital : tekanan darah, nadi, RR,
suhu (↑, ↓ tanda sepsis).
• Mata yang tidak isokorik, deviasi ke satu arah,
paresis atau paralisis satu sisi mungkin
mengarah ke dugaan stroke.
• Pemeriksaan paru, jantung, hati, limpa, ginjal.
• MMSE
• CDT
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
• Pemeriksaan darah
• Pemeriksaan urin dan feses rutin
• Pemeriksaan gula darah
• Tes fungsi ginjal
• Tes fungsi hati
• Status elektrolit
• Enzim jantung
• Saturasi Oksigen
• Pemeriksaan status elektrolit dan kimia darah
1. Glukosa darah
Electrolyte
2. Magnesium imbalances,
3. Kreatinin hiper/hipoglikemia,
gagal ginjal, dehidrasi
4. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) malnutrisi, gangguan
5. Liver enzymes fungsi hepar
• Pemeriksaan darah lengkap
1. Melihat kemungkinan anemia berat
2. Infeksi Peningkatan leukosit darah
2. Terdapat riwayat :
Batuk
Demam Foto thorax dan
Nafas cepat EKG
Nyeri dada
Emphysema
Frontal Chest X-Ray of a patient with a history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Findings on chest X-Ray in patients with Chronic Bronchitis can be quite non-specific.
Radiological signs include bronchial wall thickening with increased bronchovascular markings,
enlarged vessels and cardiomegaly (abnormal enlargement of the heart).
Due to the recurrent nature of infections and inflammation, scarring occurs causing
the bronchovascular structures to typically have irregular contours.
Slide 9
Findings Chronic Bronchitis.
Pneumonia
Slide 10
Congestive heart failure
Slide 11