An
Anestesiologi adan Terapi Intensif
RS Muhammadiyah Palembang
ASAM BASA..
[H ]
+
pH
Acid Base
Nilai Normal :
Dewasa : pH : 7.35 -7.45 (7,4 ± 0,05)
PCO2 : 35 – 45 mmHg
PO2 : 75 – 100 mmHg
HCO3 : 24 – 28 mEq/L
BE : +2 sampai -2 (± 2 mEq/L)
(H+ ) = 24 x PaCO2
(HCO3-)
Catatan:
bahwa pada pH < 7.40,(H+ ) meningkat
1.25 nEq/L utk setiap penurunan 0.01.
Pada pH > 7.40,(H+ ) menurun 0.8 nEq/L
untuk setiap peningkatan 0.01 pada pH.
Alkalosis Respiratori
50
PCO = 80
2 40
40
Penyebab:
1) Nyeri
[ HCO3- ]
2) Histerik
30 20 3) Hipoksia
Normal
Alkalosis
Respiratori
20
kompensasi = [HCO3-]
Alkalosis
Respiratori
terkompensasi
10
7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
pH
Asidosis Respiratori
50
PCO = 80
2 40
kompensasi
40 = [HCO3-]
Asidosis Penyebab:
Respiratori 1) PPOK, gagal jantung
terkompensasi kronik, bbrp penyakit
[HCO3-]
paru
30 20 2) Obat anestesi
Asidosis
Respiratori
20
10
7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
pH
Metabolic Alkalosis
50
PCO = 80
2 40
40
kompensasi = PCO2 Alkalosis
Metabolik Penyebab:
terkompensasi
[ HCO3- ]
20
10
7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
pH
Metabolic Asidosis
50
PCO = 80
2 40
40 Penyebab:
1) Kehilangan basa
(eg. diare)
[ HCO3- ]
2) Akumulasi asam
(diabetes, gagal ginjal)
30 20 3) Asidosis Tubular Ginjal
Asidosis
20 Metabolik
Asidosis
Metabolik
kompensasi = PCO2 terkompensasi
10
7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
pH
Kompensasi ginjal terhadap asidosis resp. kronik
PPOK
Keto/Laktat
asidosis
RANGKUMAN GANGGUAN
KESEIMBANGAN ASAM BASA
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolik alkalosis
+
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
+
Respiratory acidosis
Partially compensaated
Respiratory alkalosis
Partially compensated
Metabolic acidosis
ACIDOSIS ALKALOSIS
Contoh kasus
Os Asma
bronchiale
Partially
Compensated
Metabolic
Partially compensated
alkalosis FiO2:0.30
Peta keseimbangan asam-basa
Partially compensaated
Respiratory alkalosis
Partially compensated
Metabolic acidosis
ACIDOSIS ALKALOSIS
Partially
Compensated
Metabolic
alkalosis
Partially compensated
Peta keseimbangan asam-basa
Respiratory acidosis
FiO2:0.80
pH:7.250
PCO2:50.7
PO2:249.9
Metabolik alkalosis
HCO3:22.0
+ BE:-6.0
Respiratory alkalosis
AaDO2:255.1
SaO2 :99,7%
Metabolic acidosis
+
Respiratory acidosis
Partially compensaated
Respiratory alkalosis
Partially compensated
Metabolic acidosis
ACIDOSIS ALKALOSIS
AGD I
pH 7,330
pCO2 (mmHg) 24,3
PO2 68
HCO3- (mmol/L) 13,0
TCO2
Bex -98
Sbic
SO2 (%) 93,1
Simpulan ?
• Simpulan : Asidosis metabolik
kompensatoir parsial dengan
hipoksia
Simpulan ?
• Simpulan : Alkalosis respiratoir
kompensatoir parsial dengan hiperoksia