Nama

NIM
Kelas
Mata Kuliah

: Abellio Nathanael Sitompul

: 0613 4041 1637
: 5 EG B
: Teknik Pembakaran

1.

Flue Gas

Bahan bakar
Batubara
C
H2
N2
O2
S
H2O

FURNACE
O2 = 21 %

= 70 %
= 15 %
= 4%
= 3%
= 2%
= 6%

Udara Teoritis
O2 = 21 %
N2 = 79 %

Penyelesaian :
Basis 100 grmol bahan bakar.
Mol masing-masing komponen :
C
= 70 % x 100 grmol = 70 grmol
H2 = 15 % x 100 grmol = 15 grmol
N2 = 4 % x 100 grmol = 4 grmol
O2 = 3 % x 100 grmol = 3 grmol
S
= 2 % x 100 grmol = 2 grmol
H2O = 6 % x 100 grmol = 6 grmol

Reaksi Pembakaran
C
M 70 grmol
B 70 grmol
S
BM 12 gr/grmol
m

O2
70 grmol

CO2 ......(1)
70 grmol

32 gr/grmol

70 grmol
44 gr/grmol

3080 gr

M
B

H2
+
15 grmol
15 grmol

S
BM 2 gr/grmol
m

M
B

S
+
2 grmol
2 grmol

S
BM 32 gr/grmol
m

O2
7,5 grmol
32

H2O ....(2)
15 grmol

gr/grmol

15 grmol
18 gr/grmol

270 gr

O2
2 grmol

SO2 ..(3)
2 grmol

32 gr/grmol

2 grmol
96 gr/grmol

128 gr

O2 teoritis

= O2 (1) + O2 (2) + O2 (3)

= (70 grmol + 7,5 grmol + 2 grmol)
= 79,5 grmol

O2 teoritis dari udara

= O2 teoritis O2 bahan bakar

= 79,5 grmol 3 grmol
= 76,5 grmol

N2 dari udara

79
21

x 76,5 grmol

= 287,79 grmol
N2 keluar

= N2 dari udara N2 bahan bakar

= 287,79 grmol + 4 grmol
= 291,79

H2O keluar

= H2O reaksi + H2O bahan bakar

= 15 grmol + 6 grmol
= 21 grmol

Kompone
n
C
H2
N2
O2
S
H2O
CO2
SO2
Total

Input
n (grmol)
70
15
291,79
79,5
2
6
464,29

Massa (gr)
840
30
8170,12
2544
64
108
11756,12

Output
n (grmol)
Massa (gr)
291,79
8170,12
21
378
70
3080
2
128
384,79
11756,12

Flue Gas
CO2
H2O
SO2
N2
Batubara
Basis 100 grmol
C
H2
N2
O2
S
H2O

= 840 gr
= 30 gr
= 112 gr
= 96 gr
= 64 gr
= 108 gr

Sub Total = 1250 gr

= 3080
gr = 70
grmol = 18,19 %
= 378
gr = 21
grmol = 5,46 %
= 128
gr = 2
grmol = 0,52 %
= 8170,12 gr = 291,79 grmol = 75,83 %

FURNACE
Total = 11756,12 gr = 384,79 grmol = 100 %
Udara Teoritis
O2
= 76,5 grmol = 2448
gr
N2
= 287,79 grmol = 8058,12 gr
Sub Total

= 364,29 grmol = 10506,12 gr

2.

Flue Gas

Bahan bakar
Batubara
C
H2
N2
O2
S
H2O

FURNACE
Udara 8 % Excess

= 70 %
= 15 %
= 4%
= 3%
= 2%
= 6%

O2 = 21 %
N2 = 79 %

Penyelesaian :
Basis 100 grmol bahan bakar.
Mol masing-masing komponen :
C = 70 % x 100 grmol = 70 grmol
H2 = 15 % x 100 grmol = 15 grmol
N2 = 4 % x 100 grmol = 4 grmol
O2 = 3 % x 100 grmol = 3 grmol
S = 2 % x 100 grmol = 2 grmol
H2O= 6 % x 100 grmol = 6 grmol
Reaksi Pembakaran
C
M 70 grmol
B 70 grmol

S
BM 12 gr/grmol
m

M
B

CO2.(1)
70 grmol

32 gr/grmol

70 grmol
44 gr/grmol

H2
+
15 grmol
15 grmol

S
BM 2 gr/grmol
m

O2
70 grmol

O2
7,5 grmol
32

gr/grmol

3080 gr
H2O.(2)
15 grmol
15 grmol
18 gr/grmol

270 gr

O2

SO2 ..(3)

M
B

2 grmol
2 grmol

S
BM 32 gr/grmol
m

2 grmol

2 grmol

32 gr/grmol

2 grmol
96 gr/grmol

128 gr

O2 teoritis

= O2 (1) + O2 (2) + O2 (3)

= (70 grmol + 7,5 grmol + 2 grmol)
= 79,5 grmol

O2 teoritis dari udara

= O2 teoritis O2 bahan bakar

= 79,5 grmol 3 grmol
= 76,5 grmol

% excess

O 2 supplyO2 teoritis
O2 teoritis

x 100 %

8%

O 2 supply76,5 grmol
76,5 grmol

x 100 %

O2 Supply

= 82,62 grmol

O2 Berlebih

= O2 Supply O2 teoritis
= 82,62 grmol 79,5 grmol
= 3,12 grmol

N2 dari udara

79
21

x 82,62 grmol

= 310,8086 grmol
N2 keluar

= N2 dari udara + N2 bahan bakar

= 310,8086 grmol + 4 grmol
= 314,8086 grmol

H2O keluar

= H2O reaksi + H2O bahan bakar

= 15 grmol + 6 grmol
= 21 grmol

Kompone
n
C
H2
N2
O2
S
H2O
CO2
SO2
Total

Input
n (grmol)
70
15
314,8086
82,62
2
6
490,4286

Massa (gr)
840
30
8814,6408
2643,84
64
108
12500,4808

Output
n (grmol)
Massa (gr)
314,8086
8814,6408
3,12
99,84
21
378
70
3080
2
128
410,9286
12500,4808

Flue Gas

FURNACE
Batubara
Basis 100 grmol
C
H2
N2
O2
S
H2O

= 840 gr
= 30 gr
= 112 gr
= 96 gr
= 64 gr
= 108 gr

Sub Total = 1250 gr

CO2
H2O
SO2
N2
O2

= 3080
gr = 70
grmol =17,03 %
= 378
gr = 21
grmol = 5,11 %
= 128
gr =
2
grmol = 0,49 %
= 8814,6408 gr = 314,81 grmol =76,61 %
= 99,84 gr =
3,12 grmol = 0,76 %

Total = 12500,481 gr = 410,93 grmol = 100,00 %

Udara Teoritis
O2
= 82,62 grmol =
N2
= 314,8086 grmol =
Sub Total

2643,84 gr
8814,6408 gr

= 397,4268 grmol = 11458,4808 gr

3.
Flue Gas

Bahan Bakar
Gas
CH4
C2H6
O2
N2

FURNACE
O2 = 21 %

= 50 grmol
= 15 grmol
= 15 grmol
= 20 grmol

Udara Teoritis
O2 = 21 %
N2 = 79 %
Laju alir 20.000 L/jam
T = 30
P = 1 atm

Penyelesaian :
Basis 1 jam operasi
1 jam operasi
= 20.000 L/jam 1 jam operasi

Volume

= Laju alir

= 20.000 L
PV
n

= nRT
PV
= RT
1 atm 20000 L
= 0,08205 L atm ( 30+273 ) K
grmol K

1 atm 20.000 L
0,08205 303 K
n udara

= 800.08 grmol

n O2

21
n
udara
100

21
800.08 grmol
100

= 168.0168 grmol
Reaksi pembakaran

M
B

CH4
50 grmol
50 grmol

S
BM 16 gr/grmol
m

CO2
+
50 grmol

2H2O.(1)
100 grmol

32 gr/grmol

50 grmol
44 gr/grmol

100 grmol
18 gr/grmol

C2H6

M
B

2O2
100 grmol

(2)
15 grmol
15 grmol

S
BM 30 gr/grmol
m

1320 gr
7
2 O2

2CO2

52,5,5 grmol

O2 teoritis

30 grmol

gr/grmol

32

810 gr

45 grmol

30 grmol
44 gr/grmol

45 grmol
18 gr/grmol

1320 gr
= O2 (1) + O2 (2)
= 2 (50 grmol) +

7
2

3H2O

810 gr

(15 grmol)

= 152,5 grmol
O2 teoritis dari bahan bakar

= O2 teoritis O2 bahan bakar

= 152,5 grmol 15 grmol
= 137,5 grmol

% excess

O 2 supplyO2 teoritis
O2 teoritis

168,0168 grmol137,5 grmol

137,5 grmol

x 100

= 22,19 %
O2 Berlebih

= O2 Supply O2 teoritis
= 168,0168 grmol 152,5 grmol
= 15,5168 grmol

N2 dari udara

79
21

x 168,0168 grmol

= 632,0632 grmol

x 100

N2 keluar

Kompone
n
CH4
C2H6
O2
N2
CO2
H2O
Total

= N2 dari udara + N2 bahan bakar

= 632,0632 grmol + 20 grmol
= 650, 0632 grmol

Input
n (grmol)
50
15
168,0168
650,0632
883,08

Massa (gr)
800
450
5376,5376
18201,7696
24828,3072

n (grmol)
15,5168
650,0632
80
145
890,58

Output
Massa (gr)
496,5376
18201,7696
3520
2610
24828,3072

Flue Gas
CO2
H2O
N2
O2
Bahan Bakar Gas
Basis 100 grmol
CH4
= 800 gr
C2H6
= 450 gr
N2
= 560 gr
O2
= 480 gr
Sub Total = 2290 gr

FURNACE

= 3520
gr = 80
grmol = 8,98 %
= 2610
gr = 145
grmol = 16,29 %
= 18201,77 gr = 650,0632 grmol = 72,99 %
= 496,54 gr = 15,5168 grmol = 1,74 %

Total = 24828,31 gr = 890,58

grmol = 100,00 %

Udara Teoritis
O2
N2

= 153,0168 grmol = 4896,5376 gr

= 630,0632 grmol = 17641,7696 gr

Sub Total

= 785,08

grmol = 22538,3072 gr

Illustrasi 2
Gas kota mempunyai komposisi volume
CO2
2,6 %
C2,73H4,72
8,4
O2
0,7
H2
39,3
CO
32,9
C1,14H4,28
10,1
N2
5,4
100 %
a. Hitunglah mol O2 teoritis yang harus disuplai untuk pembakaran 1 mol gas
b. Hitung nilai kalor gas kal/grmol dan Btu/cuft
Jawab
Basis :
100 grmol gas
Komponen
CO2
= 2,6 % x 100 grmol = 2,6 grmol
C2,73H4,72 = 8,4 % x 100 grmol = 8,4 grmol
O2
= 0,7 % x 100 grmol = 0,7 grmol
H2
= 39,3 % x 100 grmol = 39,3 grmol
CO
= 32,9 % x 100 grmol = 32,9 grmol
C1,14H4,28 = 10,1 % x 100 grmol = 10,1 grmol
N2
= 5,4 % x 100 grmol = 5,4 grmol
Reaksi pembakaran

M
B

C2,73H4,72 + 7,82/2 O2
8,4
8,4
32,844

2,73 CO2 + 2,36 H2O

22,932
19,824

(grmol)
(grmol)

S
BM

37,48

22,932
44

(grmol)
(gr/grmol)

32

19,824
18

1009,008

356,832

(gr)

M
B

H2 +
39,9
39,9

O2
19,95

H2O
39,9

(grmol)
(grmol)

S
BM

32

39,9
18

(grmol)
(gr/grmol)

m
M
B

CO
392,9
32,9

O2
16,45

718,2 (gr)
CO2
(grmol)
32,9 (grmol)

S
BM

28

32

32,9
44

718,2 (gr)

M
B

C1,14H4,28 + 4,42/2 O2
10,1
10,1
22,321

1,14 CO2 + 2,14 H2O

(grmol)
11,514 21,614
(grmol)

S
BM
m

17,96
-

11,514 21,614
(grmol)
44
18
(gr/grmol)
506,616
389,052
(gr)

O2 teoritis

a.

32
-

=
=
=

O2 supply

mol O2(1) + mol O2(2) + mol O2(3) + mol O2(4)

(32,844 + 19,95 + 16,45 + 22,321) grmol
91,565 grmol
=

O 2 teoritisO 2 bahan bakar

mol gas

91,565 grmol0,7 grmol

100

=
b.

(grmol)
(gr/grmol)

0,908 grmol

Basis =
1 grmol gas
Nilai kalor
:
Hidrogen
= 0,399 grmol x 68317 kal/grmol
=
Karbon monoksida = 0,329 grmol x 67636 kal/grmol
=
Unsaturated
= 0,084 grmol { (2,73 x 9820) + (4,72 x 28200) + 28200 }kal/grmol=

27259 kal
22252 kal
36120 kal

Paraffin
= 0,101 grmol {(1,14 x 158100) + 54700}kal/grmol
Total
3

109361 kal

4,673 x 10 btu/cuft
1 kal

= 511 btu/cuft

23730 kal

109361 kal