KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Alhamdulillahirabbilalamin, banyak nikmat yang Allah berikan, tetapi
sedikit sekali yang kita ingat. Segala puji hanya layak untuk Allah Tuhan seru
sekalian alam atas segala berkat, rahmat, taufik, serta hidayah-Nya yang tiada
terkira besarnya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah dengan judul
TUMBUHAN.
Dalam penyusunannya, penulis memperoleh banyak bantuan dari berbagai
pihak, karena itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya
kepada: Kedua orang tua dan segenap keluarga besar penulis yang telah
memberikan dukungan, kasih, dan kepercayaan yang begitu besar. Dari sanalah
semua kesuksesan ini berawal, semoga semua ini bisa memberikan sedikit
kebahagiaan dan menuntun pada langkah yang lebih baik lagi.
Meskipun penulis berharap isi dari makalah ini bebas dari kekurangan dan
kesalahan, namun selalu ada yang kurang. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan
kritik dan saran yang membangun agar skripsi ini dapat lebih baik lagi.
Akhir kata penulis berharap agar makalah ini bermanfaat bagi semua
pembaca. Demikian makalah ini saya buat semoga bermanfaat,

Penulis,

DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................

DAFTAR ISI

........................................................................................

ii

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................

iii

A. Latar Belakang .........................................................

B. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................
C. Tujuan Penulisan ......................................................

1
1
1

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

CHAPTER III

Celery ........................................................................
Luffa Aegyptiaca ......................................................
Eurycoma Longifolia ................................................
Morinda Citrifolia .....................................................
Aloe Vera ..................................................................

2
3
4
5
6

CLOSING
A. Conslusion ................................................................
B. Advice .......................................................................

7
7

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................

ii

BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang
Tumbuhan merupakan salah satu keanekaragaman hayati yang banyak
dimanfaatkan manusia. Hewanpun bergantung pada tumbuhan sebagai sumber
energi. Dalam klasifikasi, makhluk hidup yang tergolong tumbuhan adalah semua
organisme eukaryotik multiselulerfotosintetik yang memiliki klorofil, menyimpan
karbohidrat yang biasanya berupa tepung, dan embryonya dilindungi oleh jaringan
tumbuhan parental.
Tumbuhan non-tracheophyta adalah kelompok lumut sedangkan kelompok
tracheophyta adalah tumbuhan paku dan tumbuhan berbiji. Dengan mempelajari
taksonomi tumbuhan, kita dapat membedakan berbebagai jenis tumbuhan yang
termasuk tumbuhan tingkat rendah dan tumbuhan tinggkat tinggi.
B. Rumusan Masalah
1. Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is ?
2. Luffa aegyptiaca, aka Egyptian cucumber, aka Vietnamese luffa, is?
3. Eurycoma longifolia (commonly called tongkat ali or pasak bumi) is?
4. a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, called!
C. Tujuan Penulisan
Untuk mengetahui tentang tumbuhan-tumbuhan celery, Luffa aegyptiaca ,
Eurycoma longifolia , Morinda citrifolia.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Celery
Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is a plant variety in the family
Apiaceae, commonly used as a vegetable. Celery seed is also used as a spice. The
plant grows to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall.
Celery leaves are pinnate to bipinnate with rhombic leaflets 36 cm long
and 24 cm broad. The flowers are creamy-white, 23 mm in diameter, and are
produced in dense compound umbels. The seeds are broad ovoid to globose, 1.5
2 mm long and wide. Modern cultivars have been selected for solid petioles, leaf
stalks. A celery stalk readily separates into "strings" which are bundles of angular
collenchyma cells exterior to the vascular bundles.

Head of celery, sold as a vegetable. Usually only the stalks are eaten.
In North America, commercial production of celery is dominated by the
cultivar called 'Pascal' celery. Gardeners can grow a range of cultivars, many of
which differ from the wild species, mainly in having stouter leaf stems. They are
ranged under two classes, white and red. The stalks grow in tight, straight, parallel
bunches, and are typically marketed fresh that way, without roots and just a little
green leaf remaining.
In Europe the dominant variety of celery most commonly available in
trade is Celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) grown for its hypocotyl
forming a large bulb (commonly but incorrectly called celery root). The leaves are
used as seasoning, and the stalks find only marginal use. The wild form of celery
is known as "smallage". It has a furrowed stalk with wedge-shaped leaves, the
whole plant having a coarse, earthy taste, and a distinctive smell. The stalks are
not usually eaten (except in soups or stews in French cuisine), but the leaves may
be used in salads, and its seeds are those sold as a spice. With cultivation and

blanching, the stalks lose their acidic qualities and assume the mild, sweetish,
aromatic taste particular to celery as a salad plant.
The plants are raised from seed, sown either in a hot bed or in the open
garden according to the season of the year, and, after one or two thinnings and
transplantings, they are, on attaining a height of 1520 cm, planted out in deep
trenches for convenience of blanching, which is effected by earthing up to exclude
light from the stems. In the past, celery was grown as a vegetable for winter and
early spring; it was perceived as a cleansing tonic, welcomed to counter the saltsickness of a winter diet. By the 19th century, the season for celery had been
extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April.
B. Luffa aegyptiaca

The fibrous skeleton of the fruit is used as a household scrubber. The fiber
is Xylem. It has semi-coarse texture and good durability. Sponges made of sponge
gourd for sale alongside sponges of animal origin (Spice Bazaar at Istanbul,
Turkey, September 2008).
Luffa aegyptiaca, aka Egyptian cucumber, aka Vietnamese luffa, is a
species of Luffa grown for its fruit. In English, luffa is also spelled loofah. The
plant is an annual vine, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. The about-30cm-long fruit resembles a cucumber and the young fruit is eaten likewise as a
vegetable and is commonly grown for that purpose in tropical Asia. Unlike the
young fruit, the fully ripened fruit is strongly fibrous and inedible, and is used to
make scrubbing bath sponges. Due to the use as a scrubbing sponge, it is also
known by the common names dishrag gourd, rag gourd, sponge gourd, and
vegetable-sponge. It is also called smooth luffa to distinguish it from the ridged
luffa (Luffa acutangula), which is used for the same purposes.

Luffa aegyptiaca is best grown with a trellis support. It requires lots of

heat and lots of water to thrive. In Vietnam, its native habitat, it is called mp
hng. Its botanical specific epithet "aegyptiaca" was given to it because in the
16th century European botanists were introduced to the plant from its cultivation
in Egypt. In the European botanical literature, the plant was first described by
Johann Veslingius in 1638, who called it "Egyptian Cucumber".
C. Eurycoma longifolia
This article is about the small Asian tree in the genus Eurycoma. For the
tall Australian tree also known as "Long Jack", see Flindersia xanthoxyla.

Eurycoma longifolia (commonly called tongkat ali or pasak bumi) is a

flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae, native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and,
to a lesser extent, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. It is also known under the names
penawar pahit, penawar bias, bedara merah, bedara putih, lempedu pahit,
payong ali, tongkat baginda, muntah bumi, petala bumi (all Malay); bidara laut
(Indonesian); babi kurus (Javanese); cy b bnh (Vietnamese) and tho nan
(Laotian). Many of the common names refer to the plant's medicinal use and
extreme bitterness. Penawar pahit translates simply as "bitter charm" or "bitter
medicine". Older literature, such as a 1953 article in the Journal of Ecology, may
cite only penawar pahit as the plant's common Malay name.
A medium size slender shrub reaching 10 m in height, often unbranched
with reddish brown petioles. Leaves compound, even pinnate reaching 1 m in
length. Each compound leaf consists of 30-40 leaflets, lanceolate to obovatelanceolate. Each leaflet is about 520 cm long, 1.56 cm wide, much paler on the

ventral side. Inflorecense axillary, in large brownish red panicle, very pubescent
with very fine, soft, grandular trichomes. Flowers are hermaphrodite. Petals small,
very fine pubescent. Drupe hard, ovoid, yellowish brown when young and
brownish red when ripe.
D. Morinda citrifolia
Morinda citrifolia is a tree in the coffee
family, Rubiaceae. Its native range extends
through Southeast Asia and Australasia, and the
species is now cultivated throughout the tropics
and widely naturalised.
English common names include great
morinda, Indian mulberry, noni, beach
mulberry, and cheese fruit.
M. citrifolia grows in shady forests, as
well as on open rocky or sandy shores. It reaches
maturity in about 18 months, then yields between
4 and 8 kg (8.8 and 17.6 lb) of fruit every month
throughout the year. It is tolerant of saline soils,
drought conditions, and secondary soils. It is therefore found in a wide variety of
habitats: volcanic terrains, lava-strewn coasts, and clearings or limestone
outcrops, as well as in coralline atolls. It can grow up to 9 m (30 ft) tall, and has
large, simple, dark green, shiny and deeply veined leaves.
The plant bears flowers and fruits all year round. The fruit is a multiple
fruit that has a pungent odour when ripening, and is hence also known as cheese
fruit or even vomit fruit. It is oval in shape and reaches 1018 centimetres (3.9
7.1 in) size. At first green, the fruit turns yellow then almost white as it ripens. It
contains many seeds. It is sometimes called starvation fruit. Despite its strong
smell and bitter taste, the fruit is nevertheless eaten as a famine food and, in some
Pacific islands, even a staple food, either raw or cooked. Southeast Asians and
Australian Aborigines consume the fruit raw with salt or cook it with curry. The
seeds are edible when roasted.
M. citrifolia is especially attractive to weaver ants, which make nests from
the leaves of the tree. These ants protect the plant from some plant-parasitic
insects. The smell of the fruit also attracts fruit bats, which aid in dispersing the
seeds. A type of fruit fly, Drosophila sechellia, feeds exclusively on these fruits.

E. Aloe vera

Aloe vera (/loi/ or /lo/) is a succulent plant species. The species is

frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first
century AD. Extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and
alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating,
healing, or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the
effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal
purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradicted by
other studies.
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 60
100 cm (2439 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy,
green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on their upper and
lower stem surfaces.[7] The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white
teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall,
each flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 23 cm (0.81.2 in)
long.[7][8] Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a
symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.[9]
Aloe vera leaves contain phytochemicals under study for possible bioactivity, such
as acetylated mannans, polymannans, anthraquinone C-glycosides, anthrones,
anthraquinones, such as emodin, and various lectins.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is a plant variety in the family
Apiaceae, commonly used as a vegetable. Celery seed is also used as a spice. The
plant grows to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall.
Luffa aegyptiaca, aka Egyptian cucumber, aka Vietnamese luffa, is a
species of Luffa grown for its fruit. In English, luffa is also spelled loofah. The
plant is an annual vine, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Eurycoma longifolia (commonly called tongkat ali or pasak bumi) is a
flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae, native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and,
to a lesser extent, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Morinda citrifolia is a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Its native
range extends through Southeast Asia and Australasia, and the species is now
cultivated throughout the tropics and widely naturalised.
Aloe vera (/loi/ or /lo/) is a succulent plant species. The species is
frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first
century AD. Extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and
alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating,
healing, or soothing properties.
The presence of this material we can find out about some of the herbs that
are beneficial to health and to the environment. with the human plant can use
these plants for food, medicine and to beautify the environment to be cleaner.
because plants can make a dirty air into the air was fairly clean because dirt is
sucked by him.
B. Advice
Let us preserve our earth this plant to be awake and clean of environmental
pollution and surrounding environment embellish

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

https://azkaubaidillah.wordpress.com/2013/12/17/makalah-tumbuhan-plantae/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luffa_aegyptiaca
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurycoma_longifolia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morinda_citrifolia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera