Word, Phrase, Clause Dan Sentence

1.Pengertian WORD

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, Word is a single distinct meaningful

element of speech and writting used with other to formed and
typically shown with a space on either side when written or
printed.

Dengan kata lain, word merupakan kumpulan dari abjad (A-Z)

yang membentuk sebuah arti atau makna tertentu. Dalam
bahasa Indonesia word disebut dengan kata. Kata dalam
bahasa inggris pun bisa dibedakan menjadi beberapa jenis
seperti kata benda (noun), kata kerja (verb), kata sifat
(adjective) dan lain sebagainya.

Contoh :

 Ajective (Kata Sifat) : beautiful (cantik), big (besar), small

(kecil), thin (kurus/tipis).
 Verb (kata kerja) : sing (bernyanyi), cook (memasak),
love (mencintai), hate (membenci).
 Noun (Kata Benda) : People (orang), animal (hewan),
fruit (buah).

2.Pengertian PHRASE
Dalam bahasa inggris, phrase is a small group of words
standing together as a conceptual unit typically forming a
component of a clause. Dengan kata lain, phrase merupakan
sebuah kelompok kata yang membentuk suatu arti atau
makna namun kelompok kata tersebut tidak terdiri
dari subjek ataupun verb (kata kerja).

Phrase pun juga terdiri dari verb phrase, noun phrase,

adjective phrase dan lain sebagainya.

Contoh :

 Noun Phrase : best moment (moment terbaik), great man

(laki-laki yang luar biasa), beautiful woman (wanita yang
cantik)
 Adjective Phrase : a beautiful white woman (wanita putih
yang cantik).
 Verb Phrase : wil draw (akan menggambar), will miss
(akan merindukan)

3.Pengertian CLAUSE

Clause is a unit of grammatical organization next below the

sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of
a subject and predicate. Dengan kata lain, clause merupakan
gabungan dari beberapa kata dan terdiri dari subject
juga verb (kata kerja).
Clause sendiri dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu independent
clause dan dependent clause. Apa itu dependent dan
independent clause?

Dependent clause merupakan clause yang tidak dapat berdiri

sendiri sedangkan independent clause merupakan clause
yang dapat berdiri sendiri.

Contoh :

 He smiled when I looked at him (dia tersenyum ketika

aku melihatnya)
 my mom cooks my favourite food when I come home
(ibuku memasak makanan favoritku ketika aku pulang)
 I will read my new novel when I want (aku akan
membaca novel baruku ketika aku ingin)
 I will give you a gift that you like (aku akan memberi mu
sebuah kado yang kamu sukai)

4.Pengertian SENTENCE

Sentence is a set of words that is complete in its self. Dalam

bahasa indonesia, sentence atau kalimat merupakan
gabungan dari kata yang membentuk suatu arti dan terdiri
dari dari subject (pelaku) dan predicate (kata keterangan).

Contoh :

 I will buy a new novel in the book store (aku akan

membeli sebuah buku baru di toko buku)
  they cook a delicious food for me (mereka memasak
makanan yang enak untuk ku)
 we will wash these plates together (kami akan mencuci
piring-piring ini bersama-sama)

Indicate whether you think the underlined words are a Phrase or a Clause.

1. Opening the gate, Jose let his dog into the yard.
2. It is too bad that Ms. Fraser will not be teaching next year.

3. The player who hits the winning run will be the MVP for the game.

4. The girl whose leg was broken last year will be running in the big race tomorrow.

5. After listening to the students, Mr. Johnson changed his mind about the assignment.

6. After the game, the team went out for ice cream.

7. Vicky's dog went missing on the last stormy night.

8. They all started walking toward the mall.

9. Chelsea was waiting in front of the movie theater.

10. Whenever I don't have any homework, I like to go for a bike ride after school.

11. If the story doesn't have any vampires in it, Katie won't read it.

12. This job would be fun if the boss was nicer.

13. There could be a problem if our pitcher is late for the game.

14. In the art supplies cupboard, you should find the brushes you need.

15. Did you look for your binder under your bed?
 DEFINITION AND
EXEMPLIFICATION
 Meaning
 To explain about something

Three ways:
1. Using relative clause
2. Using reduced relative clause
3. Using non-relative clause
 Which/ that
 Who
 Where

 Examples:
1. An artery is a blood vessel which carries
blood from hearth.
2. A dentist is a person who treats people’s
teeth.
3. A college is a place where students receive
higher education.
 An artery is a blood vessel.
 The blood vessel carries blood from hearth.

  An artery is a blood vessel which carries

blood from hearth.
 Plastics are compounds.
 The compounds are made with long chains of
carbon atom.

  Plastics are compounds which are made

with long chains of carbon atom.

  Plastics are compounds made with long

chains of carbon atom.
 meskipun demikian, ada aturan yang berlaku,
yaitu apabila ingin menghilangkan relative
clause dalam kalimat maka pronouns yang
bisa dihilangkan hanyalah pronoun yang
berfungsi sebagai obyek dalam kalimat, dan
bukan sebagai subjek.
 The man who stands in the corner is my
father.
 Kalimat ini tidak bisa dikurangi krn relative
clausenya menjelaskan man sebagai subjek
kalimat.
 I saw the man who wears black jacket.
 Bisa dirubah ke reduced relative clause
menjadi:
 I saw the man wears black jacket.
 Criminology is a study of crime.
 Botany is the science of plants structures.
UNIT 4

EXEMPLIFICATION
EXEMPLIFICATION

 exemplification is a pattern of essay

development that uses specific instances
(examples) to clarify a point, to add interest, or to
persuade

 Exemplification means using examples to

explain, convince, or amuse.

 After giving description and definition  giving

examples
KATA-KATA YANG DIGUNAKAN:

 For example
 For instance

 Such as

 Including

 Like

 E.g.

 Particularly
CONTOH DALAM KALIMAT
 Cows, for example, are one of mammals.
 Air pollution is common in town and cities. For
instance, cars create dangerous carbon monoxide
pollution on busy street.
 There are many kinds of pollution, such as, air
and water pollution.
 In some insects, including flies, taste is detected
by feet.
 There are others kind of pollution, like noise
pollution and visual pollution.
GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization Is a process of dissemination of new elements universally. Globalization can
occur when there is advancement in science and technology, diminishing of natural
resources, and the easiness of sending goods and services happen.

First is the advancement in science and technology. This is the most important factor that
support globalization. For example, in the latest year, the development in technology sector
especially internet increase rapidly. Internet allows us to get information quicker. Every
information from all around the world can be accessed in internet. It also allows us to
communicate with our friends, even with other people from different country. Of course,
the fast exchange like this will make dissemination of new elements occur universally.

Second is diminishing of natural resources. Because of the availability of natural resources
decrease continuously, it pushes some countries making an investment to a country that
has plenty of natural resources. For instance, Freeport mining company which is owned by
America make investment in Indonesia. This thing makes foreigner especially Americans
come to Indonesia. So that, there will be cultural exchange there.

Third is the easiness in sending goods across region, especially for country that has
different culture. For example, clothes come from America can be ordered easily by
Indonesian. It encourages the occurrence of cultural incorporation or a cultural shift in
terms of dress. As we know, the eastern man’s clothes are slightly closed, while the
westerns’ dress is little bit open. Sometimes, the easiness in sending goods makes people
become consumptive and love to imitate.

TASK 5
 Gabungkan kedua kalimat di bawah ini dengan
menggunakan exemplification words:
1. In some insects, taste is detected by the feet.
Flies use their feet to taste.
2. Mammals have hair or fur on their bodies, and
they suckle their young.
Dogs feed their young on milk.
3. Herbivore is an animal which eats plants.
Gouts eat grass.
TASK 6
 Buatlah paragraf yang berisi exemplification!