1.

Pengertian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

a). Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) Tahun 2019

Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) adalah Penyakit menular dari

saluran pernapasan atas atau bawah yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai

spektrum penyakit berkisar dari infeksi ringan sampai penyakit yang parah dan

mematikan, tergantung pada patogen penyebabnya, faktor penjamu dan faktor

lingkungan.

b). Menurut Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2020

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit yang

paling banyak ditemukan pada anak anak dengan jumlah insiden 156 juta anak

setiap tahunnya di dunia. Kasus ISPA tertinggi terjadi di negara- negara

berkembang seperti India sebanyak 43 juta anak Pakistan 10 juta anak,

sedangkan di Bangladesh, Indonesia, dan Nigeria terdapat 6 juta anak yang

mengalami ISPA.

c). Menurut Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan dari sumber Karundeng dan Y.M, et al.

Tahun 2016)

Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) adalah infeksi akut yang

melibatkan organ saluran pernafasan bagian atas dan saluran pernafasan

bagian bawah. Infeksi ini disebabkan oleh virus, jamur, dan bakteri. ISPA

akan menyerang host, apabila ketahanan tubuh (immunologi) menurun.

Penyakit ISPA ini paling banyak di temukan pada anak di bawah lima tahun

karena pada kelompok usia ini adalah kelompok yang memiliki sistem

kekebalan tubuh yang masih rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit.

2. Etiologi Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) terdiri lebih dari 300 jenis Bakteri,

virus, dan riketsia.

a). Bakteri penyebab ISPA antara lain;

- Genus Streptokokus

- Stafilokokus

- Pneumokokus

- Hemofillus

- Bordetelia, dan

- Korinebakterium

b). Virus penyebab ISPA antara lain;

- Miksovirus

- Adnovirus

- Koronavirus

- Pikornavirus

- Mikoplasma

- Herpesvirus dll

Sumber:Suhandayani 2017
3. Klasifikasi Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) dibedakan pada golongan umur di

bawah 2 bulan dan untuk golongan umur 2 bulan – 5 tahun antara lain;

a). Golongan Umur Kurang 2 Bulan

1) Pneumonia Berat

Bila disertai salah satu tanda tarikan kuat di dinding pada bagian bawah

atau napas cepat. Batas napas cepat untuk golongan umur kurang 2 bulan

yaitu 6x per menit atau lebih.

2) Bukan Pneumonia (batuk pilek biasa)

Bila tidak ditemukan tanda tarikan kuat dinding dada bagian bawah atau

napas cepat. Tanda bahaya untuk golongan umur kurang 2 bulan, yaitu:

- Kurang bisa minum (kemampuan minumnya menurun sampai kurang

dari ½ volume yang biasa diminum)

- Kejang

- Kesadaran menurun

- Stridor

- Wheezing

- Demam / dingin.
b). Golongan Umur 2 Bulan -5 Tahun

1) Pneumonia Berat

Bila disertai napas sesak yaitu adanya tarikan di dinding dada bagian bawah

ke dalam pada waktu anak menarik nafas (pada saat diperiksa anak harus

dalam keadaan tenang, tidak menangis atau meronta).

2) Pneumonia Sedang

Apabila gejala dengan disertai napas cepat dengan batasan sebagai berikut;

- Untuk usia 2 bulan-12 bulan = 50 kali per menit atau lebih

- Untuk usia 1-4 tahun = 40 kali per menit atau lebih.

3) Bukan Pneumonia

Bila tidak ditemukan tarikan dinding dada bagian bawah dan tidak ada

napas cepat. Tanda bahaya untuk golongan umur 2 bulan-5 tahun yaitu :

- Tidak bisa minum

- Kejang

- Kesadaran menurun

- Stridor

- Gizi buruk

Sumber : Muttaqin 2019

4. Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

ISPA disebabkan oleh bakteri atau virus yang masuk kesaluran nafas.

Salah satu penyebab ISPA yang lain adalah asap pembakaran bahan bakar kayu

yang biasanya digunakan untuk memasak. Asap bahan bakar kayu ini banyak

menyerang lingkungan masyarakat, karena masyarakat terutama ibu-ibu rumah

tangga selalu melakukan aktifitas memasak tiap hari menggunakan bahan bakar

kayu, gas maupun minyak. Timbulnya asap tersebut tanpa disadarinya telah

mereka hirup sehari-hari, sehingga banyak masyarakat mengeluh batuk, sesak

nafas dan sulit untuk bernafas. Polusi dari bahan bakar kayu tersebut mengandung

zat-zat seperti Dry basis, Ash, Carbon, Hidrogen, Sulfur, Nitrogen dan Oxygen

yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan.

Sumber : Departemen Kesehatan RI Tahun 2019

5. Faktor Resiko Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

Faktor resiko timbulnya Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

a). Faktor Demografi

Faktor demografi terdiri dari 3 aspek yaitu ;

1). Jenis kelamin

Bila dibandingkan antaralaki-laki dan perempuan, maka laki lakilah yang

banyak terserang penyakit ISPA karena mayoritas orang laki-laki

merupakan

perokok dan sering berkendaraan, sehingga sering terkena polusi udara.

2) Usia

Anak balita dan ibu rumah tangga yang lebih banyak terserang penyakit

ISPA. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyaknmya ibu rumah tangga yang

memasak sambil menggendong anaknya.

3) Pendidikan

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh dalam

kesehatan, karena lemahnya manajemen kasus oleh petugas kesehatan serta

pengetahuan yang kurang di masyarakat akan gejala dan upaya serta dengan

penanggulangan, sehingga banyak kasus ISPA yang datang kesarana

pelayanan kesehatan sudah dalam keadaan berat karena kurang mengerti

 bagaimana cara serta pencegahan agar tidak mudah terserang penyakit

ISPA.

Sumber : Dharmage Tahun 2018

b. Faktor Biologis

Faktor biologis terdiri dari 2 aspek yaitu :

1) Status gizi

Menjaga status gizi yang baik, sebenarnya bisa juga mencegah atau

terhindar dari penyakit terutama penyakit ISPA. Misal dengan

mengkonsumsi makanan 4 sehat 5 sempurna dan memperbanyak minum air

putih, olah raga yang teratur serta istirahat yang cukup. Karena dengan

tubuh yang sehat maka kekebalan tubuh akan semakin menigkat, sehingga

dapat mencegah virus dan bakteri yang akan masuk kedalam tubuh.

2). Faktor Lingkungan

Faktor Lingkungan terbagi menjadi lingkungan fisik dan non fisik yaitu

sbb;

- Lingkungan fisik

Lingkungan fisik dalam terjadinya penyakit ISPA memiliki batasan

pada kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah dan pencemaran udara dalam

rumah

- Non fisik
 Lingkungan non fisik yang berupa sosial, budaya, ekonomi, dan politik

berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya penularan suatu penyakit. Lingkungan

non fisik pada penyakit ISPA memiliki batasan sosial yaitu ekonomi

keluarga seperti contoh pendapatan dan psikologi.

Notoatmodjo, Tahun 2007

6. Tanda Dan Gejala Infeksi Saluran Napas Akut (ISPA)

Tanda gejala Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah :

a). Gejala dari ISPA Ringan

Seseorang anak dinyatakan menderita ISPA ringan jika ditemukan satu atau

lebih gejala-gejala sebagai berikut:

- Batuk

- Serak, yaitu anak bersuara parau pada waktu mengeluarkan suara

(misal pada waktu berbicara atau menangis).

- Pilek, yaitu mengeluarkan lender atau ingus dari hidung.

- Panas atau demam, suhu badan lebih dari 370 C atau jika dahi diraba.

b). Gejala dari ISPA Sedang

Seorang anak dinyatakan menderita ISPA sedang jika dijumpai gejala dari

ISPA ringan disertai satu atau lebih gejala-gejala sebagai berikut:

- Pernafasan lebih dari 50 kali per menit pada anak yang berumur

kurang dari satu tahun atau lebih dari 40 kali per menit pada anak yang
 berumur satu tahun atau lebih. Cara menghitung pernafasan ialah

dengan menghitung jumlah tarikan nafas dalam satu menit. Untuk

menghitung dapat digunakan arloji.

- Suhu lebih dari 39, 0 C (diukur dengan termometer).

- Tenggorokan berwarna merah.

- Timbul bercak-bercak merah pada kulit menyerupai bercak campak.

- Telinga sakit atau mengeluarkan nanah dari lubang telinga.

- Pernafasan berbunyi seperti mengorok (mendengkur).

- Pernafasan berbunyi menciut-ciut.

c). Gejala dari ISPA Berat

Seorang anak dinyatakan menderita ISPA berat jika dijumpai gejala-gejala

ISPA ringan atau ISPA sedang disertai satu atau lebih yaitu sebagai berikut ;

- Bibir atau kulit membiru.

- Lubang hidung kembang kempis (dengan cukup lebar) pada saat waktu

bernafas.

- Anak tidak sadar atau kesadaran menurun.

- Pernafasan berbunyi seperti orang mengorok dan anak tampak gelisah.

- Sela iga tertarik ke dalam pada waktu bernafas.

- Nadi cepat lebih dari 160 kali per menit atau tidak teraba.

- Tenggorokan berwarna merah.

 Sumber : Depkes RI, Tahun 2019

7. Komplikasi Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

Kondisi yang memberat dan tujuan penanganan pada ISPA adalah ISPA

merupakan self limited disiese yang sembuh sendiri 5-6 hari jika tidak terjadi

invasi kuman lain. Komplikasi yang dapat terjadi adalah sinusitis paranasal,

penutupan tuba eustachi, dan penyebaran infeksi. Sinusitis paranasal : komplikasi

ini hanya terjadi pada anak besar karena pada bayi dan anak kecil sinus paranasal

belum tumbuh. Gejala umum tampak lebih berat, nyeri kepala bertambah, rasa

nyeri dan nyeri tekan biasanya di daerah sinus frontalis dan maksilaris. Diagnosis

ditegakan dengan pemeriksaan foto rontgen dan transluminasi (pada anak besar).

Kadang kadang disertai sumbatan hidung, nyeri kepala hilang timbul, bersin yang

terus menerus disertai secret purulen dapat unilateral maupun bilateral. Bila

didapatkan pernafasan mulut yang menetap dan rangsang faring yang menetap

tanpa sebab yang jelas perlu dipikirkan terjadinya komplikasi sinusitis. Sinusitis

paranasal ini dapat diobati dengan diberikan antibiotic. Penutupan tuba Eustachi :

Tuba Eustachi yang buntu memberi gejala tuli, dan infeksi dapat menembus
langsung ke daerah telinga tengah dan menyebabkan otitis media akut (OMA).

Gejala OMA pada anak kecil dan bayi dapat disertai suhu badan yang tinggi

(Hiperpireksia), kadang menyebabkan kejang demam, anak sangat gelisah,

terlihat nyeri bila kepala digoyangkan atau memegang telinganya yang nyeri

(pada bayi juga dapat diketahui dengan cara menekan telinganya dan bayi

biasanya akan menangis dengan keras). Kadang-kadang hanya ditemui gejala

demam, gelisah juga disertai muntah atau diare. Karena bayi yang menderita

batuk pilek sering menderita infeksi pada telinga tengah sehingga menyebabkan

terjadinya OMA dan juga dapat menyebabkan kejang demam, maka bayi perlu

dikonsulkan di bagian THT. Biasanya bayi dilakukan parasintesis jika setelah 48-

72 jam diberikan antibiotika jika keadaan tidak membaik. Parasintesis (penusukan

selaput telinga) dimaksudkan untuk mencegah membrana tympani pecah sendiri

dan terjadi otitis media perforata (OMP). Penyebaran infeksi : penjalaran infeksi

skunder dari nasofaring kearah bawah dapat menyebabkan radang saluran nafas

bagian bawah seperti laryngitis, trakeitis, bronchitis dan bronkopnemonia. Selain

itu dapat pula terjadi komplikasi jauh misalnya terjadi meningitis purulenta.
 Sumber : Ngastiyah, Tahun 2020

8. Pemeriksaan Penunjang Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA)

1). Pemeriksaan darah (Laboratorium)

2). Pemeriksaan dahak (Laboratorium)

3). Pencitraan X-ray atau CT scan untuk menilai kondisi paru- paru
9). Penatalaksanaan ISPA Dengan Asuhan Keperawatan

a). Pengkajian Asuhan Keperawatan dengan 12 Domain Nanda yang meliputi ;

Pengkajian Dilakukan Tanggal................jam................WIB

1. Identitas Klien
Nama : No RM :
Usia : Tgl Masuk :
Jenis : Tgl Pengkajian :
Kelamin : Sumber Informasi :
Alamat : Keluarga Terdekat :
No Telepon : status :
Status : Alamat :
Agama : No Telepon :
Suku : Pendidikan :

Pekerjaan : Pekerjaan :

Lama : Bekerja :

2. Riwayat Kesehatan
a. Keluhan Utama (saat masuk RS)
.....................................................................................................................................................
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 b. Keluhan utama (saat pengkajian)
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c. Riwayat Kesehatan Saat Ini

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d. Riwayat Kesehatan Terdahulu

1. Penyakit yang pernah dialami:
a. Kecelakaan :……………………………………………………
b. Operasi (jenis dan waktu):……………………………………………………
c. Penyakit (kronis dan akut) : …………………………………………………
d. Terakhir masuk RS :……………………………………………………

2. Alergi (obat, makanan, plester, dsb)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
.............................................................................................................................
3. Imunisasi (tambahan; flu, pneumonia, tetanus, dll)
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Kebisasaan
Jenis Frekuensi Jumlah Lamanya
a. Meroko : …………………. …………………. ………………….
k . . .
b. Kopi : …………………. …………………. ………………….
. . .
c. Alkohol : …………………. …………………. ………………….
. . .
5. Obat-obatan yang digunakan
Jenis Lamanya Dosis
……………………….. ……………………….. ………………………..
……………………….. ……………………….. ………………………..

3. Riwayat Keluarga
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4. Catatan Penanganan Kasus (Dimulai saat pasien di rawat di ruang rawat sampai
pengambilan kasus kelolaan)
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5. Pengkajian Keperawatan (12 Domain NANDA)

Intruksi: Beri tanda cek () pada istilah yang tepat/ sesuai dengan data-data di bawah ini.
Gambarkan semua temuan abnormal secara objektif, gunakan kolom data tambahan bila
perlu.

1. Peningkatan Kesehatan
Pengetahuan tentang penyakit/perawatan:
......................................................................................................................................................
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Masalah keperawatan:
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2. Nutrisi
a. Mulut
Trismus ( ), Halitosis ( )

Bibir: lembab( ), pucat( ),sianosis( ),labio/palatoskizis( ), stomatitis( )

Gusi: ( ), plak putih( ), lesi( )

Gigi: Normal( ), Ompong( ), Caries( ), Jumlah gigi:...................

Lidah: bersih ( ), kotor/ putih ( ), jamur ( )

b. Leher
Kaku Kuduk ( ) Simetris( ), Benjolan ( ) Tonsil ( )

Kelenjar Tiroid : normal ( ), pembesaran ( )

Tenggorok : kesulitan menelan ( ),

dll..................................................................................................

Kebutuhan Nutrisi dan Cairan

BB sebelum sakit: kg BB sakit: kg

Program Diit RS :

Makanan yang disukai:..........................

Selera makan:...........................

Alat makan yang digunakan:........................

Pola makan( x/ hari):......................

Porsi makan yang dihabiskan:............................

Pola Minum .............................gelas/hari) jenis air

minum:.....................................................

Intake Makanan :
 Intake Cairan :

c. Abdomen
Inspeksi : Bentuk: simetris( ), tidak simetris( ), kembung( ), asites( ),

Palpasi : massa ( ), nyeri ( )

Kuadran I :

Kuadran II :

Kuadran III :

Kuadran IV :

Auskultasi : bising usus........................x/mnt

Perkusi : Timpani ( ), redup ( )

BAB : warna........................................Frekuensi................................x/hari

Konsisitensi:.................................... lendir ( ), darah ( ), ampas ( )

Konstipasi ( )

Data Tambahan :
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Masalah keperawatan:
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3. Eliminasi dan Pertukaran

a. BAK:
b. Warna:
c. Konsistensi:
d. Frekuensi: x/ hari
e. Urine Output : cc
f. Penggunaan Kateter:.............................................................................................
g. Vesika Urinaria: Membesar .....................Nyeri tekan............................
h. Gangguan; Anuaria ( ), Oliguria ( ), Retensi Uria ( ), nokturia ( ), Inkontinensia Urin
( ), Poliuria ( ), Dysuria ( )

Jalan nafas: Sputum ( ), warna sputum ( ) konsisitensi:........................................

Batuk ( ) frekuensi:..............................

Dada

Bentuk: Simetris ( ), Barrel chest/dada tong( ), pigeon chest/dada burung ( ) benjolan

( ), dll………………..

Paru-paru:

Inspeksi: RR………x/ min,

Palpasi: Normal ( ), ekspansi pernafasan( ), taktil fremitus( )

Perkusi: Normal/ Sonor( ), redup/pekak( ), hiper sonor( )

Auskultasi: irama( ), teratur( ),

Suara nafas: vesicular( ), bronkial( ), Amforik ( ), Cog Wheel Breath Sound ( )

metamorphosing breath sound ( )
 Suara Tambahan: Ronki ( ), pleural friction( )

Data Tambahan:
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Masalah keperawatan:
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4. Aktivitas/Istirahat
Kebiasaan sebelum tidur (perlu mainan, dibacakan cerita, benda yang dibawa saat tidur,
dll):
Kebiasaan Tidur siang:......................................jam/hari
Skala Aktivitas:

Kemampuan perawatan diri 0 1 2 3 4

Makan/minum
Mandi

Toileting
Berpakaian

Mobilitas di tempat tidur

Berpindah

Ambulasi/ROM
0: mandiri, 1: alat Bantu, 2: dibantu orang lain, 3: dibantu orang lain dan alat, 4: tergantung
total

Persendian:
Nyeri Sendi ( ), pergerakan sendi:.......................

ROM ( Range Of Motion):

Kekuatan Otot :

Kelainan Otot:

Tonus/aktifitas
Aktif ( ) Tenang ( ) Letargi ( ) Kejang ( )
Menagis keras ( ) lemah ( ) melengking ( ), Sulit menangis ( )

Ekstremitas
Amelia ( ), Sindaktili ( ), Polidaktili( )
Reflek Pat0logis :
Babinsky : + ( ), - ( )
Kernig : + ( ), - ( )
Brudzinsky : + ( ), - ( )

Reflek Fisiologis

Biceps : + ( ), - ( )
Triceps : + ( ), - ( )
Patella : + ( ), - ( )

Jantung
Inspeksi: ictus cordis/denyut apeks( ), normal( ) melebar( )
Palpasi: kardiomegali( )
Perkusi: redup( ), pekak( )
Auskultasi: HR...............x/mnt. Aritmia( ),Disritmia( ) , Murmur ( )

Mandi:...................x/mnt

Sikat gigi :........................................x/mnt

Ganti Pakaian :..................................x/mnt

Memotong kuku:...............................x/mnt

DATA TAMBAHAN :
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Masalah keperawatan:
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5. Persepsi/Kognitif
Kesan Umum

Tampak Sakit: ringan ( ),sedang( ),berat ( ), pucat ( ), sesak ( ), kejang( )

1. Kepala
a. Fontanel anterior Lunak( ), Tegas( ), Datar( ), Menonjol( ),
Cekung( )
b. Rambut: warna...............mudah dicabut ( ), ketombe( ), kutu( )

2. Mata
Mata: jernih( ), mengalir, kemerahan( ), sekret( )
Visus: 6/6( ), 6/300( ), 6/ tak terhingga( ),
Pupil: Isokor( ), anisokor( ), miosis( ), midriasis( ),
reaksi terhadap cahaya: kanan Positif( ), negatif( ),kiri negatif( ) positif( ),
alat bantu: kacamata( ), Softlens( )

Conjungtiva: merah jambu( ), anemis( )

Sklera: Putih( ), Ikterik( )

3. Bibir, Lidah
a. Bibir : normal ( ) sumbing ( )
b. Sumbing langit-langit/palatum ( )
c. Lidah: bersih ( ), kotor/ putih ( ), jamur ( )

4. Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorok

a. Telinga: Normal ( )Abnormal ( ) Sekret( )
b. Hidung: Simetris ( )Asimetris ( ) Sekret ( ) Nafas cuping hidung ( )
c. Tenggorok: Tonsil( ), radang( )

Data Tambahan
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Masalah keperawatan:
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6. Persepsi Diri
Perasaaan klien terhadap penyakit yang dideritanya .....................................................
Persepsi klien terhadap dirinya.......................................................................................
Konsep diri......................................................................................................................
Tingkat kecemasan.........................................................................................................
Citra Diri/Bodi image:.....................................................................................................
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Masalah keperawatan:
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7. Peran Hubungan
Budaya:
Suku:
Agama yang di anut:
Bahasa yang digunakan :
Masalah sosial yang penting:
Hubungan dengan orang tua:
Hubungan dengan saudara kandung:
Hubungan dengan lingkungan sekitar

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8. Seksualitas Dan Reproduksi

Genitalia dan Anus

Laki-laki

Penis: normal/ada ( ), Abnormal…………………,

 Scrotum dan testis: normal( ), hernia( ), hidrokel( )

Anus ; normal/ada ( ), atresia ani( )

Perempuan

Vagina: sekret( ), warna( )

Anus: normal/ada ( ), atresia ani( )

Riwayat kehamilan dan kelahiran :

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9. Toleransi/Koping Stress
GCS :.......
E:........................................................................................

V: .......................................................................................

M:.......................................................................................

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10. Prinsip Hidup

Budaya :
 Budaya yang diikuti pasien dengan aktifitasnya
 Masalah terkait budaya
Spritual / Religius :
 Aktifitas ibadah dan kegiatan keagamaan yang biasa
dilakukan sehari-hari
 Aktifitas ibadah dan kegiatan keagamaan yang sekarang
tidak dapat dilaksanakan
 Perasaan pasien akibat tidak dapat melaksanakan hal
tersebut
  Upaya pasien mengaasi perasaan tersebut
 Keyakinan pasien tentang peristiwa/masalah kesehatan
yang sekarang sedang dialami
Psikologis :
 Perasaan pasien setelah mengalami masalah ini
 Cara mengatasi perasaan tersebut
 Rencana pasien setelah masalahnya terselesaikan
 Jika rencana ini tidak dapat dilaksanakan
 Pengetahuan pasien tentang masalah/penyakit yang ada
Sosial :
 Aktifitas/peran pasien di masyarakat
 Masalah social

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11. Keselamatan / Perlindungan

Tingkat Kesadaran : Composmentis ( ), Apatis ( ), Somnolen ( ), Sopor ( ),Soporocoma ( )
Coma ( )
TTV : Suhu.............O C, Nadi........x/min, TD...............mmHg, RR..........x/min

Warna kulit :

Sianosis ( ), I kterus ( ), eritematosus rash ( ), discoid lupus ( ), oedema ( ),

Bula ( ), Ganggren ( ), nekrotik jaringan ( ), Hiperpigmentasi ( )

Echimosis ( ), Petekie ( )

Turgor Kulit: elastis ( ), tidak elastis ( )

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Masalah keperawatan:
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12. Kenyamanan
Provaiking :
Quality :
Regio :
Scala :
Time :

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Masalah keperawatan:
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Terapi

Tanggal Terapi :

Cara
Golongan Kontra
No Nama Terapi Dosis Pemberia Indikasi
Obat Indikasi
n

Pemeriksaan Penunjang :

Laboratorium ( Tanggal Pemeriksaan )

USG ( Tanggal Pemeriksaan )

EKG ( Tanggal Pemeriksaan )

Rontsen ( Tanggal Pemeriksaan )

EEG ( Tanggal Pemeriksaan )

Dll.....

b). Tentukan Diagnosis/ masalah keperawatan dengan Analisa Data (DS,DO)

c). Buat Intervensi (rencana Asuhan Keperawatan)

d). Penatalaksanaan Implementasi SOAP dengan awal dan tujuan indikator

e). Evaluasi SOAP dengan hasil nilai awal dan tujuan indikator

f). Tentukan Dischard Planing dan Edukasi setelah pasien dinyatakan pulang

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
World Health Organization (WHO) Tahun 2019/ Pengertian Infeksi Saluran

Pernapasan Akut (ISPA), Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2020,

Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan dari sumber Karundeng dan Y.M, etal.Tahun 2016,

Suhandayani 2017, Muttaqin 2019, Departemen Kesehatan RI Tahun 2019, Dharmage

Tahun 2018 Notoatmodjo, Tahun 2007, Depkes RI, Tahun 2019, Ngastiyah, Tahun

2020