Russia
- max 8% trans in
spread/vanaspati
- max 5% trans in MFR
- max 8% trans in CBR
Austria
max 2% trans fat
in all FAT
China
If contain hydrogenated
fat, must label trans fat
content
TANTANGAN PADA PRODUK SPECIALTY FATS
- Low trans fat - Low trans fat - Low trans fat - Trans fat free
-Low saturated fat -Low sat fat - Low sat fat - Low sat fat
- Non hydrogenated - Low calorie - Low calorie - High Oleic
- Natural high SUS - High stability - High stability - High SUS
- Balance FAC (heat and cold) - High OPO
(6 : 3) - High Oleic - High MCT
- Bioactive
compounds
CHALLENGES IN EDIBLE OILS AND FATS
Oil/Fat • Solvent-free
Production • Enzyme Treatment
• Selective Fractionation
Oil/Fat
• Chemical Interesterification
Modification
• Enzymatic Interesterification
DESIGNED LIPIDS / STRUCTURED LIPIDS
A A A A A B
A + B A A B B A + A
A A B A B B
A OH A OH A A A
A + OH OH A + OH A + A
A OH OH OH A OH A
TG Gliserol MG DG TG
ALKOHOLISIS
A A A OH O
A + BOH OH + OH + OH + BO-C-A
A OH A OH
A B A A A A B B
A + B A A B B A B
A B A B A B B B
TG A TG B Lipida terstruktur
Esterification
Fatty acid + Alcohol Alkyl Ester
(C 8:0, C10:0, (Methanol, Ethanol,
C12:0, C16:0, Propanol, Butanol,
C18:0, C18:1) Isopropanol)
Acidolysis
TG + MCFA Structured lipids + LCFA
(C 8:0, C10:0, C12:0) (low calorie)
Glyceroysis
Purpose
− to modify oil and fat properties
− to improve functionality of oil and fat
The catalysts are usually alkaline in nature and consist of
sodium methoxide or alloys of sodium- and potassium
methoxide
Trend is toward IE for replacement of hydrogenated fat
Interesterification Process
Fat
Oil dried
Interesterification Process
Interesterification Process
PRODUK-PRODUK KOMERSIAL :
Menggunakan katalis logam-logam alkali atau alkilat
Jenis-jenis reaksi yang banyak digunakan :
- Hidrolisis minyak dan reesterifikasi acak
- Interesterifikasi antara dua jenis atau lebih minyak
Membutuhkan suhu relatif tinggi (> 200oC) dan waktu reaksi yang relatif
panjang
Menghasilkan trigliserida dengan posisi asam lemak yang acak
Kerap menghasilkan reaksi-reaksi samping yang tidak diinginkan, sehingga
terdapat kemungkinan terbentuknya senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat toksik
bagi kesehatan manusia
MODIFIKASI ENZIMATIS
LIPASE