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NAMA :
NIM :
SEMESTER :
KELOMPOK HARI :
TANDA TANGAN :
Puji syukur tim penyusun panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT atas tersusunnya Penuntun
Praktikum Analisa Obat, Makanan dan Kosmetik untuk mahasiswa Farmasi STIKes Assyifa
Aceh.
Penuntun praktikum ini disusun dengan tujuan sebagai acuan untuk membantu
mahasiswa agar dapat lebih memahami analisa obat, makanan dan kosmetik menggunakan alat
instrumentasi dan aplikasi dari beberapa metode analisis yang lazim digunakan di bidang
farmasi.
Tim penyusun menyadari bahwa penuntun ini masih belum sempurna, oleh karena itu
kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat diharapkan untuk perbaikan di masa yang akan datang.
Harapan tim penyusun semoga penuntun ini bermanfaat dan mahasiwa dapat memahami setiap
praktikum yang dilakukan.
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DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................................................2
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................................3
TATA TERTIB PRAKTIKUM.................................................................................................4
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TATA TERTIB PRAKTIKUM
Tata tertib yang harus ditaati oleh praktikan dalam praktikum Analisa obat makanan dan
kosmetik sebagai berikut ini:
1. Praktikan harus sudah hadir 15 menit sebelum praktikum dimulai. Keterlambatan hadir
melebihi waktu yang telah ditentukan tidak diperkenankan mengikuti praktikum.
2. Selama praktikum, praktikan harus mengenakan jas praktikum. Dilarang menggunakan
kaos oblong (tanpa kerah) dan memakai sandal. Praktikan harus membawa lap tangan,
lap serbet, tissue untuk menjaga kebersihan.
3. Harus mentaati peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku, disiplin dan jujur dalam melaksanakan
praktikum.
4. Setiap kali praktikum, praktikan wajib mengisi dan menandatangani daftar hadir. Jika
berhalangan hadir, praktikan harus memberikan keterangan tertulis yang disertai alasan-
alasan yang sah.
5. Praktikan yang melebihi 3 (tiga) kali berturut-turut tidak datang tanpa keterangan yang
sah, tidak diperkenankan lagi melanjutkan dan menyelesaikan praktikumnya.
6. Sebelum praktikum dimulai akan diadakan pretest selama 15 menit.
7. Mengetahui letak dan prosedur penggunaan peralatan keamanan seperti pemadam api.
Jika terjadi kebakaran pada alat, segera cabut kontak peralatan dengan sumber listrik dan
segera menghubungi dosen atau laboran.
8. Jika terjadi kecelakaan atau terluka, segera hubungi asisten, dosen atau laboran untuk
mendapatkan pertolongan.
9. Setelah semua pekerjaan selesai, bersihkan alat yang telah digunakan dan meninggalkan
lab dalam kondisi kembali bersih.
10. Praktikan diwajibkan membuat laporan hasil praktikum yang dikumpulkan seminggu
setelahnya sebelum praktikum selanjutnya dimulai.
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PERCOBAAN I
A. ANALISIS BORAKS DALAM BAKSO DAN LONTONG
B. ANALISIS FORMALIN DALAM MIE DAN BAKSO
I. TUJUAN
Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui cara identifikasi boraks dan formalin pada makanan dengan
metode kualitatif.
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adonan dapat lebih lias dan elastis sehingga tidak cepat mollor atau sagging. Meskipun jumlah
tambahan tidak terlalu banyak, namun boraks mempunyai efek akumulasi yang berbahaya.
Gejala keracunan boraks akut meliputi mual, muntah-muntah, diare, kejang perut, bercak pada
kulit, suhu tubuh menurun dan lemah, juga dapat terjadi kematian akibat kolaps pernapasan.
Pada keracunan kronik dapat menyebabkan demam, anoreksia, kerusakan ginjal, depresi dan
bingung.
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Buatkan reaksi identifikasi formalin ?
2. Apa bahaya formalin bagi kesehatan ?
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3. Tuliskan beberapa makanan yang sering mengandung formalin ?
4. Apa kegunaan formalin dalam bidang farmasi ?
5. Tuliskan beberapa bahaya boraks ?
6. Tuliskan beberapa makanan yang sering mengandung boraks?
7. Mengapa boraks sering digunakan didalam makanan walaupun telah dilarang
penggunaannya ?
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PERCOBAAN II
ANALISIS METANIL YELLOW DALAM MIE DAN KERIPIK
I. TUJUAN
Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui cara identifikasi metanil yellow pada makanan dengan
metode kualitatif.
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yang dalam jangka panjang menyebabkan kelainan-kelainan pada organ tubuh manusia. Untuk
methanyl yellow (pewarna kuning berbahaya) bila tertelan dapat mengakibatkan mual, muntah,
sakit perut, dan kanker kandung kemih (Annisa, 2014).
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Sebutkan jenis makanan yang dapat mengandung Methanyl Yellow ?
2. Apa fungsi dari Methanyl Yellow ?
3. Bagaimana cara identifikasi Methanyl Yellow secara kuantitaif ?
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PERCOBAAN III
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN RHODAMINE B DALAM KERUPUK MERAH
I. TUJUAN
Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui cara identifikasi Rhodamin B pada makanan dengan metode
kualitatif.
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III. ALAT DAN BAHAN
Alat : Kertas saring, batang pengaduk, pipet tetes, tabung reaksi.
Bahan : Aquades, reagent rhodamin B-1, reagent rhodamin B-2, reagent rhodamin B-3,
kerupuk merah.
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Sebutkan fungsi dari Rhodamin B ?
2. Apa bahaya Rhodamin B bagi kesehatan ?
3. Bagaimana analisa Rhodamin B secara kuantitatif ?
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PERCOBAAN IV
ANALISIS MERKURI PADA KRIM PEMUTIH
I. TUJUAN
Mahasiswa mampu mengidentifikasi zat adiktif (merkuri) pada sediaan kosmetik.
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Kemudian tambahkan 10 ml asam klorida dan 10 ml asam nitrat, uapkan hingga
kering
Tambahkan akuades sebanyak 10 mL pada sisa penguapan.
Panaskan selama 5 menit kemudian dinginkan dan disaring menggunakan kertas
saring
2. Analisis Kualitatif Merkuri
Larutan uji dimasukkan kedalam tabung reaksi, kemudian ditambahkan 1-2 tetes KI 0,5
N. Amati perubahan warna. Endapan merah orange yang terbentuk menunjukkan positif
adanya merkuri
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Apakah sampel krim yang dipasaran mengandung merkuri ?
2. Mengapa merkuri sering digunakan didalam kosmetik walaupun telah dilarang
penggunaannya ?
3. Bagaimana cara menganalisis kuantitatif merkuri pada sampel krim ?
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PERCOBAAN V
ANALISIS KUALITATIF KANDUNGAN BAHAN KIMIA OBAT (BKO)
DALAM JAMU ASAM URAT
I. TUJUAN
Mahasiswa dapat melakukan analisis kualitatif bahan kimia obat dalam sediaan jamu.
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lambung dalam jangka panjang akan merusak hati dan ginjal. Konsumsi masyarakat terhadap
produk obat tradisional cenderung terus meningkat, sementara pengetahuan masyarakat masih
belum memadai untuk dapat memilih dan menggunakan produk secara tepat, benar dan
aman.Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan risiko pada kesehatan dan keselamatan konsumen.
Apabila terjadi produk sub standar, rusak atau terkontaminasi oleh bahan kimia obat maka risiko
yang terjadi akan berskala besar dan luas serta berlangsung secara amat cepat.
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Bagaimana cara mengindentifikasi obat tradisional secara kuantitatif?
2. Sebutkan cara lain untuk mengindentifikasi obat tradisional secara kualitatif ?
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PERCOBAAN VII
IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN BAHAN KIMIA OBAT PADA JAMU SECARA
KUALITATIF (PARACETAMOL DAN DEXAMETHASONE)
VI. TUJUAN
Mahasiswa dapat melakukan analisis kualitatif bahan kimia obat dalam sediaan jamu.
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empiris atau ilmiah. Penggunaan obat tradisional khususnya jamu di Indonesia cukup tinggi,
hampir 50% masyarakat Indonesia terbiasa mengkonsumsi jamu. Tetapi peningkatan produksi,
peredaran dan penggunaan jamu tersebut di sisi lain dicemari oleh adanya penambahan bahan
kimia obat ke dalamnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengawasan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
(BPOM) di seluruh wilayah Indonesia dari bulan November 2013 sampai dengan Agustus 2014,
ditemukan sebanyak 51 jamu yang mengandung BKO, dimana 42 diantaranya merupakan
produk jamu yang tidak terdaftar (ilegal) dan sisanya merupakan produk jamu yang tidak sesuai
dengan persetujuan pendaftaran. Bahan kimia obat (BKO) yang merupakan bahan kimia sintetik
atau hasil isolasi, tidak boleh ditambahkan ke dalam obat tradisional karena bertentangan dengan
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 246/Menkes/V/1990 tentang Izin Usaha Industri Obat
Tradisional dan Pendaftaran Obat Tradisional. Jamu yang mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO)
dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan serius, bahkan dapat berujung pada kematian karena
bahan kimia obat (BKO) umumnya merupakan golongan obat keras yang harus diberikan sesuai
dengan dosis terapinya.
X. PERTANYAAN
1. Bagaimana cara mengindentifikasi obat tradisional secara kuantitatif?
2. Sebutkan cara lain untuk mengindentifikasi obat tradisional secara kualitatif ?
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VII. HASIL PENGAMATAN
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PERCOBAAN VII
ANALISIS PEMANIS BUATAN (JAJANAN ES CAMPUR)
I. TUJUAN
Untuk mengetahui kandungan sakarin dan siklamat pada jajan es campur.
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III. ALAT DAN BAHAN
Alat : Erlenmeyer, kertas saring, hotplate, corong pisah.
Bahan : Arang aktif, HCl 10%, BaCl2 10%, NaNO2 10%, eter, NaOH 10%, resorsinol.
H2SO4 pekat, sampel es campur.
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Sebutkan fungsi dari Siklamat dan Sakarin ?
2. Bagaimana cara mengindentifikasi secara kuantitatif ?
3. Tuliskan beberapa bahayanya Siklamat dan Sakarin?
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VI. HASIL PENGAMATAN
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PERCOBAAN VIII
PENETAPAN KADAR VITAMIN C DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMER UV-Vis
I. TUJUAN
Tujuan dalam praktikum ini adalah mahasiswa dapat menetapkan kadar vitamin C secara
spektrofotometri UV-Vis.
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III. ALAT DAN BAHAN
Alat yang digunakan adalah gelas kimia, kertas saring, labu takar, spektrofotometer, pipet
tetes, penangas air, timbangan analitik.
Bahan yang digunakan adalah sediaan obat Vitamin C, akuades, serbuk Vitamin C.
V. PERTANYAAN
1. Ukur absorbansi Blangko, Sample dan Standar ?
2. Hitung kadar Vitamin C dalam sampel ?
3. Simpulkan apakah kandungan Vitamin C sesuai standar atau tidak?
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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FORMAT LAPORAN
Judul Percobaan :
Tujuan Percobaan :
Tanggal Percobaan :
Asisten :
I. PENDAHULUAN (Teori)
Salah satu metode analisis yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa jamu yang
mengandung BKO yaitu menggunakan teknik Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). KLT sangat
bermanfaat untuk analisis obat dan bahan lain dalam laboratorium karena hanya memerlukan
peralatan sederhana, waktu cukup singkat (15-60 menit), dan jumlah zat yang di periksa cukup
kecil (kira-kira 0,01 g senyawa murni atau 0,1 g simplisia) selain itu, KLT tidak memerlukan
ruang yang besar dan teknik pengerjaannya juga sederhana (Harmita, 2015).
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suhu 120˚C tujuan dilakukannya yaitu mengurangi kadar air yang terdapat pada plat silica gell
yang akan digunakan, sehingga dapat memperlancar proses eluenisasi. Juga dilakukan karena
dikhawatirkan pada plat yang digunakan terdapat cemaran yang dapat menimbulkan masalah
atau mungkin juga tidak (Gritter,1991). Kemudian tentukan jarak start dan finish larutan eluen
merambat, yaitu 1cm atas dan bawah. Kemudian lakukan penotolan pada sampel jamu,
pembanding dan juga bahan kimia obat (BKO) disini menggunakan Allupurinol dan piroxicam.
V. KESIMPULAN
Dari hasil percobaan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada sampel jamu asam urat sampel 1
positif mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO) piroxicam dengan nilai Rf yang didapat pada
sampel 1 adalah 0,68, sampel 2 positif mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO) piroxicamdengan
nilai Rf yang didapat pada sampel 2 adalah 0,68.
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