System Reproduksi

Feminina
Oleh: E.Suryadi
Fakultas Kedokteran UGM

Peran system reproduksi

wanita
Pemeliharaan dan pematangan sel
telur
Tempat terjadinya konsepsi,
implantasi, kehamilan
Proses kelahiran
Proses menyusuhi

Organ reproduksi wanita

Ovarium
Tuba
Uterus
Vagina
vulva

Organ genitalia feminina

OVARY

 Mekanisme yang mencegah viscera pelvis dari

prolapsus adalah:
Uterus dan vagina ditempelkan ke dinding pelvis
melalui beberapa ligament dan struktur fascia.
Musculus levatoris ani mengkonstriksi lumen
beberapa organ membentuk lapisan yang oklusif.
Kedua faktor ini membentuk mekanisme yang
disebut flap-valve closure.
3 komponen penting penahan prolapsus adalah:
1. Penyokong uterus
Uterus dan vagina dilekatkan pada dinding pelvis
melalui fascia endopelvina, selain itu uterus
disokong kuat oleh kompleks ligament yang
disebut cardinal-uterosacral complex

2. Penyokong vagina
Jaringan ikat yang menempelkan vagina pada dinding
pelvis disebut paracolpium, paracolpium mempunyai 2
bagian yaitu
Bagian superior disebut level 1 terdiri dari jaringan ikat
yang relative panjang menahan vagina dengan
menempelkan pada dinding pelvis jaringan ikat yang
setinggi terdiri dari ligamentum cardinal dan
uterosacral.
Bagian media disebut level 2, paracolpium melekatkan
vagina ke lateral dan menempelkan secara langsung ke
dinging pelvis, contohnya adalah fascia pubocervical
merupakan fascia endopelvina yang langsung
menempel pada dinding pelvis. Level 3 adalah dinding
vagina yang langsung menempel pada struktur
disekitarnya tanpa bantuan paracolpium.
3. Musculus levator ani.

Genitalia externa feminina

Changes during oogenesis

At birth the human ovaries contain about
1 million oocytes
The complex of the ovum (oocyt) and its
surrounding cellular as a follicle
During change from primordial follicle to
primary follicle
- flattened granulosa cell become
cuboidal granulosa cell.
- oocytes enlarge from 15m to 100m
- oocytes begins to produce the zona
pelluzida
Only about 400 oocytes will reach
maturity and become ovulated

FOLLICULOGENESIS
Under predominantly FSH
stimulation
Follicle will grow in size, from
150m to 2-3 cm
Granulosa and theca cell proliferate
Increase oestrogen and
progesteron

Three stage of
folliculogenesis
1. Recruitment
- the gonadotropin dependent
- some follicle leaves the restino
primordial pool
- occurs during days 1-4, menstrual
cycle

2. Selection
- to the species characteristic
ovulatory quota
- mechanism unclear
- unknown criteria
- days 5-7 of menstrual cycle

3. Dominance
- usually only one follicle
- the dominant follicle secretes a
substance, its called selectron
- selectron to inhibit the
development of potentially
competing follicle
- a week before ovulation

OVULATION

Around mid cycle, 14 days before menstrual

Under the influence of FSH and LH
40 h after on set of the LH surge
Before ovulation, meiosis 1 occurs, the first
polar body is extruded and oocytes
undergoes nuclear and cytoplasmic
maturation
The follicle undergoes a sudden growth
spurt

 Pre ovulatory swelling on the

surface of the ovary
A small oval avascular spot or the
stigma
The oocyte and some cells of the
cumulus
oophorus detach from the interior
follicle
The stigma ruptures and the oocyte
is expelled with the follicular fluid

The interrelation of the

hypothalamus, pituitary gland
ovaries and endometrium

Ovarian
Cycle

Menstrual
cycle

Complete the second meiotic

division occurs after the sperm
penetration or fertilization
Expels the second polar body
The ovum is now mature and its nucleus is
known as the female pronucleus
The ovum is usually fertilized within 12
hours after ovulation
If for 24 hours nor fertilized yet, human
ovum dies

Ovarium

Follicle

Regio perinealis
Otot
mm. Ischiocavernosus
mm. Bulbocavernosus
mm. Transversus perinei superficialis
R. Urogenitalis

Regio
perinealis

R. Analis

Bangunan:
Trigonum urogenitalis
Crura penis
Bulbus urethrae
Corpus cavernosum urethrae
Fascia: F. perinei superficialis
Ligamentum:
L. Tranversum pelvis
L.Suspensorium
L. fundiforme

Bangunan:
Otot:
Pars analis recti
mm. Levator ani
mm. Sphincter ani externusRaphe anococcygea
Fascia ischiorectalis
Fascia lunata

Arteria pudenda interna

Foramen infra
piriforme
Dorsal spina ischiadica
Foramen ischiadica
minus
Medial tuber
ischiadicum
Dorsal septum
transversum perinei

Menembus fascia
urogenitalis superior
Menembus m,transversus
Perineus profundus
Caudal symphysis &
Diantara crus penis

a. Hemorrhoidalis inferior
a. perinealis

a. Scrotalis anterior

a. Penis
a.clitoridis
a.bulbourethralis
a. urethralis
a. Profunda penis
a. Profunda clitoridis
a. Dorsalis penis
A dorsalis clitoridis

Abnormal Development of
Uterus

Development of Inguinal
Canals
The inguinal canals form pathways for the testes
to descend from their intra-abdominal position
through the anterior abdominal wall into the
scrotum